SCLERANTHEZ, 
inserted in the bottom of the calyx. Capsule 3-valved. Seed 
hanging from a long funicle, which arises from the centre of the 
cell. 
4 Que'sia, The character is the same as that of the tribe. 
Trisz III. 
Minvartie'z. Calyx 5-parted. Petals wanting or very 
minute. Stamens 3-10, inserted in the bottom of the calyx. Styles 
8. Capsule 1-celled, 3-valved. Seeds numerous, fixed to the 
central placenta. 
5 Minva’atia. Lobes of calyx quite entire. Styles 3. 
6 Leru’xo1a. The 3 outer lobes of calyx bisetose at the 
base. Style 1, trifid at the apex. 
Tribe I. 
SCLERA’NTHEE (plants agreeing with Sclerdnthus in im- 
portant characters). Paronychiée, Tribe V. Sclerántheæ, D. C. 
prod. 3. p. 377. Calyx 4-5-cleft, with an urceolate tube. Petals 
wanting. Stamens 1-10, inserted in the throat of the calyx. 
Styles 2 or 1, emarginate at the apex. Fruit a 1-seeded mem- 
branous utricle, covered by the indurated tube of the calyx. 
Seed hanging from a long funicle, which arises from the bottom 
of the cell, and which is recurved at the apex.—Herbs, with op- 
posite exstipulate leaves. 
I. MNIA‘RUM (from pviapoc, mniaros, mossy ; in reference 
to the moss-like habit of the plants). Forst. gen. 1. t. 1. Lin. 
fil. suppl. 18. R. Br. prod. p. 412. St. Hil. plac. lib. p. 58. 
Juss. mem. mus. 2. p. 387. D.C. prod. 3. p. 378.—Ditoca, 
Banks ex Gaertn. fr. 2. p. 196. t. 126. 
Lin, syst. Mondndria, Digynia. Calyx 4-cleft, permanent, 
with an urceolate tube. Petals wanting. Stamen one, inserted 
in the throat of the calyx. Ovarium free, 1-seeded. Styles 2. 
Capsule valveless, membranous, covered by the indurated tube 
of the calyx. Seed one, as in Sclerdénthus.—Australian herbs. 
Leaves opposite, subulate. Peduncles axillary, bearing 4 brac- 
teas and 2 flowers at the apex, becoming after flowering elon- 
gated and stiff. The ovarium, according to Forster, is some- 
times 2-seeded. 
1 M. sırròrum (Forst. 1. c.) stems tufted; branches quite 
glabrous ; leaves denticulated at the base, the rest quite entire. 
Y. G. Native of Van Diemen’s Land, Maria Island in New 
Holland, New Zealand, and of the Straits of Magellan. R. Br. 
prod. p. 412. Forst. comm. gætt. 1789. t. 1. M. pedunculà- 
tum, Labill. nov. holl, 1. t. 2. Ditòca muscòsa, Gærtn. l. c. 
Two-flowered Mniarum. FI. June, July. Cit. 1823. Pl. ft. 
2 M. rascicuta'rum (R. Br. prod. p. 412.) stems many from 
the same neck, procumbent, branched ; branches clothed with 
fine pubescence ; leaves denticulated their whole length. 2%. G. 
Native of Van Diemen’s Land. 
Fascicled Mniarum. Pl. procumbent. í 
Cult. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand, will suit the species 
of Mniàrum, and they may be propagated either by seeds or 
cuttings, 
II. SCLERA’NTHUS (from oxAnpoc, scleros, hard, and av- 
oc, anthos, a flower ; in reference to the dry juiceless calyx). 
sp fen. no. 562. Gaertn. fruct. t. 126. R. Br. prod. 1. p. 412. 
il. pl. libr. p. 58. Juss. mem. mus. 2. p. 387. 
Lix. ae PentarDieshadtia, Diginia. Calyx 5-cleft (f. 24. 
@.), permanent, with an urceolate tube. Petals wanting. Sta- 
mens inserted in the throat of the calyx, 10 (f. 24. a.), rarely 5 
Or 2. Ovarium free, 2-seeded. Styles 2 (f. 24, ¢.). Capsu'e 
I. Mwytarum. 
II. SCLERANTHUS. 95 
very thin, valveless, covered by the indurated tube of the calyx. 
Seed one, hanging from a long funicle, which arises from the 
bottom of the capsule, and is recurved at the apex.—Small 
herbs, with opposite linear leaves, which are rather connate at 
the base. Flowers small, greenish white, sessile in the axils of 
the forks of the branches. 
1 S. pere’nnis (Lin. spec. 580.) flowers decandrous ; lobes of 
fructiferous calyx closed, obtuse, with white and membranous 
edges. /.H. Native of Europe and the Levant, in dry sandy 
fields. In England, on high open sandy fields, rare; as about 
Eldon, Suffolk, and plentifully near Snettingham, Norfolk ; near 
Bury St. Edmunds ; and Scotland, on a gravelly bank near For- 
far. Schkuhr, handb. t. 120. Fl. dan. t. 563. Smith, engl. bot. 
t. 352.—Ray, syn. p. 160. t. 5. f. 1. The Polish cochineal 
(Cóccus Polónicus) is found upon the roots in the summer 
months. 
Perennial Knawel. Fl. July, Aug. England. Pl. prostrate. 
2 S. poLyca'rrus (Lin. spec. p. 581.) flowers subdecan- 
drous ; lobes of the calyx when in fruit rather spreading, and 
without any margin, acute, shorter than the tube. ©. H. Na- 
tive in sandy fields about Montpelier, but never gathered else- 
where in France ; also of Italy, according to Linnæus.—Column. 
ecphr. 1. t.294. It differs from S. dnnuus at first sight, in the 
flowers being one-half smaller ; but it is probably merely a variety 
of it. 
Many-fruited Knawel. Pl. procumbent. 
3 S. a’nnuus (Lin. spec. p. 
580.) flowers subdecandrous ; 
lobes of fructiferous calyx spread- 
ing, immarginate, acutish, about 
equal in length to thetube. ©. 
H. Native of Europe, the Le- 
vant, also of North America, in 
dry sandy cultivated fields ; plen- 
tiful in some parts of Britain. 
Fl. dan. 504. Smith, engl. bot. t. 
851. Knawel 4nnuum, Scop. 
aos 501. There is a variety, 
according to Leers. which has 
only 5 or 7 stamens to each 
flower. The Swedes and Ger- 
mans receive the vapour arising 
from a decoction of it into their 
mouths to cure the tooth-ache. 
Annual Knawel. FI. July, Aug. Britain. 
4 S. uirsv‘rus (Presl. del, 
FIG. 24. 
PI. 4 foot. 
p- 65.) flowers with 5 petals and 
5 stamens; calyxes conniving, obtuse; stamens equalling the 
calyx in length ; anthers hairy ; stems pubescent. ©.H. Na- 
tive on Mount Etna, in the open regions. Leaves subulate, gla- 
brous. Flowers capitate. 
Hairy Knawel. PI. prostrate. 
5 S. ru’ncens (R. Br. prod. p. 412.) flowers pentandrous, 
particularly having 5 fertile and 5 sterile stamens; lobes of fruc- 
tiferous calyx spreading; leaves subulate, triquetrous, mucro- 
nate, pungent, rough on the keel and margins. ©.? H. Na- 
tive of New Holland, on the south coast. 
Pungent-leaved Knawel. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1826. PI. 
procumbent. 
6 S. pia’nper (Rr. Br. prod. p. 412.) flowers diandrous ; 
stamens mixed with scales; lobes of fructiferous calyx erect ; 
leaves subulate, keeled, mucronulate, almost naked on the keel 
and margins. ©. H. Native of Van Diemen's Land. 
Diandrous Knawel. PI. procumbent. 
Cult, The seeds of these plants only require to be sown in 
the open border. None of the species are worth cultivating ex- 
cept in botanic gardens. 
