272 
subulate, hardly different from the palee. 2%. G. Native of 
the south of Brazil. Stem fistular at the base. 
Bundle-flowered Eryngo. Pl. 1 foot. . 
58 E. aroma’ricum (Baldw. in Ell. sketch. 1. p. 344.) leaves 
cuspidate, pinnate, trifid at the apex, with cartilaginous mar- 
gins; stem leafy, bearing many heads, corymbose ; leaves of 
involucrum 5, trifid, about equal in length to the head of flowers; 
palez tricuspidate. 2/. H. Native of Florida, in dry pine 
woods. Stems 9-10 inches high, numerous. Root aromatic. 
Aromatic-rooted Eryngo. PI. 1 foot. 
59 E. Færum (Lin. spec. p. 336. exclusive of the syn. of 
Gron.) radical leaves lanceolate, bluntish, attenuated at the base, 
spinulosely serrated; floral leaves palmate-parted, sessile ; heads 
nearly sessile, cylindrical ; leaves of involucrum lanceolate, 
spiny-serrated, much longer than the heads; paleæ among the 
flowers entire. 2%. S. Native of Jamaica, Cayenne, Deme- 
rara, Florida, Brazil, &c. in fields and woods. Laroch. eryng. 
p- 50. Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 163. Sloane, hist. 1. t. 156. 
f. 3-4.—Herm. lugd. t. 237. Plant with an ungrateful odour 
when bruised. Flowers white. Calyx ornamented with round- 
ish vesicles, not scales. The radical leaves are sometimes trifid 
at the apex in the plants we have seen growing in Brazil. The 
plant named E. fæ'tidum by Ucria, a native of Sicily, is pro- 
bably distinct from this. All parts of the plant are reckoned 
very powerful antihysterics, and much used by the negroes and 
poorer whites on all occasions of that nature, whence they call 
it fiimeed. It is chiefly administered in decoctions or infusions. 
Fetid Eryngo. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1714. Pl. 1 foot. 
60 E. He'yxer (Presl, in herb. Henke, ex D.C. prod. 4. 
p- 94.) radical leaves lanceolate, 1-nerved, obtuse, attenuated at 
the base, furnished with spiny serratures from the base to the 
apex; cauline leaves pinnatifidly serrated, palmately lobed at 
the apex: floral ones short, half stem-clasping ; cymes twice 
forked; heads terminal,, roundish; leaves of involucrum 5, 
much longer than the head of flowers, lanceolate-subulate, en- 
tire. 2%. G. Native of Mexico, in grassy places towards 
Jalapa. E. Schiedeanum, Cham. et Schlecht. in Linnæa. 5. p. 
206. Habit of E. pusillum on the one hand, and of E. fee’ tidum 
or E. virgatum on the other. 
Henke’s Eryngo. Pl. 1 to 3 feet. 
61 E. virca‘tum (Lam. dict. 4. p. 757.) leaves all on very 
short petioles, ovate, toothed: lower ones hardly subcordate at 
the base; stem very simple, but branched divaricately at the 
apex; leaves of involucrum 6-7, linear, furnished with 1 tooth 
on each side, exceeding the head of flowers, which is globose ; 
paleze among the flowers tricuspidate. 1%. H. Native of North 
America, in New Jersey, Carolina, and Georgia, in moist mea- 
dows and woods. Laroch. eryng. p. 40. t. 20. Tratt. arch. 
t. 781. E. ovalifolium, Michx: fl. bor. amer: 1. p. 165. 
Flowers pale blue? 
Twiggy Eryngo. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1810. Pl. 1 foot. 
62 E. Vircinra‘num (Lam. dict. 3. p. 759.) leaves linear- 
lanceolate, a little serrated ; leaves of involucrum 7-8, longer 
than the head of flowers, entire or trifid; pale among the 
flowers tricuspidate. &. H. Native of North America, in 
pastures, by the sides of rivers, and in marshes which are inun- 
dated by the sea. Laroch. eryng. p. 48. t. 19. Tratt. arch. 
t. 782. Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 189. E. aquaticum, Michx. 
fi. bor. amer. 1. p. 163. E. aquaticum , Lin. spec. p. 336.— 
Piuk. alm. t. 396. f. 3. Stem fistular. Heads of flowers pale 
blue. 
Virginian Eryngo. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt.? Pl. 2 feet. 
63 E. microce’pHaLtum (Willd. herb. no. 5558. Spreng. 
syst. 1. p. 871.) radical leaves oblong, glaucescent beneath, with 
cartilaginously crenated margins, having the recesses between the 
crenæ glandular; cauline leaves very few; peduncles elongated, 
UMBELLIFER. 
XXXI. Eryneium. 
naked; leaves of involucrum with cartilaginous margins, lan- 
ceolate, ending in spiny points, shorter than the head of flowers, 
which is small. 3%. G. Native of South America, according 
to Humb. trav. but the particular place is unknown. Leaves 14 
inches long, and 5-6 lines broad. Heads 3 lines in diameter, 
Palez not different from the leaves of the involucrum, unless 
that they are smaller, longer, and terminated by a mucrone, but 
without the cartilaginous margins. 
Small-headed Eryngo. PI. 1 foot. 
64 E. pepre’ssum (Hook. et Arn. l. c. 3. p. 351.) plant stem- 
less; radical leaves linear-oblong, spatulate, spiny-toothed, 
having the nerves in the limb branched, with the branches di- 
verging ; branches of stem tufted, diffuse, dichotomous, nu- 
merous from the neck of the plant; heads of flowers termin- 
ating the branches, and in the forks ; leaves of involucrum and 
palez subulate, about equal, spiny, and entire, or furnished with | 
a short spine on each side at the middle, much exceeding the 
flowers, which are sessile. ©. H. Native of Chiloe; and of 
Chili, near Valparaiso, in Vina de la Mar. 
Var. a, rigidum (Hook. et Arn. 1. c.) branches stiff, forked a 
little, about equal in Jength to the leaves. 
Var. B, fláccidum (Hook. et Arn. 1. c.) branches elongated, 
slender, trichotomously divided. Chili at Valparaiso and Casa 
Blanca. 
Depressed Eryngo. PI. 4 foot. 
65 E. anématum (Hook. et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 350.) 
root simple ; leaves coarsely serrate-toothed at the apex : radical 
ones roundish, cuneated at the base, petiolate: upper cauline 
ones cuneated ; heads on short peduncles; leaves of involucrum 
and chaff about equal, oblong, spiny-mucronate, quite entire, 
much exceeding the flowers, which are sessile ; fruit papillose 
from vesicles. ©. H. Native of Chili, about Valparaiso. 
The fruit and the paleæ among the flowers has induced the 
authors to refer this plant to Eryngium, to which its appearance 
is altogether foreign. 
Anomalous Eryngo. Pl. 4 to 1 foot. 
§ 2. Parallelinérvia (from parallelus, parallel, and nervus, 4 
nerve; nerves of leaves parallel). D.C. prod. 4. p 
of radical leaves parallel and longitudinal. Leaves narrow, 
probably reduced to the dilated petioles. 
66 E. aqua’ricum (Lin. spec. 336. var. a. exclusive of the 
syn. of Gron.) leaves broadly linear, with parallel nerves, re- 
motely spiny-ciliated : lower leaves rather ensiform : floral ones 
lanceolate, toothed ; leaves of invalucrum 8-9, shorter than the 
head of flowers, which is globose, and are as well as the paleæ 
entire ; stems dichotomous. ¥.H. Native of North Ame 
from Pennsylvania to Virginia; also of the Society Islands, 
California, and Buenos Ayres, in marshes, inundated pastan 
and on the banks of rivers. Jacq. icon. rar. t. 347. er. 7 
eryng. p. 5. Ker. bot. reg. t. 372. E. yucceefolium, Mic r 
fl. bor. 1. p. 164.—Pluk. alm. t. 975. f. 4.—Mor. ox. 3. P. a 
sect. 7. t. 37. f. 21. Stem erect, 2-3 feet high, terete, simpié 
below. Flowers white, or very pale blue. In North Ane 
the plant is called Rattle-snake-mweed, from its use in curing be 
bite of that venomous reptile. 
Aquatic Eryngo. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1699. $ 
67 E. toneironium (Cav. ann. 2. p. 133. icon. 6. t. ioe 
leaves broadly linear, with parallel nerves, remotely spiny-cll 
ated ; stem many times forked ; 
posite, very short, 3-5-cleft ; 
and 
Pl. 2 to 3 ft. 
lanceolate, rather shorter than the head of flowers, which 38 
nearly globose ; palez entire, exceeding the flowers. Y. i 
Native of Mexico, about Pachuca and Real del Monte. Laroch. 
eryng. p. 58. Tratt. arch. t. 766. Flowers white. sh 
Long-leaved Eryngo. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1820. Pl. 2to %1 
. 95. Nerves | 
leaves under the branches op- | 
leaves of involucrum 10, deflexe® | 
n 
