PAPAYACE. 
yellow, pear-shaped. A doubtful species of the genus, from its 
small size and branched stem. 
Pear-shaped Papaw. Clt. 1823. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 
4 C. causirLcora (Jacq. scheenbr. 3. p. 33. t. 311.) leaves 
palmately 5-lobed ; intermediate lobe sinuated ; segments lan- 
ceolate, acuminated ; male peduncles usually 5-flowered, rising 
from tubercles on the trunk. h. S. Native of South Ame- 
rica, in the province of Caraccas and of Trinidad. Flowers yel- 
lowish. 
Stem-flowered Papaw. Clt. 1806. Tree 10 to 20 feet. 
5 C. microca’rea (Jacq. schoenbr. 3. p. 32. t. 309 and 310.) 
leaves 3 or 5-lobed: intermediate lobe 3-lobed; male flowers 
corymbose. h.S. Native of Caraccas and Chili. Flowers 
yellowish. Fruit the size of a cherry. 
Var. B, monoica (Desf. in ann. mus. 1. p. 273.) lower leaves 
entire (smaller), cauline ones 3-lobed, upper ones 5-lobed ; lobes 
somewhat pinnatifid; flowers monoecious, subracemose, erect. 
. S. Native country unknown. Petioles channelled. 
Small-fruited Papaw. ‘Tree 10 to 12 feet. 
6 C. sprxdsa (Willd. spec. 4. p. 815.) leaves digitate ; leaflets 
7, oblong, acuminated, quite entire ; trunk spiny. h.S. Na- 
tive of Guiana and Brazil, in Maranham and Para. C. digi- 
tata, Aubl. cuian. 2. p. 908. t.246. A branched tree. 
Spiny Papaw. Clt. 1821. Tree 20 to 30 feet. 
Cult. These trees grow well in any light rich soil. They 
may be brought into a fruit bearing state in our stoves, by plant- 
ing them in large pots, or in tubs made for the purpose. 
Orver CV. PASSIFLO‘'REZ (plants agreeing with Pas- 
siflora in important characters). Juss. ann. mus. 6. p. 102. 
D.C. prod. 3. p. 321. 
Calyx of 5 (f.5.a.) or 10 sepals (f. 4. a. f. 6. a. f. 7. a.), 
combined into a short or elongated tube (f. 7. e.), free at the 
apex, disposed in 1 or 2 series; outer lobes large, foliaceous ; 
inner ones alternating with the outer ones, and more petal-like 
than them, sometimes these last are wanting altogether; the 
sides or throat are lined by filamentous (f. 4. a.) or annular (is 
5. b. f. 6. c.) or membranous coloured processes, which are dis- 
posed in one or more series, having the bottom usually closed 
by a lid-formed appendage. Petals 5 in the tribe Paropsiee, but 
wanting altogether in the tribe Passifloree. Stamens 5 (f. 4. b. 
f. 5. d. f. 7. ¢.), but indefinite in the genus Smeathmdnnia. Fi- 
laments opposite the exterior lobes of the calyx, joined into 
a long tube which sheaths the stipe of the ovarium ; anthers 
fixed by the back, peltate (f. 4. b. f. 5. ¢.), reflexed, turned out- 
wards, but reversed they are turned inwards, 2-celled, bursting 
lengthwise. Torus elongated into a long cylindrical stipe. 
Ovarium seated on the stipe, ovate, free. Styles 3, rising from 
the same point (f. 6. e. f. 5. d. f. 4. d.), crowned by a stigma 
each, which is somewhat 2-lobed. Fruit naked (f. 7. g.), or 
surrounded by the calyx (f. 8. a.), stalked, 1-celled, 3-valved, 
having a polyspermous parietal placenta in the middle of each 
valve; the valves sometimes dry and dehiscing, sometimes fleshy 
and indehiscent. Seeds attached in several rows to the placentas, 
usually clothed with a large pulpy aril, compressed, and gene- 
rally scrobiculate. Embryo straight, in the centre of the fleshy 
thin albumen, having a terete radicle, which is turned towards 
the hylum; cotyledons flat and foliaceous.—Herbs or shrubs 
for the most part climbing, Leaves of many forms, alternate, 
I. Carica. 
‘PASSIFLOREZA. + 45 
stipulate, usually bearing glands on the limb or petiole. Pe- 
duncles axillary, some of which are changed into tendrils from 
abortion, others are simple, and bear 1 flower each, very rarely 
branched and many-flowered ; however, all the peduncles are 
floriferous in the upright species, or those that do not climb: 
always articulated under the flower, and generally furnished 
with a 3-leaved involucrum at the articulation. 
The real nature of the floral envelopes of this remarkable 
order, is a question upon which botanists entertain very different 
opinions, and their ideas of its affinities are consequently much 
According to Jussieu (Dict. scien. vol. 38. p. 49.) 
the “ parts taken for petals are nothing but inner divisions of 
the calyx, usually in a coloured state, and wanting in several 
at variance. 
species ;” and therefore, in the judgment of this venerable 
botanist, the order is apetalous, or monochlamydeous. De Can- 
dolle adopts the same view of the nature of the floral envelopes 
as Jussieu; but he nevertheless considers, we think with pro- 
priety, the order polypetalous. Other botanists consider the 
outer series of the floral envelopes as the calyx, and the inner as 
the corolla; the one is green and the other coloured. The 
nature of the filamentous appendages, or rays as they are called, 
which proceed from the orifice of the tube, and of the membra- 
nous or fleshy, entire or lobed, flat or plaited annular processes, 
which lie between the petals and the stamens, are ambiguous, 
but are probably abortive stamens. With regard to the affinity 
of Passifloree, Jussieu, swayed by the opinion he entertains of 
their being apetalous, and De Candolle, who partly agrees and 
partly disagrees with Jussieu in his view of their structure, 
both assign the order a place near Cucurbitdcee ; but when we 
consider the stipitate fruit, occasionally valvular, the parietal 
placentas, the sometimes irregular flowers, the stipulate leaves, 
and the climbing habit of these plants, it is not difficult to admit 
their affinity with Capparidee and Violariéa, the dilated disk of 
the former of which is probably analogous to the innermost of 
the annular processes of Passifloree. 
The plants composing the Passifloree, are the produce of 
South America and the West Indies, where the woods are filled 
with their species, which climb about from tree to tree, bearing 
at one time flowers of the most striking beauty, and of so sin- 
gular an appearance, that the zealous Catholics who discovered 
them adapted Christian traditions to these inhabitants of the 
South American wildernesses, and at other times fruit tempting 
to the eye and refreshing to the palate. Several are found in 
Africa, and a few in the East Indies, of which the greater part 
belong to the genus Modécca. 
Nothing is known of the properties of this order, further than 
that the succulent fruit and pulp that surround the seeds are 
fragrant, juicy, cooling, and pleasant in several species. 
Synopsis of the genera. 
Trige I. 
Parorsie'æ. Petals 5. Ovarium sessile. 
nithout tendrils. 
1 Smeatuma’nnia. Nectarium 1-leaved, urceolate, surround- 
ing the base of the stamens. Stamens indefinite ; anthers in- 
cumbent, Stigmas 5, peltate. Capsule inflated, papery, 4-5-valved. 
Upright shrubs 
