-UMBELLIFERA., LXXXIV. Contosenixum. 
LXXXIV. CONIOSELI'NUM (a name evidently composed 
of Conium and Selinum). Fisch. in Hoffm. umb. ed. 2. p. 185, 
tit. f. 5. Koch, diss. ined. D C. prod. 4. p. 163. 
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete. 
Petals obcordate or obovate, with an inflexed point. Styles at 
length diverging, reflexed. Fruit rather compressed from the 
back, or convex ; mericarps with 5 winged ribs; the lateral ribs 
twice the breadth of the others, and marginal ; vittee unequal, 
3 in the lateral furrows, but usually 2 in the dorsal ones, and 
4-8 in the commissure. Carpophore bipartite. Seed flat on 
one side —Glabrous, biennial herbs. Stems branched, fistular. 
Leaves bipinnate; leaflets pinnate-parted : segments oblong- 
linear. Umbels terminal, of many rays. Involucra wanting, 
or of few leaves. Involucels of 5-7 linear-subulate leaves, which 
are about equal in length to the umbellules, or longer. This is 
an ambiguous genus, intermediate between the tribe Peucedanee 
and Seselinee ; with the first it agrees in the mericarps being 
winged, and with the last in the mericarps being convex on the 
back. Flowers white. 
1 C. Fiscre‘rr (Wimm. et Grab. ex flora 1828. p. 215.). 
$.H. Native of Siberia, Tartary, Ingria, Silesia, and Savoy, 
on the mountains; North America between the Coppermine and 
Mackenzie rivers; Labrador ; Straits of De Fuca, on the north- 
west coast; Kotzebue’s Sound. C. Tatdricum, Hoffm. I. c. 
Perhaps C. Ingricum or C. negléctum, Fisch. in litt. is not dis- 
tinct from this, Perhaps Ligústicum Gmelini, Cham. et Schlecht. 
in Linnea, 1, p. 391. and Gmel. sib. 1. p. 195. t. 44, apper- 
tains also to this plant. Perhaps all these different names be- 
long to different species, or probably to the same, but they are 
somuch confused that it is impossible to extricate them. 
Fischer’s Conioselinum. Pl. 1 to 2 feet. 
Cult. This plant is only to be increased by seed, which 
should be sown in the open ground early in spring. A light 
soil suits it best, 
LXXXV. CRI'THMUM (from «p.6n, krithe, barley; simi- 
arity in the seeds). Tourn. inst. p. 317. t. 169. Lin. gen. no, 
340, Koch, umb. p. 102. D.C. prod. 4. p. 164. Cachrys 
Species, Spreng. $ 
i Lin. syst. Pentándria, Digynia, Margin of calyx obso- 
ete. Petals roundish, entire, involute, ending in an obovate 
Segment. Transverse section of fruit nearly terete ; mericarps 
rey elevated, sharp, rather winged ribs: lateral ribs a little 
i sn er than the rest, and marginating ; pericarp spongy, with 
ig ge cells, Seed semi-terete, constituting a free nucleus, which 
| peeraa with copious vittæ in every part—A suffruticose, 
8'abrous, fleshy herb. ` Petioles sheathing at the base. Leaves 
anatel; leaflets oblong-linear. Umbels compound. Invo- 
“era and involucels of many leaves. Flowers white. This 
a differs from all others in the present tribe as the genus 
Archangélica does from the rest of the genera in tribe Ange- 
icee, in the seed being a free nucleus, covered with copious vittæ. 
sa = MARI TimuM (Lin, spec. 354.). 2%. H. Native of rocky 
haga and cliffs; as along the Black Sea, in Tauria; and 
a J t 4 Mediterranean Sea; and of Europe along the shores 
PES ; estern Ocean from Spain to Britain ; and of the Canary 
a S; in Britain, on the rocky sea-shore and cliffs. Smith, 
gi. bot. 819. Jacq. hort. vind. 2. t. 87. Cachrys maritima, 
mae in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 442. Créthamus, Cord. hist. 
390. c 1, Sampire, Petiv. hort. brit. t. 24. f. 8.—Lob. icon. 
os 1,—Bauh. hist. 3. p- 2. 194, f. 1. Moris. hist. 3. p. 
i sect, 9, t. 7. f. 1. Root branched, creeping extensively. 
“ie 8reenish-glaucous, salt, and pungently aromatic in flavour. 
ie pe coaing. Leaves biternate ; leaflets uniform, lanceo- 
Ones apering at the base. Leaves of involucra and involucels 
. — spreading, rather short. Flowers white, with yel- 
I, 
LXXXV. Cattamum. LXXXVI. Levisticum. 321 
lowish anthers. Samphire is called Perce-pierre and Saint-pierre 
of which our English name appears to be a corruption) in French; 
Meerfeuche in German; and Finnochio marino ìn Italian, The 
herb makes an old-fashioned English pickle, as those know 
who read Shakspeare’s King Lear. Itis sold in the London 
shops ; but there are many plants preferred for the same pur- 
pose, as Salicornea herbacea and Inila crithmif lia, &c., and is 
a frequent addition in salads, In taste it is crisp and aromatic, 
and constitutes alight and wholesome condiment. It is generally 
gathered in places where it is found wild; and the allusion to 
the practice by Shakspeare, in his description of Dover Cliffs, 
is well known. The plant is also used medicinally. 
Var. 3, Canariénse (Cav. anal. scienc. nat. 1801. vol. 3. p. 
35.) leaves more sheathing (ex Cav.), but the difference between 
the Canary Island plant and the European is hardly discernible. 
Sea-side or Common Samphire. Fl. Aug. Brit. Pl. 1 ft. 
Cult. | Samphire is propagated by parting the roots, or by 
sowing the seeds in April; but is rather difficult of cultivation. 
Marshall says “ it likes a cool situation; but yet prefers a 
sandy or a gravelly soil, and plenty of water. Some,” he adds, 
“ have found it to do best in pots, set for the morning sun only.” 
J. Braddick placed it in a sheltered dry situation, screened from 
the morning sun, protected it by litter during winter, and in 
spring sprinkled the soil with a little powdered barilla. ‘ This 
I do,” he says “ to furnish the plant with a supply of soda, since, 
in its native place of growth, it possesses the power of de- 
composing sea water, from which it takes the fossil alkali, and 
rejects the muriatic acid. With this treatment it has continued 
to flourish at Thames Ditton for some years, producing an 
ample supply of shoots, which are cut twice in the season, for 
pickling or to be used in salads. 
Tribe VI. 
ANGELI'CEZ (this tribe contains plants agreeing in im- 
portant characters with the genus Angélica) or Orthospérme 
paucijugate tetraptere, Koch, umb. p. 98. D.C. prod. 4. 
p. 164. Fruit compressed from the back, girded by a double 
dilated winged margin, from the raphe being central or nearly 
so, hence the fruit is furnished with 2 wings on both sides. 
Mericarps with 5 ribs: dorsal 3 filiform or winged : lateral 2 
always expanded into wings, and always broader than the dor- 
sal ones, even if they also should be winged. Seeds rather 
convex on the back, and flattish in front. 
LXXXVI. LEVI'STICUM (from levo, to assuage ; said to 
relieve flatulency). Koch, umb. p. 101. f. 41. D.C. prod. 4. 
p. 164.—Ligisticum, Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 91. but not of Koch. 
—Angélica species of Lam. All. and D. C,—Ligusticum species 
of Lin. and Spreng. 
Lin. syst. - Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete. 
Petals incurved, roundish, entire, with a short point. Fruit 
compressed from the back, having 2 wings on each side : 
the mericarps gaping towards the margin. Mericarps with 5 
winged ribs : the wings of the lateral ribs twice the breadth of 
the others; vittæ 1 in each furrow, and 2-4 in the commissure. 
Carpophore bipartite. Seed convex on the back, and flattish in 
front.—A strong, perennial, glabrous, smooth herb, Stems 
terete. Leaves ternately decompound ; leaflets obovate~cunea- 
ted, deeply toothed, rather coriaceous. Involucra and invo- 
lucels of many leaves. Flowers yellow. 
1 L. orricina're (Koch, l.c.). Y.H. Native of the Py- 
renees, Cevennes, Dauphiny, Liguria, west of Germany, and 
Transylvania. Ligtisticum Levisticum, Lin. spec. p. 359. 
Schultes, syst. 6. p. 567. Hayn. arz. gew, 7, t, 6. Woody, 
med. bot. t. 190. Blackw. icon, t. 275, Angélica paludapi- 
folia, Lam. dict. 1. p. 173. Angélica Levisticum, All. pedem, 
no, 1309. Levísticum vulgare, Moris. hist. sect. 9, t, 3. The 
T 
