66 LOASEÆ. VI. Menrzetia. 
cronately acuminated, longer than the calyx; stamens 30-35; 
leaves and flowers nearly sessile. %. G.” Native of Mexico. 
Juss. ann. mus. 5. p. 24. M. aspera, Cav. icon. 1. p. 51. t. 70. 
exclusive of the synonyms. Flowers 15 lines in diameter. 
Seeds 6, ovate, compressed. 
Root violently purgative, and is 
used in the cure of syphilis. The 
Mexican name of the plant is 
Zazale. 
Hispid Mentzelia. FI. June, 
July. Clt. 1820. Pl. 3 feet. 
4 M. srricdsa (H. B. et 
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 
120.) petals obovate, mucro- 
nately cuspidate, 2 or 3 times 
longer than the calyx ; stamens 
about 50; leaves and flowers 
almost sessile; hairs on the 
branches retrograde. YJ. G. 
Native of Mexico, near Rio Sar- 
co. Filaments of outer stamens dilated at the apex. Ovula 10. 
Strigose Mentzelia. Pl. 1 to 2 feet. 
5 M. sca‘sra (H. B. et Kunth, l. c.) petals obovate, acute, a 
little longer than the calyx ; stamens 100-110; flowers sessile 
in the forks of the stems; leaves petiolate. 2.G. Native of 
New Granada, on the Andes about Pasto. Seeds scabrous, 6-9. 
Scabrous-seeded Mentzelia. Pl. 1 to 2 feet. 
6 M. cranprrLora (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 441. ined.) 
petals obovate, pointed, much longer than the calyx ; calycine 
lobes ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, reflexed when the flowers 
are open; stamens numerous, from 30-40, unequal, outer ones 
the longest; leaves alternate, ovate, coarsely toothed, on short 
petioles. %4. G. Native of Peru. 
Great-flowered Mentzelia. Pl. 2 to 3 feet. 
7 M. nirta (Pav. in herb. Lamb.) calyx covered with long 
hairs; calycine segments lanceolate, much shorter than the 
petals ; stamens numerous; leaves cordate, lobed, obtuse, alter- 
nate, clothed with soft pubescence; peduncles many-flowered. 
%.G. Native of Mexico. (v. s. in herb. Lamb.) 
Hairy Mentzelia. Pl. 1 foot. 
8 M. stiprra‘ta (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. ex D. C. 
prod. 3. p. 343.) petals oval, mucronately cuspidate, much 
longer than the calyx ; stamens 30-40 ; flowers and leaves stipi- 
tate. 4%. G. Native of Mexico. Presl. in Hank. reliq. 2. 
p. 40. Branches, pedicels, and ovaries scabrous from hairs. 
Leaves ovate, acuminated, 3-lobed, doubly toothed. Flowers 
lateral and terminal, solitary. 
Stipitate-flowered Mentzelia. Pl. 1 to 2 feet. 
Cult. The species grow well in any light rich soil; and cut- 
tings will root readily in sand, under a hand-glass. They are 
also easily reared from seeds, which ripen in this country. 
FIG. 13. 
VII. KLAPRO‘THIA (in honour of Martin Henry Klap- 
roth, of Berlin, a celebrated chemist, and great friend of Hum- 
boldt). H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 121. t. 537. 
D. C. prod. 3. p. 343. 
Lin. syst. IJcosdndria, Monogynia. Calyx permanent, with 
a turbinate tube and a 4-parted limb; lobes ovate, equal. Pe- 
tals 4, on very short claws. Stamens numerous, especially 4-5 
fertile ones in front of each petal; these are longer than the others, 
and 4-5 sterile ones in front of each sepal ; these are pilose, and 
somewhat dilated at the apex into a 2-lobed membrane. Styles 
4, connected together almost to the apex in one. Ovarium 1- 
celled, 8-nerved inside, and 4-ovulate; ovula pendulous, fixed 
to the nerves opposite the sepals. Fruit baccate. Herb twin- 
ing ; branches scabrous from retrograde hairs. Leaves oppo- 
8 
VII. KLAPROTHIA. 
TURNERACE. 
site, sharply toothed, stalked. Peduncles cymosely corymbose 
at the tops of the branches. Flowers white. i 
1 K. Menrzerioìrs (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) ©.H. Native 
of the Andes, about Quindiu, near the volcanos. 
Mentzelia-like Klaprothia. Pl. tw. 
Cult. For culture and propagation see Loàsa, p. 65. 
Orver CVIII. TURNERA‘CE (plants agreeing with 
Turnéra in important characters). H.B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 
amer. 6. p. 123. D. C. prod. 3. p. 345. 
Calyx free, usually coloured more or less, profoundly 5-cleft 
(f. 14. a.), deciduous; lobes equal, imbricate in estivation, 
Petals 5, equal (f. 14. b.), inserted into the upper part of the 
tube of the calyx, and alternating with its lobes, narrow at the 
base, twisted in zstivation. Stamens 5, inserted in the upper 
part of the tube of the calyx below the petals, and alternating 
with them; filaments free, flat; anthers oblong, erect, 2-celled 
(f. 14. c.) Ovarium free, 1-celled (f. 14. d.), many-ovulate. 
Ovula ascending (f. 14. f.), fixed to 3 linear parietal placentas, 
Styles 3 (f. 14. e.) or 6, usually more or less deeply bifid, and 
cleft into many stigmas at the apex (f. 14. e.). Capsule 3- 
valved, l-celled (f. 14. f.); valves bearing the seeds in their 
middle, along a longitudinal placenta, opening from the apex as 
far as the middle. Seeds subcylindrical, carved, crustaceous, 
reticulated, furnished with a thin, membranous arillus on one 
side. Hilum situated at the base of the seed. Embryo in the 
centre of a fleshy albumen, somewhat incurved, spatulate, with 
the radicle turned towards the hilum, and with plano-subconvex 
cotyledons.—Shrubs, subshrubs, and herbaceous plants, with a 
simple pubescence. Leaves alternate or scattered, simple, ex- 
stipulate, with occasionally 2 glands at the apex of the petioles, 
toothed, rarely pinnatifid. Flowers axillary, sessile, or pe 
dunculate; the peduncles either distinct or connected with 
the petioles, simple and 1-flowered qr branched and many- 
flowered, articulated in the middle or furnished with 2 small 
bracteoles. Petals yellow or yellowish, rarely blue. This 
order is placed by De Candolle between Lodse@ and Fouque- 
ràceæ, chiefly it would seem on account of its manifest relation 
to the former, and its perigynous stamens. With Malvàceæ It 
agrees in the twisted æstivation of the corolla and habit. With 
Loàseæ and Passifldreee, they have also much in common. In 
the structure of the fruit it agrees with Violarite and Cistine@, 
but differs in the petals and stamens ‘being inserted into the 
calyx, and the circumstance of their certain relationship t0 
Cistinee gives great weight to the ingenious approximation, by 
M. Du Petit Thours, of Passifloree to Violarite. The Be 
sence of glands upon the ends of the petioles of Turnerace@ 18 
a confirmation of their affinity to the former. It is distinguished 
from Loàseæ by the fruit being superior and 1-celled, with par 
rietal placentas, and by the definite stamens; the former cha- 
racter is, however, weakened by the nearly superior fruit of 
some Lodsee. 
Synopsis of the Genera. 
1 Turne'Ra. Styles 3 (f. 14. e.), simple, divided at the 
apex into multifid stigmas (f. 14. e.). Capsule opening from 
the top to the middle. 
