re 
UMBELLIFERÆ. XCII. Feruta. 
inwardly of a paler colour, and frequently variegated with large 
white pieces. It is supposed to be an emmenagogue, but is sel- 
dom used. 
Chiron’s or Common Opopanax. 
Pl. 6 feet. 
Cult, This is a plant of easy culture; and may be increased 
either by seeds or dividing at the root. 
Fl, June, July, Cit. 1640. 
XCII. FE’RULA (from ferio, to strike ; stems used as rods). 
Tourn. inst. 321. t. 170. Lin. gen. no. 343. Spreng. umb. prod. 
P. 13. exclusive of some species.—Férula and Ferulago, Koch, 
umb, p. 96. and p. 97: 
Lin. syst. Penténdria, Digýnia. Margin of calyx with 5 
short teeth. Petals ovate, entire, acuminated, with the points 
ascending or incurved. Fruit flatly compressed from the back, 
girded by a flattened dilated margin. Mericarps with 3 dorsal 
filiform ribs, and 2 lateral obsolete ones, which are lost in the 
dilated margin. Vittæ 3 or more in the dorsal furrows, and 4 
or more in the commissure. Seed flat. Carpophore bipartite. 
—Herbs, with thick roots, tall stems, and supra-decompound 
leaves : leaflets usually cleft into linear segments. Umbels of 
many rays: lateral ones usually opposite or verticillate. Invo- 
lucra variable. Flowers yellow. Stems in many of the larger 
species filled with medulla, interspersed with fibres, as the stems 
of monocotyledonous plants. 
Secr. I. Frrvuta'co (an alteration from the generic name). 
Koch, umb. 97. Dorsal and commissural vittee numerous, from 
30 to 60. Involucra constantly of 4-8 leaves. Stems usually 
Striated or angular. 
1 F. sytva’tica (Bess. cont. enum. pl. vohl. et pod. p. 44. 
no. 1368.) stem terete, striated, rather angular; leaves pinnate, 
with 10-20 pairs of opposite bipinnate-parted leaflets; lobes or 
Segments linear, setaceous, cuspidate; leaves of involucra ovate- 
lanceolate, deflexed. Y%. H. Native of Volhynia, Caucasus, 
Podolia, and at the river Don, in woods and meadows. Peucé- 
danum officinale, Bess. prim. fl. galic. et cat. hort. crem. 1816. 
Férula nodiflora, Rochel. F. myriophylla, Bieb. mss. Ferulago 
sylvatica, Rchb. icon. bot. 4. p- 371. Leaves a foot or a foot 
and a half long. 
Wood Giant-fennel. Pl. 6 feet. 
2 F. paucrsuea (D. C. prod. 4. p. 171.) stem striated, angu- 
lar ; leaves pinnate, with 4-5 pairs of opposite leaflets ; leaflets 
bipinnatifid : lobes or segments linear; involucra of 2-5 erect 
faves, which are cuspidate at the apex, and membranously 
dilated at the base. Y%.H. Native of Persia, at the foot of 
the mountains about Badala, where it was gathered by Szowits. 
Allied to F, sylvatica, but differs in the stem being-more an- 
gular, and in the leaves being 3-4 inches long, and in the leaflets 
being only 4-5 pairs. Umbel terminal, of 12-14 very unequal 
rays. Herb glabrous, a foot and a half high. 
Fen-paired-leaved Giant-fennel. Pl. 14 foot. 
F. Feruza‘co (Lin. spec. p. 356.) stem terete, striated ; 
eaves supra-decompound ; leaflets pinnatifid, divaricate : seg- 
— linear, cuspidate ; leaves of involucra numerous, oblong- 
anceolate, reflexed. 4y. H. Native on hills and exposed 
Places in the islands of the Mediterranean, and the adjacent re- 
g'on; and of Transylvania and Gallicia. Spreng. umb. prod. 
D 82. F. nodiflòra, Jacq. austr. append. t. 5. and probably of 
all other authors.—F. latiore folio, Moris, ox. sect. 9. t. 15. 
ob. icon. t. 779. Dodon. pempt. t. 321. f. 2. 
a erulago or Broad-leaved Giant-fennel. Fl. June, July. Pl. 
to 8 feet. 
4 F, GENICULA Ta (Guss. prod. fl. sic. 1. p. 366.) stem terete, 
5 es striated, gibbous at the nodi; leaves supra-decompound ; 
fallets decussate: segments linear, flat, acute, stiff, rather 
325 
awned ; floriferous branches alternate; leaves of involucra and 
involucels ovate-lanceolate, short; fruit oblong-elliptic, with 
acute prominent ribs. 2%. H. Native of Sicily and the king- 
dom of Naples, on dry calcareous hills. F. rígida, Tenore, fl. 
neap. append. 4. p. 15. exclusive of the synonymes. Bubon 
rigidus, Ucria ex Guss.—Bocc. mus. 2. t. 76. ? 
Geniculate-leaved Giant-fennel. Pl. 2 to 3 feet. 
5 F. ruyrsrrzora (Sibth and Smith, fl. greec. t. 280, prod. 
no. 664.) stem angular and furrowed at the top; floriferous 
branches terminal, aggregate, compound ; leaves supra-decom- 
pound ; leaflets linear, elongated, roughish ; leaves of involucra 
4-6, linear-lanceolate. 2. H. Native of Candia, on rocks. 
Ferulago thyrsifléra, Koch, umb. p. 98. Vittæ above 30 in the 
commissure, according to Koch, but in a specimen examined 
there are only from 20 to 25. 
Thyrse-flowered Giant-fennel. F]. June, July, Clt. 1825. 
Pl. 4 to 6 feet. i 
6 F. surca`ra (Desf. atl. 1. p. 352. t. 67.) stem angular and 
furrowed ; leaves supra-decompound ; leaflets pinnatifid: lobes 
linear, acuminated ; leaves of involucra many, oblong-linear, re- 
flexed. 2%. H. Native of Italy, Naples, Sicily, Mauritania, 
and Portugal, on hills. F. nodiflora, Spreng. umb. spec. p. 84. 
but the figure of F. nodiflora in fl. greec. is destitute of involucra, 
and therefore does not belong to this plant; therefore the plant 
of Linneus is truly doubtful. F. Barreliéri, Tenore, in herb. 
Merat. Ferulago nodifléra, Koch, umb. p. 98. Ligisticum 
liteum, Poir. voy. barb. 2. p. 136. ex Poir. suppl. 3. p. 481. 
Peucédanum Lusitánicum and rupéstre, Willd. herb. ex Spreng. 
syst. 1. p. 914. Vittæ 60 in the commissure, ex Koch. 
Var. B, campéstris (Bess. in litt. ex Spreng. syst. 1. p. 914.) 
segments of leaves linear-elongated. 2/.H. Native of Tauria. 
Furrowed-stemmed Giant-fennel. F}. June, July. Clt. 1596. 
Pl. 3 feet. 
7 F. srricra (Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 592.) stem 
straight, stiff, furrowed; leaves ternately supra-decompound, 
straight; leaflets triternate, triquetrous, filiform, glabrous ; 
leaves of involucra ovate-oblong. %.G. Native of the Cape 
of Good Hope. 
Straight Giant-fennel. FI. June, July. Clt. 1818. Pl. 2 feet. 
Secr. II. Feruna ria (an alteration from the generic name). 
D. C. prod. 4. p. 172.—Férula, Koch, umb. p. 96. Vittæ 3 in 
each of the dorsal furrows, and 4 in the commissure. Involucra 
wanting. Stems terete. 
* Stem leafy. 
8 F. commu'nts (Lin. spec. p. 355) stem terete, branched ; 
leaves supra-decompound, green ; leaflets linear-setaceous, flac- 
cid ; central umbel nearly sessile: lateral ones male, peduncu- 
late; involucra wanting; sheaths of upper leaves very large. 
Native on hills in the region of the Mediterranean, 
from Portugal to Greece, and of Mauritania. D.C. fl. fr. 3. p. 
343. F. nodifldra, Lin. spec. 356? Smith, fl. græc. t. 279.— 
Dodon. pempt. p. 321. f. 1. Lob. icon. t, 778. f. 2.—F. fémina, 
Plum. Tourn. Moris, umb, 35. t. 2. hist. 3. p. 509. sect. 9. t. 
15. f.3. Lateral umbels usually opposite, rising from the axils 
of the sheathing petioles under the central umbel. Fruit 5 lines 
long, and 3 lines broad. There issues from the stem whien cut 
a yellowish fetid juice, which hardens on the surface of the 
wound. The dry dead stem is full of white pith, which easily 
takes fire, and the Sicilians use it for tinder. Hence the fable 
of Prometheus. In Apulia, where the plant grows in great 
plenty, it is grateful to buffaloes, which form the chief part of 
the subsistence of many farmers there. 
Common Giant-fennel, Fl. June, July. Clt. 1597, Pl. 8 
to 12 feet. 
