276 UMBELLIFERE. XXXIV. Cicuta. XXXV. 
stronger, they carefully avoid it : that goats, however, devour it 
greedily with impunity, and that horses and sheep eat it with 
safety. Strong emetics are the most approved remedy for this 
ison. 
Var. B, tenuifolia (Schrank, akad. munch, philos. class. 7. 
p- 56. t. 4. f. 1.) trunk of root slender, bearing fascicles of cy- 
lindrical fibres; leaves bipinnate ; segments linear, entire, and 
subserrated ; umbels opposite the leaves, and terminal. Y%. W. 
H. Native of Germany, near Fussen. 
Poisonous Water Hemlock or Cowbane. 
Pl. 2 to 3 feet. 
* * American species. Fibres of roots oblong and fleshy. 
2 C. BULBIFERA (Lin. spec. p. 367.) fibres of roots oblong, 
tuberous, fleshy ; leaves biternate; segments linear-lanceolate, 
rather serrated; umbels terminal and axillary; axils and rays 
bearing bulbs. 34. W.H. Native of North America, in tem- 
perate and cold parts, from the river Delaware to Canada, in 
water, and on banks of lakes and rivers. Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. 
p. 165. Torr. fl. un. st. 1. p. 308. Big. fl. bost. ed. 2. p.115. 
Flowers white, having the smell of cumin-flowers. 
Bulb-bearing Cowbane. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1810. 
to 2 feet. 
3 C. macura‘ra (Lin. spec. p. 367.) fibres of roots oblong, 
fleshy, tuberous; leaves biternate ; segments lanceolate or ovate- 
lanceolate, acuminated, mucronately serrated ; umbels terminal 
and lateral; stem spotted. 2. W. H. Native of North Ame- 
rica, in watery places, from Carolina to New England, and be- 
tween lat. 54° and 64° north in the woody country; Canada, 
Lake Huron, Straits of De Fuca, and on the west coast. Bigel. 
fl. bost. 2. p. 115. amer. med. bot. 1. t. 12. Torrey, fl. un. st. 
1. p.508. Rafin. med. bot. 1. t.22. Cicutaria maculata, Lam. 
dict. 2. p.2. Flowers white. Fruit a little larger than that of 
C. virdsa. 
Var. P, angustifòlia (Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 259.) leaflets 
narrower. On the banks of the Saskatchawan. 
Spotted-stemmed Cowbane. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1759. 
2 to 3 feet. 
Cult. The species should be planted in ponds or ditches, 
where they will increase without any further care. 
XXXV. ZI’ZIA (in honour of J. B. Zizii, a German botan- 
ist; author of a Flora of the Palatinate of the Rhine, in con- 
junction with Koch). Koch. umb. p. 129. D.C. prod. 4. p. 
99.—Smyrnium species of Lin.—Smyrnium, Ell. sketch. 1. 
p. 359.—Smyrnium and Thaspium, Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 195 
and 196.—Smyrnium species of authors. 
Lin. syst. Pentándria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obso- 
lete, or with 5 very short teeth. Petals elliptic, tapering into 
a Jong inflexed acumen. Fruit contracted from the sides, rather 
didymous, roundish or oval ; mericarps with 5 filiform, promi- 
nent, equal ribs: lateral ribs marginal; furrows between ribs 
furnished with 1 vitta each, and the commissure with 2 vitte ; 
carpophore bipartite. Seed teretely convex, scarcely flattish in 
front.—Perennial herbs, natives of North America. Stems 
nearly simple, erect. Leaves ternate or biternate; segments 
oblong, ovate, or cordate. Involucrum wanting; involucels 
few-leaved, variable. Flowers yellow, rarely white, or dark 
purple. This genus differs from Smýrnium in the seed not 
being involute, and from A‘pium in the petals ending in a long 
inflexed acumen each. 
1 Z. av’nea (Koch. |. c.) leaves biternate ; segments oblong- 
lanceolate, attenuated at the base, deeply serrated ; involucels 
3-leaved, unilateral. %. H. Native of North America, on 
rocky hills and moist pastures, from Carolina to Pennsylva- 
nia; and of Canada, about Lake Huron. Smyrnium atreum, 
Lin. spec. p. 377. Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p.171. Ell. sketch. 
Fl. July. Britain. 
Pl. 1 
Pl. 
Zizia. XXXVI. Penracrypta. XXXVII. Arivm. 
1. p. 359. Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 195. Sison aúreus, Spreng. 
in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 410. Torrey, fl. un. st. 1. p. 305. Thás- 
pium aúreum, Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 196. Rays of umbel short, 
Leaves of involucel 3, unilateral, rather concrete at the base, 
Flowers golden yellow.—The Smyrnium aúreum, Burm. fl. cap. 
p. 8. appertains to this species, but the country from which it is 
said to come is truly doubtful, and is probably a mistake. 
Var. B, acuminàta (D. C. prod. 4. p. 100.) intermediate seg- 
ment of leaves nearly pinnate, with 5 segments. %. H. Grow- 
ing along with the species. Smyrnium acuminàtum, Smith, in 
Rees’ cycl. vol. 33. no. 8. 
Golden-flowered Zizia. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1699. Pl. 1 to3ft. 
2 Z. corpa`ra (Koch, l. c.) radical leaves undivided, cordate, 
crenated, petiolate : cauline ones nearly sessile, ternate ; leaflets 
petiolate, ovate-cordate, serrated; involucel usually 1-leaved. 
Y.H. Native of Carolina, on moist mountains and pastures; 
and probably on the mountains of Virginia and Pennsylvania; 
plains of the Red River, Saskatchawan, and the river Winepeg 
and prairies of the Rocky Mountains. Smyrnium cordatum, 
Walt. fl. carol. p. 114. Ell. sketch. 1. p. 359. Schultes, syst. 
6. p. 438. Torr, A. un. st. 1. p. 307. Sison trifoliatum, Michx. 
fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 168. Smyrnium trifoliatum, Muhl. cat. 
p.31. Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 195. Flowers golden yellow, 
very like those of the preceding species ; but according to Nutt. 
they are white, and according to Elliot either white or yellow; 
there are therefore probably two species confused. 
Cordate-leaved Zizia. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1597. Pl. 1to2 ft. 
3 Z. INTEGE'RRIMA (D. C. mem. soc. hist. nat. gen. vol. 4. 
p. 100.) leaves biternate, rather glaucous ; leaflets ovate, quite 
entire ; involucel 1-leaved, very short. %. H. Native of Vir- 
ginia, New York, and Carolina, on moist mountains, particularly 
on the Alleghany mountains. Smyrnium integérrimum, Lin. 
spec. p. 1468. Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 171. Ell. sketch. 
1. p. 360. Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 195. Sison integérrimus, 
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 887. Torr. fl. un. st. 1. p. 305. Flowers 
golden yellow. 
Quite entire-leaved Zizia. F]. Ju. Clt.1758. P]. 1 to 2 ft. 
Cult. A moist soil suits the species of this genus best ; and 
they are easily increased by dividing or by seeds. 
XXXVI. PENTACRY'PTA (from zevre, pente, five, and 
kpvrrw, krypto, to hide; application not evident). Lehm. sem. 
hort. hamb. 1828. p. 16. D. C. prod. 4. p. 100. 
Lin. syst. Polygamia, Mone’ cia. Calyx unknown. Petals 
equal, lanceolate, acuminated, inflexed. Fruit oblong-elliptic, 
compressed from the sides; mericarps with 5 ribs, the 3 dorsa 
ones are elevated and acute, and the 2 marginating ones round- 
ish: each furrow having 1 vittæ. Albumen 5-angled ; angles 
roundish.—Herb suffruticose at the base. Leaves triternately 
pinnate. Flowers dark purple, polygamous. Perhaps suffi- 
ciently distinct from Tháspium. 
1 P. ATROPURPU REA (Lehm. in sem. hort. hamb. 1828. p. 16.) 
Y.F. Native of Mexico. Mature fruit brownish, and have 
strong scent of parsley, as well as every part of the plant. 
Dark-purple-flowered Pentacrypta. Pl. 2 feet. : 
Cult. This plant will require to be protected in winter; 1t 
can only be increased by seeds. 
XXXVII. APIUM (from apon, Celtic for water; habit- 
ation of plants). Hoffm. umb. 1. p. 75. t. 1. f. 8. Koch, umb. 
128. D.C. coll. mem. 5. p. 36. prod. 4. p. 100. A`pium species, 
Lin. Spreng. and Lag. 
Lin. syst. Pentándria, Monogynia. Margin of calyx ob 
lete. Petals roundish, entire. Stylopodium depressed. Fruit 
roundish, contracted from the sides, didymous ; mericarps with 5 
filiform equal ribs: lateral ribs marginal: furrows between the 
