266 UMBELLIFERZ. XXVIII. ASTRANTIA. 
Smaller Master-wort. Clt. 1686. 
į foot. 
2 A. paucrrLora (Bertol, journ. bot. 1813. p. 76. am. itin. 
96. and 347.) leaves palmate ; segments 5-7, entire at the base, 
but finely and sharply serrated from the middle to the apex ; 
leaves of involucrum entire, exceeding the umbel. 4%. H. Na- 
tive of the mountains of Abruzzo and Naples. Very like 4. 
minor. There is a variety having the segments of the leaves 
linear or oval-oblong. 
Few-flowered Master-wort. Fl. June, July. Clt.1820. Pl. 1 ft. 
3 A. Carnio'Lica (Jacq. fl. austr. 6. t. 10.) radical leaves 
palmate-parted: lobes 5-7, oblong, acuminated, unequally ser- 
rated, toothed; leaves of involucrum 12-13, quite entire, 
exceeding the umbel. 2. H. Native of Carinthia, Car- 
niola, in alpine meadows. Sturm, deutschl. fl. with a figure. 
A. major P, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 341. A. minor, 
Scop. fl. carn. no. 305. t. 7. Smith, exot. bot. 2. t. 77. Habit 
of A. minor, but with the character of 4. major. Leaves of in- 
volucrum white, with a green line running along the middle of each, 
tinged with red. Petals white. Cauline leaves 3-lobed or simple. 
Root dark brown, having an aromatic balsamic smell, with a 
taste at first slightly aromatic, but nauseous, and afterwards acid. 
Carniolan Master-wort. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1812. Pl. 4 
to 1 foot. 
4 A. ma‘yor (Lin. spec. p. 339.) radical leaves palmate- 
parted: lobes 5, ovate-lanceolate, acute, rather trifid, toothed, 
ciliated with bristles ; leaves of involucrum 15-20, linear-lanceo- 
late, quite entire, hardly longer than the umbel. %. H. Na- 
tive nearly throughout the whole of Europe and Eastern Cauca- 
sus, in mountain meadows and woods. Lam. ill. t. 191. f. 1. 
Nees, off. pfl. 12. t. 6. Hayn. arz. gew. 1. t. 13. Smith, exot. 
bot. 2. t. 76.- Rivin. t. 68. Plenck, icon. t. 225. A. nìgra, Lob. 
icon. t. 681. Scop. carn. no. 306. Blackw. t. 470. A. cándida, 
Mill. dict. no. 2. A. alpina, Munt. phyt. t. 111. Helléborus 
nìger, Gard. aix. t. 46. A. màjor a, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 
6. p. 341. 
Var. a; leaves of involucel white ; flowers white. 
Var. (3; leaves of involucel purplish; flowers tinged with red. 
Larger Master-wort. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1596. Pl. 1 to 2 ft. 
5 A. INTERMEDIA (Bieb. suppl. p. 194.) radical leaves pal- 
mate-parted: lobes 5, rarely only 3, oval-oblong, deeply biser- 
rated, and ciliated with bristles ; cauline leaves nearly palmate ; 
leaves of involucrum 12-13, oblong-lanceolate, bearing from 
1 to 3 spines each at the apex, exceeding the umbel a little. 
. H. Native of Caucasus, in mountain meadows. A. 
trifida, Hoffm. umb. ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 8. A. Caucasica, Spreng. 
umb. p. 17. syst. 8. p. 874. exclusive of the synonymes. Flowers 
ink ? 
i Var. B; leaves of involucel nearly entire. %. H. Native 
of Caucasus and the mountains of Naples. A. major, Bieb. fi. 
and suppl. no. 509. 
Intermediate Master-wort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. Pl. 1 ft. 
6 A. HELLEBORIFÒLIA (Salisb. par. lond. 1. t. 60.) radical 
leaves palmate-parted ; lobes 3, ovate-lanceolate, unequally ser- 
rated, ciliated with bristles; leaves of involucrum 12-13, ovate- 
lanceolate, exceeding the umbel a little, ciliated with bristles their 
whole length. %. H. Native of Eastern Caucasus, in the more 
elevated meadows. A. máxima, Pall. nov. act. petrop. 7. p. 
357. t. 11. Sims, bot. mag. 1553. A. heterophylla, Willd. nov. 
act. berol. 3. p. 419. Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 202. suppl. p. 196. 
Involucrum and flowers pink. There are varieties of this species 
having the cauline leaves either 3-lobed or undivided. 
Hellebore-leaved Master-wort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1804. 
Pl. 1 to 2 feet. : 
Cult. The species of this genus grow well in any common 
garden soil, and are well adapted for ornamenting flower-borders, 
Fl. May, June. Pl. 4 to 
XXIX. 
Averipea. XXX. Horsrietrpra. XXXI. Erynervm. 
being rather pretty ; they are easily increased by dividing at the | 
root. A. minor and A. Carnidlica, being more tender than the | 
rest, should be grown in pots, and placed among other alpine | 
plants. 
XXIX. ALEPI’DEA (meaning unknown to us). Laroch, 
eryng. p. 19. t. 1. D.C. prod. 4. p. 87.—Astrantia species of 
Lin. fil. 
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Tube of calyx beset with 
minute tubercles. Petals inflexed. Transverse section of fruit 
terete, ovate, tubercular on the outside ; mericarps without ribs, 
and without vittee; carpophore adnate its whole length to the 
seeds.—An herb, with the habit of Erýngium nudicaiile, native | 
of the Cape of Gcod Hope. Radical leaves petiolate, oblong, 
ciliately toothed from spinescent bristles. Stems nearly naked, 
branched, umbellate at the apex. Leaves under the branches 
small, and stem-clasping. ` Umbels like those of Astrantia. An 
intermediate genus between Astrdntia and Eryngium. 
1 A. crzta‘rts (Laroch. 1. c.) 4%. G. Native of the Cape of 
Good Hope. Tratt. arch. t. 204. Astrantia ciliaris, Lin. fil. 
suppl. 177. Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 196. Jasiòne Capénsis, Berg. 
act. ups. 3. p. 187. t. 10. Umbel 3-rayed, surrounded by a 
2-3-leaved involucrum. Leaves of involucel 10, coloured, broad- | 
lanceolate, acute, longer than the flowers. 
Ciliated-leaved Alepidea. Pl. 1 foot. es 
Cult. Any light rich soil will suit this plant, and it will be 
easily increased by dividing at the root. 
XXX. HORSFIE’LDIA (in honour of Thomas Horsfield, 
M.D. F.R.S. F.L.S. &c. ; author of numerous works on Indian 
zoology). Blum. mss. but not of Willd. D. C. prod. 4. p- 87.— 
Schubértia, Blum. bijdr. p. 884. but not of Mart. nor Mirb. 
Liy. syst. Pentándria, Diginia. Margin of calyx obsolete, 
quite entire. Petals ovate, cuspidate, flat. Fruit compressed, 
villous; mericarps 3-ribbed on the back.—A_ prickly shrub. | 
Leaves cordate, 5-lobed : upper ones 3-lobed, clothed with stel- 
late tomentum beneath. Panicle terminal, densely clothed with 
stellate tomentum. Umbels capitate, sessile, surrounded by 4 
many-leaved involucrum ; receptacle of flowers chafty. 
1 H. ACULEATA (Blum. 1. c.) 
Gompong. The rest unknown. 
Prickly Horsfieldia. Shrub. 
_ Cult. ` Any light rich soil will suit this shrub, and cuttings | 
will be easily rooted in the same kind of earth under a hand- | 
glass, in heat. 
XXXI. ERY’NGIUM (from epevyw, ereugo, to belch. Dios- 
corides declares that the plant is a specific for all complaints 
arising from flatulence). Tourn. inst. p. 327. t. 173. Lin. gen. — 
no. 324, Geertn. fruct. 1. p. 77. t. 20. Laroch. eryng. 1. vol. in 
fol. Par. 1808. Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 105. Koch, diss. p. 139. m 
nov. act. nat. cur. 12. p. 1. 
Lin. syst. Pentándria, Digynia. Tube of calyx rough from 
vesicles and scales; lobes 5, foliaceous. Petals erect, conni- 
vent, oblong-obovate : bent in from the middle by a segment a8 
long as the limb of the petal, which consequently appears emar- | 
ginate. Fruit obovate, scaly or tubercular, with the transverse set- 
tion nearly terete ; mericarps semi-terete, without ribs, and with- 
out vittee; carpophore adnate its whole length to the seeds. 
Herbs, usually perennial and spiny. Radical leaves, as well as the 
cauline ones, sheathing more or less at the base. Flowers con” 
gregated into oblong or roundish dense heads. Lower bracteas 
usually the largest, and forming an involucrum round the he 
of flowers ; the rest like chaff, mixed among the flowers. 
§ 1. Ramosinérvia (from ramosus, branched, and nervus, ê 
kh. S. Native of Java, o | 
Mount Tjerimai, in the province of Cheribon, where it is called | 
