326 UMBELLIFERE. 
9 F. erav’ca (Lin. spec. p. 588.) stem terete, branched ; 
leaves supra-decompound, glaucous beneath; leaflets linear, 
elongated, flat; involucra wanting; petioles of upper leaves 
dilated ; central umbel pedunculate ; lateral ones male, on longer 
peduncles. 2{.H. Native of the south of France, at Merival, 
near Montpelier in the spot mentioned by Lobel ; also of Pro- 
vence, Italy, Sicily, Greece, &c. F. folio glatico, Bauh. hist. 3. 
p. 2. p. 45. with a figure. Férula et Ferulago, Lob. adv. p. 348. 
F. comminis, Gouan. hort. monsp. p. 140. F. glaúca, D. C. fi. 
fr. suppl. p. 514. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 588. Leaves of involucra 
many, linear-setaceous, caducous, ex Spreng. but in the plants 
examined there has been no involucra seen; therefore Sprengel’s 
plant is probably distinct from this. 
Glaucous Giant-fennel. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1556. 
to 8 feet. 
10 F. ricr'puta (D. C. prod. 4. p. 172.) stem terete, branch- 
ed, and is, as well as the petioles, quite glabrous; leaves bipin- 
nate ; leaflets pinnatifid: lobes short, few, acute, channelled, 
stiffish, hardly puberulous; umbels rather panicled, without any 
involucra. 2. H. Native of Persia, on rocks among the 
mountains about Seidkhodz. Very like F, Caéspica in the in- 
florescence and fruit, but differs in the primary pairs of leaves 
being an inch and a half distance from each other, and the 
secondary pairs are more elongated ; leaflets fewer ; lobes fewer, 
stiffer, and rather fleshy. Sheaths larger, and rather glaucous. 
Stifish Giant-fennel. Pl. 3 feet ? 
11 F. Ca’spica (Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. no. 551.) stem terete, 
branched ; leaves triplicately pinnate: leaflets pinnatifid, soft, 
approximate; segments very short ; umbels somewhat panicled ; 
the peduncles of the lateral umbels furnished each with a subulate 
ligula at the base; involucra none. 2%. Native of arid 
fields from Odessa to Sarepta; and of Caucasus, near Kisliar. 
Spreng. umb. spec. p. 8l. F. cachroides, Fisch. in litt. 1822. 
There are varieties of this with either glabrous or pubescent 
leaves, according to Bieb. The habit is like that of Cachrys 
Odontdlgica. Sheaths cucullate: upper ones almost destitute of 
leaves. Fruit oval, glabrous, 3 lines long, 14 line broad. Com- 
missure furnished with 4 vittee. -Umbel-bearing branches alter- 
nate: lower ones often opposite, and upper ones in whorles. 
Perhaps a species of Peucédanum, according to Besser. 
Caspian Giant-fennel. FI. June, July. Clt. 1819. 
to 3 feet. 
12 F. ortenta‘zis (Lin. spec, p. 356.) stem terete, branched ; 
leaves 5 times pinnate; leaflets multifid, setaceous, apparently 
puberulous when examined by a lens; sheaths large, cucullate ; 
involucra wanting. %. H. Native of Asia Minor, Greece, Cau- 
casus on Mount Beschbarmak, and perhaps of Numidia. Lam. 
dict. 2. p.455. Spreng. umb. spec. p. 89.? Tourn. trav. 2. t. 379. 
Branches of root thick. Leaves a foot and a half long. Upper 
sheaths 3 inches long, and an inch broad. Sprengel refers to this 
the Fashook of Jackson’s account of Morocco, t. 7. Steven 
says it is the same as F. peucedanifolia, Willd. herb., but 
Pallas’s figure, which is cited for it, is very different from our 
plant. 
Eastern Giant-fennel. 
4 feet. 
18 F. Pe'rsica (Willd. spec. 1. p. 1413.) stem terete, glau- 
cous; leaves ternately supra-decompound ; leaflets rather re- 
mote or decurrently pinnate : segments linear-lanceolate, dilated, 
and cut at the apex; primordial umbel sessile; involucra and 
involucels wanting. %.H. Native of Persia; and of Caucasus, 
on hills near Baku. Andr. bot. reg. 558. Sims, bot. mag. 
2096. F. assafoe’tida, Mart. in Mill. dict. no. 9. exclusive of 
the synonyme of Kcoemf. Woody. med. bot. 22. t. 8. Plench. 
icon. t. 208. Assafoe’tida, Hoppe, in phil. trans. 1785. p. 86. 
t. 3.and 4. The plant smells very strong of assafcetida, and 
Pl. 6 
Pl. 2 
Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1759. Pl. 3 to 
XCII. FERULA. 
there is a yellow gummy juice very like it flows from the plant, 
which in all probability has the same virtues as that of the true 
assafœtida, F. assafæ'tida. Plant of a yellowish hue. 
Persian Assafcetida. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1782. Pl. 3 to 6 ft. 
14 F. Tinerra‘na (Lin. spec. p. 355.) stem terete, branched; 
leaves supra-decompound, shining ; leaflets or segments oblong- 
lanceolate, deeply toothed ; upper petioles large, sheathing; ter- 
minal umbels on short peduncles: lateral umbels few, male, on 
longer peduncles; involucra none. %4. H. Native of Spain 
and Barbary, and in fields about Tangiers. Rivin. pentap. 3. t 
10. Herm. par. t. 165. Moris. ox. sect. 9. t. 15. last figure, 
Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 251. Fruit 6 lines long, and 3 lines broad. 
This plant is easily distinguished from the rest, in the leaflets 
being broader, and shining. 
Tangier Giant-fennel. 
to 8 feet. 
15 T. nu‘ (Spreng. umb. spec. 81. t. 7. f. 15.) stem terete, 
striated, branched; leaves ternately bipinnatifid, glaucous ; seg- 
ments obtuse, rather tridentate; involucra and involucels none. 
%. H. Native of Siberia. Petioles sheathing at the base, 
glaucous. Branches spreading. Stem about the thickness of a 
goose quill, girded by fibres at the base, just at the neck. 
Naked Giant-fennel. Fl. Ju. July. Cit. 1821. Pl. 1 to 2 ft. 
16 F., Totucce’nsis (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. et spec. 5. p 
12. t. 418.) stem terete, fistular; leaves quadripinnate ; leaflets 
or segments linear, acute, flat; involucrum of one leaf; involu- 
cels of 3-7 linear leaves, which exceed the fruit. 2.F. Native 
of Mexico, in cold places near the town of Tolucco. Herb gla- 
brous, a foot high, a little more. Rays of umbel unequal. 
Leaf of involucrum linear, shorter than the rays of the umbel. 
Leaves of involucels 5-6, very unequal, the longer ones exceed- 
ing the umbellules. Flowers many, abortive. Vittae 4 in the 
commissure, and 3 in the furrows. 
Tolucco Giant-fennel. Pl. 14 foot. ; 
17 F. retiota‘ris (D. C. prod. 4. p. 173.) plant quite gla- 
brous; stems terete, branched, leafy at the base ; petioles biter- 
nate, having the ultimate divisions very long, and cylindrically 
conical, acute, bearing no foliaceous segments ; upper sheaths 
small, undivided, acuminated ; involucra and involucels none. 
Y. H. Native of Persia, among stones on the tops of the moun- 
tains about Seidkhodz, where it was collected by Szowits. The 
species is very remarkable in the absence of foliaceous leaflets, 
and therefore the leaves are reduced to the naked petioles. Ul- 
timate lobes of petioles 7-8 inches long, usually knotted at the 
third part of their length, as in Jéincus articulatus, the knots m- 
dicating the places of the abortive branches. Umbels few-flow- 
ered. Young fruit oblong, glaucous. 
Petiolar Giant-fennel. Pl. 2 to 4 feet ? 
18 F. sesrxorpxs (Meyer, pflanz. p. 126.) glabrous, glauces- 
cent; stem rather angular, leafy, branched ; lower leaves bipin- 
nate; leaflets pinnatifid: lobes linear ; sheaths narrow: uppe? 
sheaths leafless, acuminated; umbels all fertile, pedunculate; 
involucra almost wanting; leaves of involucel setaceous ; vitt® 
1-3 in the furrows. 2. H. Native of Caucasus, on Mount 
Beschbarmak. Leaves of Séseli montanum; but the petals are 
yellow like other species of Férula. Margin of calyx obsolete- 
Fruit nearly like Peucédanum. 
Seseli-like Giant-fennel. Pl. 2 to 3 feet? 
Fl. ‘June, July. Clt. 1680. Pl. 6 
** Stems almost naked. 
19 F. A’ssa-ra@’r1pa (Lin. mat. med. 79.) stem terete, SIM- 
ple, furnished with leafless sheaths; radical leaves pinnate, hav- 
ing 1 or 2 pinnatifidly sinuated leaflets on each side: lobes ob- 
long, obtuse ; involucra wanting. Y.H. Native of Persia, 1n 
the provinces of Khorassan, Laar, and Fars. A’ssa-foe'tida, 
Keempf. amoen. p. 535. and p. 536. with a figure. Stem 
1 
