SCLERANTHEZ. VI. LæFLINGIA. 
the Mediterranean Sea, in the sand; and of Spain, near Va- 
lentia. Perhaps sufficiently distinct from the first. 
Pentandrous Leeflingia, FI. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. Pl. 4 to4 ft. 
+ Species not sufficiently known. 
3 L. Ca’sprca (Gmel. syst. 1. p. 105.) plant smooth in every 
part. Found on the shores of the Caspian Sea, by Gmelin. 
Gmel. itin. 3. p. 310. t. 35. f. 1. 
Caspian Leeflingia. PI. + foot. 
4 L.? reniror1a (Lag. gen. et spec. p. 2.) flowers pentan- 
drous; leaves orbicularly reniform. ©. H. Native of Mexico. 
Kidney-leaved Loeflingia. PI. + foot. 
Cult. The seeds only require to be sown in the open border 
in any dry lightish soil. 
Orver CXIII. CRASSULA‘CEZ (plants agreeing with 
Crassula in important characters). D. C. bull. philom. 1801. 
no. 49. p. 1. fl. fr. ed. 3. vol. 4. p. 382. prod. 3. p. 381.—Sem- 
pervivee, Juss. gen. p. 237.—Succuléntz, Vent. tabl. vol. 3. p. 
271.—Succulénte (3, Lin. ord. nat.—Crdssule, Juss. dict. 11. 
p. 369, 
Sepals from 3 (f. 25. e.) -20 (f. 30. a.), more or less united 
at the base, and therefore the calyx is many-parted (f. 26. b.). 
Petals equal in number with the sepals (f. 25. b. f. 26. a.), and 
alternating with them, either distinct (f. 27. b.) or united into 
a gamopetalous corolla (f. 26.`a.), inserted in the bottom of 
the calyx. Stamens inserted with the petals, either equal to 
them in number (f. 25. c.) and alternating with them, or twice 
as many (f. 27. c.); those opposite the petals being shortest, 
and arriving at perfection after the others ; filaments distinct, 
subulate ; anthers oval, 2-celled, bursting lengthwise. Nectari- 
ferous scales several, one at the base of each ovarium sometimes 
obsolete. Ovaria of the same number as the petals, opposite to 
which they are placed around an imaginary axis, usually dis- 
tinct, but in some of the anomalous genera rather concrete, all 
l-celled, and tapering into 1 stigma each, opening when ripe by 
a longitudinal chink in front, but in the genus Dimérpha on the 
back. Seeds attached to the margins of the suture, in 2 rows, 
variable in number. Albumen thin, fleshy. Embryo straight 
in the axis of the albumen, having the radicle directed to the 
hilum.—Fleshy herbs or shrubs. Leaves entire or pinnatifid, 
without stipulas. Flowers usually in cymes, sometimes rising 
in the forks, often arranged unilaterally along the divisions of 
the cymes. 
The plants contained in this order are all remarkable for the 
succulent nature of their stems and leaves, in which they re- 
semble Cactee, Portulàceæ, and certain genera of E uphorbidcee, 
&e. but this analogy goes no farther. Their real affinity is 
Probably with Sazxifragee, through Penthdrum, which is not 
Succulent, like the rest of the genera; and with Paronychiée, 
through Tille‘a, as De Candolle has remarked. In both those 
orders, the nectariferous scales of Crassulacee are wanting. 
De Candolle observes (mem. crass. p. 5.) that there is no in- 
Stance of a double flower in the order, although this might have 
expected from their analogy in structure with Caryophyl- 
®. Sempervivum tectorum almost constantly exhibits the sin- 
gular Phenomenon of anthers bearing ovules instead of pollen. 
VOL. m1, 
CRASSULACEZ. 97 
These plants are found in the driest situations, where not a 
blade of grass nor a particle of moss can grow, on naked rocks, 
old walls, sandy hot plains, alternately exposed to the heaviest 
dews of night, and the fiercest rays of the noon-day sun. Soil 
is to them a something to keep them stationary, rather than a 
source of nutriment, which in these plants is conveyed by my- 
riads of mouths, invisible to the naked eye, but covering all 
their surface, to the juicy beds of cellular tissue which lie be- 
neath them. 
Refrigerent and abstergent properties, mixed sometimes with 
a good deal of acridity, distinguish them. The fishermen of 
Madeira rub their nets with the fresh leaves of Sempervivum 
glutindsum, by which they are rendered as durable as if tanned, 
provided they are steeped in some alkaline liquor. Malic acid 
exists in Sempervivum tectorum, combined with lime.—Turner, 
p. 634, 
Synopsis of the genera. 
Trise I. 
Crassuta'cEz LEGIYTIMÆ. Carpella distinct, opening when 
mature by a longitudinal fissure in front (f. 26, b.). 
1 Tittz's. Divisions of calyx, petals, and stamens 3-4 (f. 
25. a. b.c.). Nectariferous scales none or very small. Car- 
pels 3-4 (f. 25. d.), constricted in the middle, 2-seeded. 
2 Burua’rpa. Divisions of calyx, petals and stamens 4. 
Nectariferous scales 4, linear. Carpels 4, many-seeded. 
3 Dasyste’mon. Sepals 3-7, filiform, unequal, hardly joined 
at the base. Petals 3-7, often 5, hardly joined at the base, 
rather revolute at the apex. Stamens 3-7; filaments thick. 
Carpels 3-5. 
4 Se’pras. Calyx 5-9-parted. Petals 5-9, stellately spreading. 
Stamens 5-9; filaments slender. Scales 5-9, small, roundish. 
Carpels 5-9, many-seeded. 
5 Cra’ssuta. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, distinct. Stamens 
5; filaments subulate. Scales 5. Carpels 5, many-seeded. 
6 Purcòsia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, imbricating at the 
base. Stamens 5; scales 5, emarginate. Carpels 5, gibbous 
on the outside, and flat inside, many-seeded. 
7 Grosu'tea. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, bearing a waxy 
globule each at the apex. Stamens 5. Scales 5. Carpels 5. 
8 Currto'eyne. Calyx 5-parted. Petals united into a 5- 
parted corolla. Stamens 5. Scales 5. Ovaria 5, gibbous at 
the apex, ending each in a long sublateral style. 
9 Gramma’ntues. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla gamopetalous ; 
lobes 5, rarely 6, expanded. Stamens 5-6, inserted in the tube 
of the corolla. Scales none. Carpels 5. 
10 Rocuea. Calyx 5-lobed. Petals 5, united into a gamo- 
petalous corolla, with a spreading 5-lobed limb. Stamens 5. 
Glands and carpels 5. 
11 Kaxosa’nrues. Calyx 5-lobed (f. 26. 6.). Petals united 
into a 5-parted corolla (f. 26. a.), with the tube cylindrical, 2 or 
3 times longer than the spreading limb, Stamens 5, inserted 
in the tube of the corolla. Glands and carpels 5. 
12 Katancndz. Calyx 4-parted ; sepals hardly united at 
the base. Corolla gamopetalous, with a 4-parted, spreading 
o 
