306 
or of 1 leaf; involucels of 3 or 5 spreading, or pendulous, seta- 
ceous leaves, situated on the outside of the umbellules, that is, 
unilateral. Flowers white. Three species of this genus are 
admitted, but they are probably only varieties of one. 
1 Æ. cyna‘rrum (Lin. spec. p. 367.) leaflets wedge-shaped, 
decurrent, with lanceolate segments; rays of umbel nearly 
equal; involucrum wanting ; involucels of 3 leaves, which are 
longer than the umbellules. ©.H. Native throughout the 
whole of Europe, in cultivated grounds: a common weed. 
Smith, engl. bot. 1192. Curt. lond. fasc. 1. t. 18. Bull. herb. 
t.91. Hayn. arz. gew. 1. t. 35. Hoffm. umb. p. 97. Cori- 
ándrum cynàpium, Crantz, fl. aust. p. 221. Cicùta cynàpium, 
Targ. ist. bot. Cynàpium, Riv. pentap. irr. t. 76. Cicutària 
tenuifòlia, Raii, syn. 215. C. fàtua, Lob. icon. 2. p. 280. f. 1. 
Herb erect, lurid green, fetid, and reckoned dangerous. Great 
carelessness can alone cause this weed to be mistaken for garden 
pars'ey; yet such an accident sometimes happens. The 3 long 
pendulous bracteas under each umbellule distinguish it from all 
its tribe. Dr. Bigelow, of Boston in New England, observed 
this Æthùsa to be without scent in America, but #eds trans- 
mitted by him produced plants with the same nauseous garlick 
flavour as those of Great Britain. Some curious facts of a 
similar nature have been observed. The flowers of Hésperis 
matrondlis are said to lose their scent in America, after the first 
generation. 
Dog’s-poison, or Common Fool’s-parsley. 
Britain. Pl. 1 to 2 feet. 
2 Æ. cynapriorpes (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 227. suppl. p. 233.) 
segments of the leaves oblong, acute; rays of umbel nearly 
equal; involucrum wanting; involucel of 3 leaves, which are 
shorter than the umbellule ; vittæ in the commissure contiguous 
at the base. ©. H. Native of the Ukrane, in shady places. 
Hoffm. ed. 2. p. 98. and 205. and tit. f. 9. Very nearly allied 
to the first species, but differs in being larger, more branched, 
and 3 feet in height, or more. 
Cynapium-like Fool’s-parsley. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1817. 
Pl. 2 to 3 feet. 
3 Æ. rra ra (Friedlander, ex Fisch. cat. hort. gor. 1813. p. 
45.) segments of the leaves bluntish ; involucrum usually of 1 
leaf; involucels of 1-3 leaves, which are longer than the um- 
bellules ; outer rays of umbel longest ; pedicels twice the length 
of the fruit. ©. H Native of Podolia. Hoffm. umb. ed. 
2. p. 98. Besser. enum. p. 54. Horn. cat. 4. hort. hafn. 
suppl. p. 34. Petals white, not asin Æ. cynapium, greenish 
atthe base. Styles purple after flowering. The plant is said 
to be edible, and not poisonous as the others. 
Tall Fool’s-parsley. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1820. Pl. 2 to 3 ft. 
Cult. The seeds only require to be sown in the open ground. 
Fl. July, Aug. 
LXVI. FQENI’CULUM (the Latin name of the fennel, from 
fænum, hay; the smell of the plant. resembling that of hay). 
Adans. fam. 2. p. 101. Geertn. fruct. 1. p. 105. t. 23. Hoffm. 
umb. p. 120. t. 1. f.13. e. Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 99. Koch, 
umb. p. 112. D. C. prod. 4. p. 142.—Anéthum species of 
Lin.—Méum species of Spreng. 
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx tumid, 
obsolete, toothless. Petals roundish, entire, involute, with a 
rather square retuse point. Transverse section of fruit nearly 
terete; mericarps with 5 prominent, bluntly keeled ribs : lateral 
ribs marginal, and a little broader than the rest; vittee 1 in each 
furrow, and 2 in the commissure. Seed somewhat semi-terete. 
—Biennial or perennial herbs. Roots fusiform. Stems terete, 
striated, branched. Leaves triply pinnate, decompound: with 
linear, setaceous leaflets. Involucra and involucels almost wanting. 
Flowers yellow.—This genus differs from Ænèthum with which 
it was formerly combined, by the mericarps being more turgid ; 
1 
UMBELLIFERZ. LXV. ruusa. 
LXVI. Fenicutum. 
having the margin rather more compressed than the back; and 
the transverse section of the fruit is therefore nearly terete, or 
with the margin rather compressed. 
1 F. vurea‘re (Ray, syn. 217. Geertn. fruct. 1. p. 105.) 
stem terete at the base ; leaves bipinnate, distich ; leaflets awl- 
shaped, drooping; umbels 13-20-rayed ; involucra and invo- 
lucels wanting. %.H. Native of Europe, in exposed, uncul- 
tivated places ; in Britain, on chalky cliffs, very plentiful ; and 
of Caucasus, near Baku, and in the plains between Sallian and 
Lenkeron. Anéthum Feeniculum, Lin. spec. 722. Smith, engl. 
bot. t. 1208. Mill. fig. t. 13, Hayne, arz. gew. 7. t, 18. Fæ- 
nículum officinàle, All. pedem. no. 1359. Mèum Feeniculum, 
var. a, Spreng. prod. p. 32. and in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 438. 
Ligústicum Foeniculum, Roth. germ. 1. p. 124. Fænículum, 
Math. valgr. 2. p. 135. f. 1. Cam. epit. p. 534. f. 1. The taste 
and aromatic flavour of this our garden fennel are well known, 
and has long been an inmate of our gardens. The tender stalks 
are used in salads; the leaves boiled enter into many fish sauces. 
The sweet and warm seeds are’ a common carminative medicine 
for infants. The blanched stalks of the next species, F. dilce, 
called findcchio, are eaten with oil, vinegar, and pepper, as a cold 
salad, and they are likewise sometimes put into soups. This 
thickened part is blanched by earthing up, and is then very 
tender. ‘ Owing to the peculiar nature of this species, Mr. 
Neill observes, “ it is more tender than the common fennel, 
and often perishes in the course of the winter. Misled by this 
circumstance, several horticultural writers describe it as an 
annual plant, under the name of Anéthum ségetum.” All are 
raised from seed, of which half an ounce is sufficient for a seed- 
bed 4 feet by 6 feet. Sometimes also they are raised from 
offsets from the old plants, where only a few are wanted. Sow 
in the spring in light earth, either in drills from 6-12 inches 
apart, or broad cast and raked in. When the plants are 3 or 4 
inches high, thin or transplant a quantity 15 inches asunder. 
As the roots of old plants divide into offsets, these may be slipped 
off in spring, summer, or autumn, and planted a foot apart. 
They will produce immediate leaves for present supply and in 
continuance ; or for immediate larger supply of leaves, you may 
procure some established full roots, and plant as above ; let 
them be well watered. The same plants remain several years 
by the root; but as fennel sends up strong stems for seed in 
summer, these, or a part of them, should be cut down, to encou- 
rage a production of young leaves below in succession. It is 
apt to spread more than is desirable, if suffered to seed. The 
swelling stems of the Finòcchio or F. dúlce, when of some toler- 
able substance, should be earthed up on each side 5 or 6 inches 
to blanch them white and tender. This will be effected in 10 
days or a fortnight ; and by successive sowings or cutting down 
plants during summer, successive crops of blanched stalks may 
be had from June to December. In procuring seed, permit 
some of the best flower-stems to shoot; and they will produce 
large umbels of seeds in autumn. 
Common Fennel. F). Jul. Aug. Brit. Pl. 4 to 6 feet. 
2 F. pu’tce (C. Bauh. pin. p. 147.) stem rather compresse? 
at the base; radical leaves rather distich : leaves all tripinnate; 
with capillary elongated leaflets; umbels 6-8-rayed. ¢- 
Native of Italy, and Portugal, where it is cultivated for the sake 
of the blanched stalks, under the name of Finocchio. Finócchio 
dúlce, Targ. cors. agr. 2. p. 52. Anéthum dilce, D. C. cate 
hort. monsp. p. 78. Foænículum dice, &e. J. Bauh. hist. 3 
p. 4. with a figure. It differs from the preceding species 1 
being hardly a foot high, in the earlier florescence, in the darker 
hue, in the stalks being edible, and in the characters given 
above. The use of this kind of fennel is given above with the 
common fennel. 
Clt. ? PI. 1 ft. 
Sweet Fennel or Finocchio. Fl. May, June. 
