264 
3 flowers; central one hermaphrodite, fertile, sessile: 2 lateral 
ones male, pedicellate; the pedicels rather concrete at the base, 
with the calyx of the fertile or central flower. Male flowers 
with the tube of the calyx almost wanting, but with an obsolete 
somewhat 5-toothed limb; petals oval-oblong, acute at both 
ends, inflexed at the apex; stamens 5, alternating with the 
petals, and longer than them. Female or hermaphrodite flowers, 
having the tube of the calyx ovate and compressed, and the 
limb obsolete: petals the same shape as those of the male 
flowers, rather membranous, permanent; stamens 5, caducous ; 
styles 2, filiform, divaricate, very long; fruit ovate, compressed, 
8-nerved, with 3 nerves on each side, particularly one central, 
indicating where the raphe is, 2 in the middle, and 2 more con- 
spicuous, seated on the dorsal angle of the mericarps. Meri- 
carps and carpophore not distinct. Fruit empty gr containing 
one ovulum, from one of the mericarps being abortive.—Herb 
perennial, smooth. Root or rhizoma like that of 4déxa or 
Hacquétia. Leaf radical, on a long petiole, rather peltate, 5- 
parted: partitions oval-cuneated, somewhat 3-lobed at the apex, 
and toothed : teeth mucronate. Stem solitary, hardly half a foot 
high, bearing at the apex 2 almost sessile opposite 3-lobed tooth- 
ed leaves. Branches 2, bifid at the apex. Bracteas or leaves 
of involucrum 2, opposite, oblong, acute, mucronately serrated, 
seated just under the branches. Branches or rays of umbel 2, 
short, bearing each 3 flowers at the apex, furnished with 2 small 
bracteas under the ramifications. This very singular genus is 
allied to Hacquétia and Sanicula. 
1 P. sanicur@roria (Guss. l.c.) 2%. H. Native of Sicily, 
in groves by the sides of rivulets, in cool places. Sison Gusso- 
nianum, Balb. herb. Sison Gussonii, Spreng. cur. post. 
Sanicle-leaved Petagnia. PI. 4 foot. 
Cult. See Hacquétia, p. 265. for culture and propagation. 
XXVI. SANI'CULA (from sano, to heal or cure; supposed 
healing effects of the S. Europe‘a). Tourn. inst. p. 326. t. 173. 
Lin. gen. no. 826. Lam. ill. 191. Hoffm. umb. prod. 65. t. 1. 
f. 1. Spreng. umb. p. 24. Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 105. Koch. umb. 
p. 139. D.C. coll. mem. v. p. 35. 
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Tube of calyx echinated ; 
lobes foliaceous (f. 59. c.), permanent. Petals erect, conniving, 
obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point (f. 59. g.). Fruit 
nearly globose, not separable into 2 parts spontaneously ; meri- 
carps destitute of ribs, but furnished with many vittee, and densely 
clothed with hooked prickles ; carpophore not distinct. Seed semi- 
globose.—Perennial herbs. Leaves radical, petiolate, palmate 
lobed : lobes cuneated, deeply toothed at the apex. Stems either 
naked or furnished with a very, few leaves. General umbel with 
few rays; leaves of involucrum few, and usually divided. Um- 
bellules of many rays; leaves of involucel many, entire. Flowers 
male, female, and hermaphrodite in the same umbel. 
Sect. I. Saxrcra (an alteration from the generic name). 
Tube of calyx echinated. Leaves palmate lobed. 
1 S. Europæ`a (Lin. spec. 339.) leaves radical, palmate- 
parted; lobes trifid, toothed; flowers polygamous, all nearly 
sessile, disposed in umbellules; lobes of calyx denticulated. 
u.H. Native throughout the whole of Europe and Caucasus, 
in woods and groves, and particularly by the sides of rivulets. 
Oed. fl. dan. 293. Schkuhr, handb. t. 60. Hoffm. umb. p. 67. 
Smith, engl. bot. t. 98. Blackw. herb. t. 63. S. officinarum, 
Neck. gallob. p. 137. Astrantia Diapénsia, Scop. carn. 304. S. 
mas. Fuchs. hist. p. 671. S. officinalis, Gouan, hort. 131, 
Caticalis Sanicula, Crantz. Flowers white or tinged with red, 
sessile, disposed in little heads. The plant was much celebrated 
formerly as a vulnerary. It discovers to the taste a bitterness 
and roughness. It has, however, been long discarded in medi- 
UMBELLIFERAE. XXV. Peraenia. 
XXVI. Sanicura. 
cine, and in Sir James Smith’s opinion it seems to partake of that 
poisonous acrimony, which is found in most umbelliferous plants 
growing in a moist rich soil. 
Var. B, Capénsis (Cham. et Schlecht. in Linnea. 1. p. 253.) 
plant taller than the species ; stems leafy, branched ; panicle 
dichotomous. 2%.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. S$, 
Canadénsis, Thunb. fl. cap. 254. exclusive of the synonymes. 
Perhaps a proper species. 
European Sanicle. Fl. June, July. Britain. Pl. 14 foot. 
2 S. Maryza’npica (Lin. spec. 339.) leaves quinately digi- 
tate, deeply serrated: lower ones pedate, on long petioles; 
flowers polygamous: male ones pedicellate ; lobes of calyx en- 
tire. 2.H. Native of North America, and as far as the Sas- 
katchawan ; Newfoundland ; undulating gravelly soils, near Fort 
Vancouver; as well as of Carolina, Maryland, and Pennsyl- 
vania. Jacq. icon. rar. t. 348. Lam. ill. t. 91. f. 2. S. Cana- 
dénsis, Lin. spec. p. 339. Flowers whitish or yellowish. 
Maryland Sanicle. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1765. Pl. 2 feet. 
3 S. Mexica‘na (D.C. prod. 4. p. 84.) radical leaves, as 
well as the cauline ones, palmate; leaflets on short petioles, 
rather cuneated at the base : lateral leaflets parted: middle one, 
and inner lobe of the lateral ones, somewhat trifid: all cuspi- 
dately toothed, and quite smooth; umbels 3-rayed ; rays hardly 
longer than the floral leaf; male flowers on short pedicels. %- 
H. Native of Mexico, between Tampico and Real del Monte. 
Stem simple, hardly a foot high, furnished with 3-4 alternate 
leaves. Allied to S. Maryldndica, but differs as above. 
Mexican Sanicle. Pl. 1 foot. 
4 S. Lrserra (Cham. et Schlecht. in Linnea. 1. p. 253.) 
leaves 5-parted; partitions cuneated, 3-lobed, deeply serrated ; 
serratures cuspidate by bristles; flowers polygamous : male 
ones few, on capillary pedicels: female ones sessile. Y. © 
Native of South America, near Caripe; and of Chili near Tal- 
caguano and Conception ; valleys near Valparaiso, where it 8 
called Pato de Leon by the natives. 
diar. no. 227. pl. exsic. no. 92. Plant 4 feet high. 
Freed Sanicle. Pl. 4 feet. : 
5 S. Mewzie's (Hook. et Arn. in Beech. bot. voy. p- 142.) 
plant caulescent ; leaves on long petioles, cordate, deeply trifid: 
S. crassicatlis, Poepp. | 
segments broad, obovate, cuneated, variously lobed, deeply ser- 
rated : serratures very acute, ending each in a bristly point; 
umbels rather compound ; leaves of involucels lanceolate, acute, 
equal in length to the umbellules. 2%. H. Native of the north- 
west coast of America; on the banks of the Columbia m dry 
sandy places; as well as of California. Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. 
p. 290. t. 90. Root fusiform. Plant smooth. Stem leafy, pa- 
nicled at the apex. Male flowers on short pedicels. Segments 
of cauline leaves lanceolate. 
Menzies’s Sanicle. Pl. 1 to 14 foot. 
6 S. exa‘ra (Hamilt. ex D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 183.) leaves 
ternate or tripartite, glabrous; segments or leaflets sessile, 
ovate, acute, lobed, and serrated, cuneated at the base: late : 
segments usually 2-parted; stem dichotomous at the apex: 
umbels trifid, few-flowered; flowers polygamous : male ee 
pedicellate. 2/.H. Native of Nipaul. S. Canadénsis, Thunb. 
fl. jap. p. 116. Stem 1-2 feet high, erect, simple. 
Tall Sanicle. Pl. 1 to 2 feet. 
7 S. wermarnropr'ra (Hamilt. ex D. Don, prod. fl. nep p 
183.) leaves ternate, glabrous ; leaflets ovate, acute at both ends, 
lobed, and serrated ; umbels trifid, usually 5-flowered ; age 
all hermaphrodite and sessile. 141. H. Native of Upper Nipawls 
at Suembu. Stem erect, branched, slender, flexuous, 4 span 
high or more. 
Hermaphrodite Sanicle. Pl. 4 to 1 foot. te 
8 S. Java’nica (Blum. bijdr. p. 832.) leaves palmately 6) 
lobed, setaceously serrated; lobes rather trifid; male flowe 
