248 UMBELLIFERZ. 
reflexed. Fruit nearly globose ; mericarps solid, hemispherical : 
with 5 primary, filiform, usually obliterated ribs, without any 
Carpophore bipartite, free in the 
Seed hollowed in 
secondary ribs or vitte. 
middle, but adnate at the base and apex. 
front.—Involucra and involucels composed of linear leaves. 
Susorper I. ORTHOSPE’RM (from 
Albumen flat on the inner side, neither involute, nor convolute. 
§ 1. Umbels simple or imperfect. Fruit destitute of vitte. 
"ribe I. 
HYDROCOTY’LEZ (plants agreeing with Hydrocétyle in 
important characters), or Orthospérmez, Imperféctee, Umbel- 
late, Comprésse, D. C. prod. 4. p. 58.—Hydrocotylee, Spreng. 
in Schultes, syst. 6. 
many genera. 
or mericarps convex, rarely acute; the 5 primary ribs or nerves 
becoming immediately obsolete: lateral ribs marginating, or 
thrown back into the flat commissure : secondary ones permanent 
and filiform, sometimes absent or nearly so. Albumen flattish 
in front. Petals spreading, entire, acute, straight, or rather in- 
flexed at the point. This tribe represents the forms of nearly 
all in the different genera ; it is distinguished from nearly all the 
suborder Orthospérme, in the umbels of flowers being imper- 
fect; from Sanicùleæ in the lateral compression of the fruit, 
and from Mulinee in the commissure not being gradually con- 
tracted. 
I. HYDROCO’TYLE (from idwo, hydor, water, and korvàn, 
kotyle, a cavity; in reference to the plants growing in moist 
situations, and in the leaves being hollowed like a bowl). Tourn. 
inst. t. 173. Thunb. diss. 1798. in diss. ed. Pers. 2. p. 410. 
Spreng. umb. prod. p. 10. A. Rich. diss. 1820. in ann. sc. 
phys. vol. 4. p. 1. Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 102. Koch, umb. p. 144. 
f. 64. and 65. D.C. coll. mem. v. p. 26.—Hydrocétyle and 
Chondrocarpus (or Glycéria), Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p: 177. 
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Tube of calyx rather com- 
pressed : limb with an obsolete margin. Petals ovate, entire, 
acute, with a straight apex. Fruit flatly compressed from the 
sides, biscutate. Mericarps or carpella without vittee : having 
the 5 ribs or nerves nearly filiform: the carinal and lateral ones 
usually obsolete, and the 2 intermediate ones joined. Seed 
carinately compressed.— Usually slender bog herbs, rarely sub- 
shrubs. Umbel simple, surrounded by a few-leaved involu- 
crum. Flowers sessile or pedicellate, white. This genus is 
composed of a heterogeneous mass of species, and is therefore 
probably divisible into several genera. 
Secr. I. Eunyproco’tyte (this section is supposed to contain 
the true species of the genus). D.C. prod. 4. p. 59. Hydro- 
cétyle, Lin. gen. no. 325. Stems herbaceous, of nearly all the 
species, creeping. Fruit compressed ; mericarps furnished with 
1-2 ribs on each side. : 
§ 1. Leaves peltate. 
1 H. wrerrv’pta (Muhl. cat. p. 10.) leaves peltate, doubly 
crenated, 11-nerved, and are, as well as the petioles, glabrous ; 
flowers disposed in many, rather distant whorles: ultimate ones 
umbellate; fruit rather attenuated at the base, coloured. XY. B, 
H. Native of Carolina, Porto-Rico, Cape of Good Hope, 
Japan, New Holland, Sandwich Islands, &c. in marshy places. 
H. vulgaris, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 161. H. verticillata, 
Thunb. diss. 2. p. 415. t3. H. vulgaris B, Rich. 1. ¢. t. 50. 
f.1.b. H. comminis, Cham. et Schlecht. in Linnea. 1. p. 356. 
opSoc, orthos, 
straight, and ovepya, sperma, a seed). D.C. prod. 4. p. 58. 
p. 32. Koch, umb. p. 141. exclusive of 
Fruit contracted from the sides ; back of carpella 
I. Hyprocotyte. 
Var. B, tuberdsa (D. C. prod. 4. p. 59.) stems tumid at the 
nodes, and tuberous. 
Var. y, platyphylla (D. C. prod. 4. p. 667.) leaves 11-13- 
nerved, twice the size. %. H. Native of Tropical Africa, in 
marshes at Cayor. 
Interrupted-flowered Penny-wort. Fl. May, June. Pl. er. 
2 H. vurea‘ris (Lin. spec. p. 338.) leaves peltate, orbicular, 
doubly crenated, 9-nerved ; petioles pilose at the apex ; umbels 
capitate, usually 5-flowered ; fruit somewhat emarginate at the 
base, of one colour. 2%. B. H. Native nearly throughout the 
whole of Europe, in marshy boggy places, and on the margins of 
clear rivulets, particularly on a peat soil; plentiful in some parts 
of Britain; also of North America, in Canada. FI. dan. t. 90. 
Smith, engl. bot. t. 751. Curt. lond. 6. t. 19. Schkuhr, handb. 
t. 59. Rich. hydr. no. 1. t. 50. f. 1. and t. 52. f. 1. exclusive of 
the variety. Stems creeping, rooting at the nodi. Peduncles of 
the umbels or scapes much shorter than the petioles. Flowers 
reddish white or rose-coloured. There is a variety, but it Is 
rather rare, with smooth petioles, and with the limbs emarginate 
at the base or nearly entire, and with the scapes drawn out be- 
yond the umbels of flowers, and bearing 2 umbels each. Gerarde 
calls this plant water penny-wort, sheep-killing penny-grass ; m 
the north of England it is calied white-rot, to distinguish it from 
red-rot ; in Norfolk flowk-wort, from its being supposed to occa- 
sion the flukes in the liver of rotten sheep; and by the husband- 
man sheep’s-bane, “ because it killeth sheep that do eat thereof. 
This, however, is a vulgar error; for the rot in sheep is owing 
to their feeding in wet grounds, and perhaps to an insect (the 
Fascidla hepática), which from its shape is called a fluke or 
flounder, and abounds in such situations, adhering to stones and 
plants, as well as to the liver and biliary ducts of sheep af 
fected with the rot. This, together with Drésera or Sunden, 
and Pinguicula or Butter-wort, are common in marshy places, and 
therefore the rot in sheep has been ascribed to these; but 1t 38 
pretty certain that neither sheep nor any other quadruped feed 
on these plants. 
Common Penny-wort. Fl. May, June. Britain. Pl. cr- 
3 H. rusrrra (Rich. hydro. p. 27. t. 52. f. 2.) plant rather 
hairy ; leaves orbicular, not emarginate at the base, obsoletely 
crenated, 7-nerved; flowers umbellate ; umbels hardly contam- 
ing so many as 12 flowers; scapes equal in length to the petioles. 
Y.F. Native about Monte Video, in arid places; and on 
shady rocks at Rio Paquaquer, in the province of Rio Janeiro; 
also of Buenos Ayres. Cham. et Schlecht. in Linnza. 1. p. 
357. Flowers small. Petioles biauriculate at the base, and as 
if they were minutely stipulate (Rich.). Fruit smooth; meri- 
carps marked with a single elevated line on each side. The 
Buenos Ayrean plant differs from the Brazilian one in being per- 
fectly glabrous. 
Small Penny-wort. Pl. creeping. 
4 H. mopr'sra (Cham. et Schlecht. l. c. p. 358.) leaves on 
long petioles, orbicularly reniform, glabrous, 9-nerved ; petioles 
pilose at the apex, as well as the young branches; umbels on 
short peduncles, many rayed; fruit small, emarginate at bot! 
ends. ¥. B. F. Native of Brazil, in the province of Monte 
Video; and of Chili about Valparaiso. Petioles 3-12 inches 
long. Peduncles an inch long, rarely more, and sometimes only 
3 lines. Fruit smaller than in any other species ; mericarps 
marked with a hardly elevated line on the sides. 
Modest Pennywort. PI. er. 
5 H. Bargaro’ssa (Cham. et Schlecht. l. e. p. 360.) leaves 
on long petioles, peltate, orbicular, 8-nerved, 8-lobed, and cre- 
nated, and are, as well as the petioles, clothed with rufous hairs; * 
umbels on long peduncles, many (50-60) rayed; fruit nearly 
globose, ovoid, rather emarginate, acutely ribbed. X. F. 7 
tive of Brazil, in shady woods near New Friburg. Petioles 4 
