294 
2 feet high. Stem terete, velvety at the apex. Umbels of many 
rays. Fruit ovate, hairy. Styles diverging. 
Java Burnet-saxifrage. Pl. 2 feet. 
Secr. III. Anrsum (the herb anise ; containing plants agree- 
ing with it) Adans. fam. 2. p. 95. Geertn. fruct. 1. p. 102. 
—Bubon species of Lag. Fruit puberulous. Annual plants. 
21 P. anisum (Lin. spec. 399.) stem glabrous ; radical leaves 
cordate-roundish, lobed, deeply serrated : middle ones pinnatifid, 
with cuneate-lanceolate lobes: upper ones trifid and undivided, 
linear ; fruit bearing a few scattered hairs. ©.H. Native of 
the Island of Scio, Egypt, and cultivated in Europe. Nees, 
off. pfiz. 12. t. 17. Hayn. arz. gew. 7. t. 22. Woodv. med. 
bot. t. 180. Anìsum vulgàre, Clus. hist. 2. p. 202. Gærtn. 
fruct. 1. t. 23. f. 1. Anìsum officinale, Moench, meth. p. 100. 
Sison anisum, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 407. A'`pium 
anisum, Trag.—Blackw. herb. t.374.—Lob. icon. 731. Flowers 
of a yellowish white colour. Fruit pubescent when young. 
Styles short, straight. The anise is cultivated in Malta and 
Spain for its seeds, which are annually imported as medicinal, and 
for distillation and expression. In this country it is occasionally 
grown in the garden, to be used as a garnish, and for a season- 
ing like the fennel. For this last purpose, the seeds require to 
be sown in April, in a warm border, in a dry light soil, or raised 
in pots on heat, and removed to a warm site in May, where 
the plants will blossom and ripen their seeds in August, in 
favourable seasons. The plants should be thinned to 3 or 4 
inches’ distance. 
Anise. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1551. Pl. 1 to 14 foot. 
22 P. Cre'rica (Poir. suppl. 1. p. 684.) plant dwarf; radical 
leaves roundish, 3-lobed, toothed ; superior leaves small, ter- 
nately multifid ; segments rather filiform; fruit puberulous. ©. H. 
Native of Candia, Scio, and the Morea. A‘pium Créticum míni- 
mum anisi facie, Tourn. herb. P. ténuis, Sieb. pl. exsic. Stems 
filiform, 4-5 inches high. Umbels spreading; with capillary 
rays; umbellules small. Fruit shorter than the styles, not gla- 
brous, but puberulous, as in P. anisum, of which it is probably 
only a small variety. Flowers whitish. 
Cretan Anise. FI. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. 3 foot. 
23 P. picHétoma (Lin. mant. 58.) plant glabrous, dichoto- 
mously branched, erect; leaves biternate or triternate ; leaf- 
lets linear ; petioles winged, membranous ; peduncles opposite 
the leaves; fruit muricated from short hairs. ©. H. Native 
of Spain, on hills about Aranjuez. Habit of Trinia, but differs 
from that genus in the flowers not being dioecious. Petals all 
“emarginate at the apex, from the point being incurved. Fruit 
nearly globose, striated. Styles reflexed. Flowers white. 
Dichotomous Anise. Pl. 14 foot. 
+ Species not sufficiently known. 
24 P. renurronia (D. C. prod. 4. p. 123.) plant glabrous ; 
leaves decompound, glaucous, linear, somewhat divaricate; um- 
bel terminal, compound.—Native of Persia. Tragium tenui- 
fdlium, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 393. Flowers white. 
Fine-leaved Burnet-saxifrage. Pl. 1 foot. 
25 P. ertoca’rpa (Russel, beschr. alep. ex Schultes, syst. 6. 
p- 394.) radical leaves pinnate: leaflets cuneiform, cut, gla- 
brous: superior ones filiform; fruit hispid.—Native about 
Aleppo. ‘Tragium eriocarpos, Schultes, l. c. Pimpinélla ténuis, 
Sieb. Crete, exsic. ex Schultes, ]. ce Tragium ténue, Link, 
enum. 1. p. 286. The same as P. tenuifdlia, Spreng. syst. 1. 
p. 284. Flowers white. 
Hairy-fruited Burnet-saxifrage. Pl. 1 foot. 
26 P. arerna (Host, fl. austr. 1. p. 399.) radical leaves pin- 
nate, glabrous; leaflets of lower leaves ovate, cut : of the inter- 
mediate ones, pinnatifid, and of the upper ones linear-subulate, 
UMBELLIFERZ. LIV. 
Pimeinetta. LV. Sium. 
entire. 2.H. Native of the Alps of Styria and Austria, in 
stony places. The petals are said to be yellowish-white. Fruit 
striated, probably glabrous, or villous. This is perhaps only a 
variety of P. magna. 
Alpine Burnet-saxifrage. Fl. Ju. Jul. Pl. 2 to 3 feet. 
27 P. rupe’srris (Bory, ann. gen. sc. ph. 3. 1820. p. 12.) 
radical leaves on long petioles, pinnate ; leaflets deeply crenated, 
acute; stems rather dichotomous. 2. H. Native of Spain, 
among stones, on Sierra Nevada. Plant glaucous, stiff, slender. 
Perhaps only a variety of P. saxifraga. 
Rock Burnet-saxifrage. Pl. 1 foot. 
28 P.? Capg'nsts (Thunb. prod. p. 51. fl. cap. 2. p. 207.) 
stem terete, striated, glabrous; leaves ternately decompound ; 
leaflets lanceolate, acute, deeply pinnatifid; involucrum com- 
posed of many short leaves.—Native of the Cape of Good Hope, 
on the Table Mountain. Sison Capénsis, Schultes, syst. 6. p. 
411. Flowers white. Fruit ovate, obtuse, striated: with the 
ribs obtuse. 
Cape Burnet-saxifrage. PI. 1 foot ? 
Cult. All the species are of easy culture.—A dry sandy 
soil suits them best ; and they are only to be increased by seeds, 
which ripen in abundance. Those species marked perennial are 
little better than biennial in the gardens. 
LV. SI'UM (from siu, water in Celtic; habitation of most of 
the species). Koch, umb. 117. D. C. prod. 4. p. 124.—Sium 
species of Lin. Spreng. and others.—Sisarum, Adans. fam. 2. 
p- 97. 
Lin. syst. Penténdria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed, 
now and then obsolete. Petals obovate, emarginate, with an in- 
flexed point. Stylopodium pulvinate, depressed at the margin. 
Styles divergingly reflexed, rather capitate at the apex. Fruit 
compressed from the sides or contracted, and rather didymous, 
crowned by the stylopodium and styles; mericarps having 5 equal 
filiform bluntish ribs : with the furrows between the ribs, as also 
the commissure, furnished with many vitte ; carpophore bi- 
partite ; the stalks adnate to the mericarps. Seed nearly terete. 
—Mostly aquatic herbs. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets ovate-oblong, 
toothed or many parted. Umbels terminal, many parted: sur- 
rounded by many leaved involucra, which are very rarely com- 
posed of one leaf. Umbellules many flowered, surrounded by 
many leaved involucels. Flowers white. 
Secr. I. Stsa‘rum (altered from the Arabic name of the plant 
dgizer ; this word signifies a carrot in Persian, and Sisarum has 
small bundles of roots resembling carrots). D. C. prod. 4. P- 
124.—Sium, Koch, deutschl. fl. Lateral ribs of fruit marginat 
ing, having 3-4 superficial vitte in each furrow between the 
ribs. Seed terete, convex on the back, and flattish in front. 
1 S. Sisa‘rum (Lin. spec. p. 361.) root composed of fascicles 
of fusiform tubers ; stem terete; leaves pinnate, but the upper- 
most ones are ternate ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, acute, serrated 
involucra of 5 reflexed leaves ; calycine teeth almost obsolete. 
Y%.H. Native of China, Japan, Corea, Altaia, Mongol, and 
Cochin-china, but only cultivated in Europe. Schkuhr, handb. 
t. 69.—Lob. icon. t. 710. f. 1. Col. phyt. 89. with a figure.— 
Park. par. t. 507. f. 1. The commissure of the fruit, accord- 
ing to Koch, is furnished with 4 vittæ. Sium brevif lium an 
S. Podòlicum are probably hardly varieties of this species 
Flowers white. The tubers of the root are about the size of the 
finger, joined together at the crown or head; they were formerly 
much esteemed in cookery. The Skirret is called Chervis m 
French, Zuckerwurzel in German, and Sisaro in Italian; it !8 
also cultivated in the north of Scotland, under the name ° 
crummock. The tubers are boiled, and served up with butter 
