274 UMBELLIFERÆ. XXXI. Eryxcium. XXXII. Actinantuvs. 
the head of flowers, which is roundish. %. F. Native of 
Mexico, near Huanajato and Chilpancingo. Laroch. eryng. p. 
62 ao lratte-arch.t-17077 
One-headed Eryngo. Pl. 4 feet. 
82 E. su’nceum (Cham. et Schlecht. in Linnea. 3. p. 241.) 
leaves with parallel nerves, very narrow, inconspicuously spiny- 
denticulated, acute ; stem bearing few heads; heads nearly un- 
armed, globose ; leaves of involucrum 10-12, connate at the 
base, ovate, 5-nerved, acuminated, and are as well as the pale 
smooth. 2%. G. Native of Brazil. Heads of one colour, 5 
lines in diameter. 
Rushy Eryngo. Pl. 1 to 2 feet. 
83 E. eridpHorum (Cham. et Schlecht. in Linnea. 3. p. 242.) 
leaves very narrow, linear, with parallel nerves, quite entire, 
fringed with villi at the base; stem bearing 1 or few heads ; 
heads between egg-shaped and globose, unarmed ; leaves of in- 
volucrum as well as the palez elongated, acuminated, and 
striated. %. G. Native of Brazil, in the province of Cisplatin 
and Rio Grande. Stem bearing few leaves, from 1 to 24 feet 
high. Leaves a line broad: radical one a foot and more iong. 
Bracteas longer than the flowers. Habit almost of a Cypérus. 
Wool-bearing Eryngo. Pl. 1 to 2 feet. 
84 E. sancuisérga (Cham. et Schlecht. in Linnea. 3. p. 239.) 
leaves linear, with parallel nerves, spiny-serrated : serratures 
towards the apex of the leaf blunt and retrograde; stem naked, 
bearing few heads: heads ovate; leaves of involucrum as well 
as the paleze subulately acuminated, a little longer than the 
flowers. 2%.F. Native of the south of Brazil, in the province 
of Rio Grande. Tube of calyx ciothed with scarious scales at 
the angles. Heads echinated, coloured, 9-10 lines long. 
Sanguisorla-like Eryngo. Pl. 2 feet. 
85 E. esractea‘tum (Lam. dict. 4. p. 759.) leaves linear, 
with parallel nerves, usually ciliated at the base with long 
bristles; stem trichotomously corymbose; heads cylindrical, 
unarmed; leaves of involucrum as well as the paleæ entire, 
shorter than the flowers. 2/.G. Native of the south of Brazil. 
Laroch. eryng. p. 64. t. 32. Tratt- arch. t. 758. Cham. et 
Schlecht. in Linnea. 2. p. 244. E. nudiflorum, Willd. herb. 
which was collected about Ibague, in New Granada, is the same, 
according to Cham. et Schlecht. 1. c. Stem erect, 2 feet high. 
Habit of the last speties. Calyx rough from scales. 
Bractless Eryngo. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1817. PI. 2 feet. 
Suzcenus II. Lessòxia (in honour of — Lesson, a writer 
on composite). Bertero, mss. Hook. bot. misc. 3. p. 351. 
Small shrubs or trees, with dichotomous branches, which are 
marked below by the cicatrices of the fallen leaves, but densely 
leafy at the extremities. Peduncles terminal, bearing a solitary, 
globose, or hemispherical head of flowers each. 
86 E. suptevuroipes (Hook. et Arn. in bot. mise. 3. p. 352.) 
arborescent ; leaves flat, serrated ; leaves of involucrum shorter 
than the head of flowers. kh.G. Native of Juan Fernandez, 
in woody, stony, elevated situations at El Portezuelo. Lessònia 
bupleuroides, Bertero, mss. Lessonia, Bertero, in ann. sc. nat. 
vol. 21. t. 348. Stem 5-6 feet high, with forked terete branches. 
Leaves 3-4 inches long. Heads of flowers dense, hemispherical. 
Bupleurum-like Eryngo. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 
87 E. sarcopuy’ttum (Hook. et Arn. in bot. mise. 3. p. 352.) 
arborescent ; leaves cylindrical, fleshy; leaves of involucrum 
wanting. h. G. Native at Massa Fuera, near Juan Fernandez. 
The heads of flowers are exactly globose, without any involucra. 
Branches dichotomous. 
Fleshy-leaved Eryngo. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 
+ Species not sufficiently known. 
88 E. patte’scens (Mill. dict, no. 5.) radical leaves roundish, 
1 
multifid ; heads pedunculate. 2.H. Native of Europe. FE, 
alpinum amethystinum, capitulo majore pallescénte, Toum, 
inst. 327. Allied to E.amethystinum, according to Mill. but 
distinct from it. 
Pale-blue-flowered Eryngo. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt.? Pl. 1to2ft. 
89 E. America'num (Walt. fl. carol. p. 102.) leaves entire: 
radical ones roundish: cauline ones ovate-Janceolate : upper- 
most ones trifid; stem procumbent. 4. H. Native of Ca- 
rolina. 
American Eryngo. Pl. procumbent. s 
90 E. cartuamoipes (Smith, in Rees’ cycl. vol. 13.) leaves 
oblong, toothed, undivided, cordate at the base, and stem- 
clasping; stem nearly simple, bearing few heads ; leaves of in- 
volucrum few and ovate. 2. H. Native of Mauritania, Per- 
haps the same as Æ. aquif dlium ? 
Carthamus-like Eryngo. Pl. 1 foot. | 
91 E. CŒRU`LEUM STELLA`TUM MONTIS Lipa‘n1. Mant. phyt. | 
p- 26. t. 127. differs from E. dichótomum in the radical leaves 
being bipinnatifid. ex Laroch. eryng. p. 66. 
Starry-blue Eryngo of Mount Lebanon. Pl. 1 foot. 
92 E. pa’RVUM PALMA‘RE FÒLIIS sERRA‘TIS. Mor. oxon. sect. 
Ket 36. f 13. 
Small Eryngo with serrated leaves. : 
93 E. Mexica‘num Fonts LÒNGIS DENTA‘TIS. Moris. oxon. 
p. 167. sect. 7. t. 37. f. 22. Scórdii spina, Hern. mex. p. 222. 
E. aquáticum ĝ, Lam. dict. 4. p. 758. Native of Mexico. 
Mexican Eryngo with long toothed leaves. Pl. 1 foot. 
N.B. E. lateriflarum (Lam. dict. 4. p. 478.) or Gramen 
orientale spicatum (Tourn. cor. p. 39.) is not a Cénchrus, as had 
been supposed by Linnzeus, nor an Eryngium but Corispermum 
púngens. 
Cult. Most of the species of this genus are extremely hand- 
some and beautiful, and particularly so the hardy kinds, which 
are therefore well fitted for decorating borders. They all suc- 
ceed well in common garden soil ; but the lighter and more sandy | 
the soil is the better they will grow. The greenhouse or frame | 
kinds should be grown in pots, so that they may be sheltered in | 
winter. All are readily increased by dividing at the root, or 
by seed. 
XXXII. ACTINA’NTHUS (from axrw, actin, a ray, and 
av@oc, anthos, a flower; involucels), Ehrenb. in Linnea. 4. 
p. 398. D.C. prod. 4. p. 668. ; 
Lin. syst. Pentándria, Digynia. Flowers monoecious; 
female ones capitate: male ones in capitate umbels: margi 
ones joined, abortive, and spinescent, having the receptacle des- 
titute of pale. Teeth of calyx permanent. Petals oblong, 
complicate at the apex, rather cirrhose. Fruit compressed from 
the sides ; mericarps with the 5 alternate sutural ribs strongest : 
having the furrows between the ribs furnished with 1 vitte each, 
and the commissure with 2 vitte ; carpophore adnate.—A stil 
squarrose plant. Lower leaves ternately bipinnate. Involucrum 
none ; involucels of many leaves. Flowers white. This genus 
comes between Oendnthe and Eryngium, according to the fruit, 
but from the inflorescence it is analogous to Echinéphora. 
1 A. Syrracus (Ehrengb. l. c.). ‚Y.H. Native of Syri» 
between the towns of Sachle and Balbec. 
Syrian Actinanthus. Pl. 1 foot. : 
Cult. See Eringium above for culture and propagation. 
$2. Umbels compound or perfect. Vitte on the fruit variable, | 
rarely wanting. 
* Fruit having only primary ribs present. 
Tribe 1V. 
AMMI'NEZ (plants agreeing with A’mmi in important 
