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UMBELLIFERZ. LV. Strum. 
and are declared by Worlidge, in 1682, to be “the sweetest, 
whitest, and most pleasant of roots.” This plant grows freely in 
lightish soil, moderately good. It is propagated both from seed 
and by offsets of established roots. The better method is to 
raise seedlings to have the root in perfection, young, and 
tender. 
By seeds.—* Sow between the 21st of March and the 15th of 
April; a fortnight later, rather than earlier, for a full crop, as 
plants raised forward in spring are apt to start for seed in sum- 
mer. Sow on an open compartment of light ground, in small 
drills 8 inches apart. When the plants are 1 or 2 inches high, 
thin them to 5 or 6 inches asunder. They will enlarge in growth 
to the end of autumn; but before the roots are full grown, in 
August, September, or October, some may be taken up for con- 
sumption, as wanted ; those left to reach maturity will continue 
good for use throughout winter and in spring, till the stems run. 
„By slips.—“ Having some plants of last year’s raising, fur- 
nished with root offsets, slip them off; taking only the young 
outward slips, and not leaving any of the large older roots ad- 
hering to the detached offsets; which plant by dibble, in rows 
from 6 to 9 inches asunder. They will soon strike and enlarge, 
and divide into offsets ; which, as well as the main roots, are 
eatable, and come in for use in proper season. 
„To save seed.—“ Leave some old plants in the spring: they 
will shoot in stalks, and ripen seed in autumn.” 
Var. B, Ninsi; stem bulbiferous ; leaflets broader, rather cor- 
date. Sìum Ninsi, Burm. ind. t. 29. Thunb. jap. 118. 
Skirret. F]. July, Aug. Clt. 1548. P]. 1 to 2 feet. 
2 S. SISAROÍDEUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 124.) root unknown ; 
stem furrowed ; leaves pinnate; leaflets ovate, rather cordate at 
the base, toothed : upper leaves ternate, having the leaflets ob- 
long, acuminated, and serrated; involucrum of 4-5 reflexed 
eaves; calycine teeth almost wanting. 2.H. Native of Per- 
Sia, in the province of Aderbeidjan, about Badelan, in shady 
sandy places, where it was collected by Szowits. The root is 
said to be creeping, but according to the specimens examined, 
they appear to be fasciculate like those of the common skirret. 
i e whole plant is like S. Sisàrum, and especially variety ĝ, 
T differs in the stem being furrowed, in the leaves being 
roader, in the fruit being shorter, and in the fibres of the roots 
Ing cylindrical. 
Skirret-like Water-parsnip. P]. 1 to 2 feet. 
8 S. LANCIFÒLIUM (Bieb. suppl. p. 230.) root creeping ; leaves 
famite; leaflets lanceolate, equally and sharply serrated; invo- 
uerum of many leaves; calycine teeth very short. Y. H. 
the of Tauria and Caucasus, in marshes and humid places ; 
“4 of Altaia, at the river Irtysh. S. latifdlium, Bieb. fl. taur. 
= P. 225. exclusive of the synonymes. S. latifdlium Ukrani- 
um, Fisch. cat. hort. gor. 1812. Bérula lancifdlium, Bess. 
suum. pl, volh. p. 44. Very nearly allied to S. latif dlium. 
~e commissure of the fruit, according to Koch, is furnished 
With 4-6 vittæ. 
sib a B; leaflets narrower, linear-lanceolate. u.H. Gmel. 
oS ie Ra t. 47. 
iy igh ater-parsnip. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1819. Pl. 
os B LATIFÒLIUM (Lin. spec. p. 361.) root creeping; stems 
> tly furrowed; leaves pinnate ; leaflets lanceolate, acumi- 
— » unequal at the base, serrated, rarely pinnatifid ; involu- 
š se of many leaves ; calycine teeth elongated. 4. H. Native 
et the whole of Europe and North America, in ditches 
marshes. In Britain in rivers, ditches, and fens. Jacq. 
a t. 66. Smith, engl. bot. t. 204. Oed. fl. dan. t. 
» Hayn. arz. gew. 1. t. 38. good. Coriándrum latifòlium, 
Sp austr. p. 219. Drepanophyllum palistre, Hoffm. umb. 
* The leaflets of the submersed leaves are in the same plant 
295 
often multifidly jagged. The commissure of the fruit, according 
to Koch, is furnished with 6 vittæ. Stem with whorles of fibres 
under water. The plant is of an acrid poisonous quality, par- 
ticularly the roots. 
Broad-leaved Water-parsnip. 
3 to 6 feet. 
5 S. LoNGIròLIuM (Presl, fl. cech. p. 65. but not of Pursh,) 
root unknown; stem striated ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets linear- 
lanceolate, elongated, unequally toothed, very acute; involu- 
crum usually one-leaved. 2/. H. Native of Bohemia, in marshes 
and ditches. 
Long-leaved Water-parsnip. Pl. 2 to 3 feet. 
6 S. LINEARE (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 167.) stem angu- 
larly furrowed ; leaves pinnate; with 4-5 pairs of linear-lanceo- 
late leaflets, which are acutely and finely serrated ; involucrum 
of a few linear leaves. X.H. Native of North America, from 
Canada to Carolina ; on the mountains and at the Saskatchawan, 
in marshes ; watery places about Lake Huron ; moist and over- 
flowed grounds of the Columbia. Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 186. 
exclusive of the synonyme of Pursh ex Torrey, fl. un. st. 1. p. 
311. The young submersed leaves are deeply multifid or tri- 
pinnate, with very narrow linear subulate segments. 
Linear-leaved Water-parsnip. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1810. 
Pl. 1 foot. 
7 S. Dovera'sn (D. C. prod. 4. p. 125.) stem terete; leaves 
pinnate ; lower leaflets ternate, the rest petiolulate, ovate-oblong, 
coarsely serrated; umbels opposite the leaves, and terminal, 
pedunculate, without an involucrum, of many rays. 21. H. Na- 
tive of the north-west coast of America. Stems and petioles 
reddish. Lower leaves 14 foot long. Flowers white. Calyx 
5-toothed. 
Douglas’s Water-parsnip. Pl. 3 to 4 feet. 
Fl. July, Aug. Britain. PI. 
Secr. II. Be‘ruta (probably from Pnpoc, beros, a cloak or 
garment), Koch, deutschl. fl. 2. p. 455. D.C. prod. 4. p. 
125. Lateral ridges of the fruit placed a little before the mar- 
gins of the mericarps. Transverse section of seed perfectly 
terete. 
8 S. ancustirétium (Lin. spec. 1672.) root fibrous, having 
stolons running from the neck; stem hardly striated ; leaves 
pinnate; leaflets ovate, unequally lobed and serrated ; umbels 
pedunculate, opposite the leaves, and terminal ; involucrum of 
many, rather pinnatifid leaves. 2. B. H. Native throughout 
the whole of Europe, even to Caucasus and Persia, in ditches 
and rivulets; plentiful in some parts of Britain. Jacq. fl. austr. 
t. 67. Hayne, arz. gew. 1. t. 39. Smith, engl. bot. t. 139. 
Hook. fl. lond. fasc. 2. t. 111. S. nodiflòrum, Fl. dan. 247. S. 
eréctum, Huds. ed. 1. p. 103. S. Bérula, Gouan. fl. monsp. p. 
218. A'pium Sium, Crantz, p. 215. Bérula angustifòlia, Koch, 
deutschl. fl. 2. p. 455. Root creeping extensively. Stem with 
whorles of fibres under water. 
Narrow-leaved Water-parsnip. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. Pl. 
2 to 3 feet. 
9 S. Tuunse’rcu (D. C. prod. 4. p. 125.) root fibrous, 
throwing out stolons from the neck; stem erect, striated ; 
branches angular; leaves pinnate; leaflets ovate, acute, regu- 
larly and callously serrated ; umbels pedunculate, opposite the 
leaves, and terminal ; involucrum of 3-5 linear acute undivided 
leaves. 2%. B. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in 
marshes near Seekhuwallei. Sium angustifdlium, Thunb. prod. 
p- 51. Leaflets approximate and regularly disposed. Plant 
erect. 
Thunberg’s Water-parsnip. Pl. 2 to 3 feet. 
+ Species not sufficiently known, and are therefore doubtful 
whether they belong to the genus. 
