700 



ONAGRARI^. XVII. Onosurus. HYDROCARYES. I. Trapa. HALORAGE^, 



XVII. ONOSU^RUS ( „ 



to be derived from orog^ onos^ an ass, and oupa, owra, a tail ; but 



Ker. bot, reg. 88. — Cam. epit. 715. with a figure. Flowers 

 white, the claws of the petals short and purplish. The nuts are 

 the application is not evident). Rafin. lud.' p. 96. D. C. prod. esteemed farinaceous, nourishing, and pectoral. The calyx with 

 3. p. 64. — Chamissonia, Link, in jarb. der gewasch. 1818. p. its spines or indurated lobes being removed, there is a white 

 186. but not of Humb. and Kunth. sweet kernel within, somewhat like a chestnut in taste; they are 



Tube of calyx adhering sold in the markets at Venice under the name of Jesuits' nuts. 

 to the ovarium ; limb 2-partedY lobes reflexed, deciduous, ex At Vercelli they are called galarin, and are much eaten there by 



the common people and children. Pliny says that the Thracians 



Lin. syst. 



Mono. 



Rafin. Petals 4, inserted at the base of the limb of the calyx. 

 Stamens 8. Stigma quadrifid. Capsule 4-celled, 4-valved. 

 This genus is hardly known- It is probably not distinct from 

 (E not her a. 



1 O. acumina'ta (Rafin. 1, c.) petals obcordate. O. H. 



no. 3. Robin, louis. p. 



., ..^ ^ _ Na- 



tive of Louisiana. CEnothera, no. 3. Robin, louis. p. 490. 

 Stem thick, 7 feet high, hairy. Leaves crowded, sessile, lan- 

 ceolate, acuminated, somewhat bluntly and remotely toothed. 



AcumhiatedAe^yeA Onosurus. PL 7 feet. 



Cult. The seeds of this plant should be sown in the open 

 border. 



made them into bread. According to Thunberg the roots of this 

 or some other species are commonly boiled in broth in Japan, 

 though the taste is by no means pleasant. 



Floating Water-caltrops. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1781. PL fl. 



2 T. QUADRispiNOSA (Roxb. fl. iud. 1. p. 451.) horns of fruit 

 stiff, acute, spinose, disposed in a cross-like manner. 1/. W. S. 

 Native of Silhet, floating in lakes. Flowers white. The rest 

 unknown. Nuts eatable. 



Four-spined Water-caltrops. FL June, Aug. Clt. 1823. PL fl. 



** Fruit furnished with 2 horns only. 



Order XCIIL HYDROCA^RYES {^rom h^opjiydor, water, 



3 T. BispiNOsA (Roxb* 



FIG. 101. 



and Kapvovy caryon^ a nut; water nuts). Link, enum. 1. p. 141. ^^^' t- 234. fl. md. 1. p. 

 Lindl. introd. nat. syst. p. 58. Onagrari^, Tribe vi. ? Hydroc^- ¥^-) ^Pl"" ^^^''^'^ ^PP^" 



ryes, D. C. prod. 3. p. 63. 



site, stitF, acute, spinose, 

 and 



bearded ; 



floating 



W 



Calyx superior, 4-parted (f. 101. c), with the tube adhering leaves rather quadrate, 



to the ovarium. Petals 4 (f. 101. 6.)* arising from the throat of serrulately toothed, to- 



the calyx. Stamens 4, alternating with the petals. Ovarium (f. mentose beneath. 



101. a.) 2-celled. Ovulas solitary, pendulous. Style filiform, ^\.^^^^^^ ?^ l^^ ^^^^ 



, . , 1.11 rt.- •. . T- •. 1 1 • 1 1 • Indies, floatmg m water. 



thickened at the base, btigma capitate, rruit hard, indehis- ^ Rheed mal 11 d 64 



cent, 1 -celled, 1 -seeded, crowned by the indurated segments of t. 33. Shringata, Jones in 



the calyx. Seed large, solitary, pendulous, exalbuminous. Co- asiat. res. 2. p. 350. and 



tyledons 2, very unequal. — Floating herbs. Lower leaves op- 4- P\^^?\ Petioles fur- 

 posite, upper ones alternate ; those under water cut into capillary 



segments; petioles tumid in the middle (f. 101. e.). Flowers 



nished with a large bladder in the middle. Petals white. Nec- 

 tary cupulate, curled. The nuts are sold in the markets in many 

 parts of the East Indies, the kernels being much esteemed by 

 the Hindoos. 



TwO'Spined-^rmtedi Water-caltrops. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 

 1822. Pl.fl. 



small, axillary. 



This order is closely allied to Onagrarice, from which it is 

 distinguished by its solitary pendulous ovules ; more closely 



allied to Haloragece. from which it is distinguished only by the , . , , , - , - - , - , n • i ^^ 



, J 1 11 jiji 1 thick, very blunt, somewhat recurved at the apex; floating leaves 



very large seeds, unequal cotyledons, developed calyx, and want quadrate, entire, or a little toothed. ©. W. G. Native of 



4 T. bico'rnis (Lin. fil. suppl. 128.) horns of fruit opposite, 



of albumen. Seeds of all eatable. 



China, about Canton, floating in water ; it is also cultivated by the 

 Chinese for the sake of its fruit. Gsertn. fruct. 2. t. 89. T. 



I. TRATA (abridged from calcHrapa, the Latin name of an Chinensis, Lour. coch. p. 86 Braam,icon. c^«n-1821.t. 22. 

 instrument called caZ/V. furnished with four spines, formerly g"'^'^- '" ^^^"™- •^°"- ^^^^- ^' P* ^^' *' ^^' ^^'^ ^^"'^^ ^°" ^' 



used in war to impede the progress of cavalry ; in reference to 

 the fruit of some of the species being furnished with 4 spines). 

 Lin. gen. no. 157. Lam. ill. t. 73. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 127. t. 

 2G. D. C. prod. 3. p. 63. — Tribuloides, Tourn. inst. t. 431. 



LiK. SYST. Tetrdndriay Monogynia. Being no other genus, 

 the character is therefore the same as that of the order. The 



Flowers white. 



Two-horned-^xwhedL Water 

 1790. PL fl. 



Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 



5 T. cochinchine'nsis (Lour. coch. p. 86.) horns of fruit 



thick, obtuse, opposite, somewhat recurved at the apex ; leaves 



oblonff, cut at the apex, tomentose beneath. ©. W. H. Native 



lower leaves of all the species are capillaceously multifid, as in f Coch.n-china, floatmg m stagnant water. Flowers vvhite, o„ 



Myrlophjllum, the upper or floating ones are deltoid and toothed, ^«"g peduncles. The seeds are eatable, and taste like chestnuts. 



and disposed in a rosulate manner. 



Fruit furnished with 4 horns. 



1 T. NA^TANS (Lin. spec. 175. exclusive of the synonyme of 

 Rheede,) horns of fruit disposed in a cross-like manner, acute, 

 and furnished with a small retrograde beard at the apex, 2 upper 

 ones spreading horizontally, 2 Tower ones somewhat ascending. 



0. W. H. Native of the temperate parts of Europe and 

 Siberia, in stagnant and slow running water. Schkuhr, handb. 



1. 25. Mirb. ann. mus. 16. p. 447. t. 19. D. C. org. veg. t. 55. 



Cochin-china Water-caltrops. 

 Cult. 



FL June, Aug. PL fl. 



The seeds of the species of Trapa require to be sown 

 or thrown into a cistern, or pond, or large pan of water, with rich 

 loamy soil in the bottom. Tliey all grow best in a strong heat. 



open 



Order XCIV. HALORA^GEiE (plants agreeing with Halo- 



ragis in important characters). R. Br. gen. rem. (1814.) p- 

 17. D. C. prod. 3. p. 65. 



Tube of calyx adhering the whole length of the ovarium (f- 



