338 
pressed (f. 64. c.) from the back. Mericarps with 5 filiform, 
rather keeled ribs, at equal distances, approximate : lateral ribs 
dilated into a membranous margin (f. 64. c.), broader than the 
fruit. Vittee solitary in the furrows, and filling them, and twin 
in the commissure. Carpophore bipartite. Seed flat.—Gla- 
brous herbs, natives of North America, in marshes. Stems te- 
rete. Leaves reduced to the petioles, which are terete, acute, 
fistular, and jointed, without any leaflets. Involucra and invo- 
lucels of 4-5 subulate leaves. Flowers white.—Habit of Sium, 
Œnánthe, and Ottòa, but the fruit is that of Anéthum, and the 
anthers are very different from those of all other umbelliferous 
plants. 
1 T. reretironma (D. C. 
prod. 4. p. 187.). ©? H. Na- 
tive of Carolina. Œnánthe filifór- 
mis, Walt. car. p. 113. but not 
of Lam. Œnánthe Caroliniénsis, 
Pers. ench. 1. p. 318. Pursh, 
fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 194. Slum 
teretifòlium, Ell. sketch. 1. p. 
354. (fig. 64.) 
Terete-leaved Tiedemannia. 
Pl. 1 foot. 
Cult. Sow the seeds of this 
plant in a pot filled with peat, 
and place a pan of water under 
it. 
CIV. ARCHEMO'RA (from Archemorus, in mythology, 
son of Lycurgus, slain by an adder ; in reference to the poison- 
ous quality of the plants). D.C. coll. diss. 5. p. 52. prod. 4. 
p. 188. 
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. 
Petals obcordate, with an inflexed point. Fruit compressed 
from the back, flat, oval, or obovate. Mericarps with 5 filiform, 
rather keeled ribs at equal distances, approximate; lateral ones 
dilated into a membranous margin, which is almost broader than 
the seeds. Vittæ solitary in the furrows, and filling them ; but 
twin in the commissure. Carpophore bipartite. Seed flat.— 
Marsh herbs, natives of North America. Leaves pinnate. In- 
volucrum wanting, or of few leaves; involucels of many leaves. 
Flowers white. Habit of @indntheor Sium. Fruit of Pastinaca. 
1 A. amsreva (D.C. prod. 4. p. 188.) stem smooth ; leaves 
pinnate: with 3-5 pairs of linear, sessile, undivided, acute 
leaves ; involucrum wanting: involucels of 3-5 subulate leaves; 
fruit oval. 2.B.H. Native of New Jersey, and about Phi- 
ladelphia, in marshes. (Œnánthe ambígua, Nutt. gen. amer. 1. 
p. 189. Pastinaca ambígua, Torr. fl. un. st. 1. p. 315. Sium 
longifdlium, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 194. Habit almost of 
Gindnthe peucedanif dlia, ex Nutt. Hardly distinct from the 
foliowing. This is a truly poisonous herb. 
Ambiguous Archemora. PI. 6 to 10 feet. 
2 A. rreiwa (D. C. prod. 4. p. 188.) stem striated ; leaves 
pinnate; leaflets sessile, oblong-lanceolate, marginate, almost 
entire ; involucrum wanting; involucels of 6-8 subulate leaves ; 
fruit oval. Y%. B. H. Native of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, 
Maryland, and Carolina, in bogs and marshes. Sium rigidus, 
Lin. spec. p. 362. Sison marginatum, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. 
p. 168. (Œnánthe rígida, Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 189. . Pasti- 
nàca rígida, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 586. Torr. fl. un. 
st. 1. p. 314. This plant is very poisonous, according to Bar- 
ton, comp. fl. phil. 1. p. 142. 
Stiff Archemora. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1774. Pl. 2 to 3 ft. 
3 A. rricusripa'ta (D. C. prod. 4. p. 188.) leaves pinnate ; 
lower leaflets lanceolate: upper ones obovate, tridentate; in- 
volucrum caducous. %. B.H. Native of Carolina, in humid 
UMBELLIFERZ. CIII. TIEDEMANNIA. 
CIV. Arcnemora. CV. PASTINACA. 
Sium 
places. Slum tricuspidatum, Ell. sketch. 1. p. 354. 
According to Elliot, this is very like 
rigidius, Walt. car. 114. 
the preceding species. 
Tricuspidate-leafletted Archemora. PI. 2 feet? 
4 A. penticuta’ta (D. C. prod. 4. p. 188.) leaves pinnate ; 
with usually 3 pairs of oval, denticulated, acute leaflets ; invo- 
lucra of 2 leaves, rarely wanting, 4. B. H. Native of 
Georgia, in humid places, and along the sides of water. Stem 
3-4 feet high. 
Denticulated-leaved Archemora. PI. 3 to 4 feet. 
Cult. The species of Archemdra grow best in peat earth, 
in a moist situation; and they will be easily increased by divid- 
ing at the root. 
CV. PASTINA'CA (from pastinum, a dibble; in reference 
to the form of the root). Tourn. inst. $19. t. 170. Lin. gen. 
no. 362. Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 92. Kunth, umb. p. 90. f. 26 
and 27. D. C. prod. 4. p. 188.—Pastinaca and Malabaíla, 
Hoffm. umb. p. 122 and 125.—Pastinàca species, Spreng. 
Lin. syst. Pentándria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete, 
or minutely denticulated. Petals roundish, entire, involute : 
with a broad, retuse point. Fruit compressed from the back, 
girded by a dilated, complanate margin. Ribs of mericarps very 
slender : the 3 dorsal ones at equal distances : and the 2 lateral 
ones contiguous to the dilated margin. Vittæ linear, acute, 
hardly shorter than the ribs, solitary in the furrows, but twin or 
more in the commissure. Carpophore bipartite. Seed flat— 
Herbs with fusiform, usually fleshy roots. Leaves pinnate ; 
leaflets toothed, cut, or lobed. Umbels compound. Involuera 
and involucels none, or of very few leaves. Flowers yellow. 
1 P. satrva (Lin. spec. 376.) stem furrowed ; leaves pm- 
nate, downy beneath ; leaflets ovate, serrated, and cut: the ter- 
minal one 3-lobed; involucra and involucels generally ise 
but there is occasionally a solitary leaf under the general as wel 
as partial umbels; teeth of calyx obsolete ; fruit oval; commis- 
sure of fruit furnished with 2 vitte. ¢.H. Native of Eu- 
rope, even to Caucasus, in meadows. In Britain, about 
borders of fields, on hillocks and dry banks in a chalky sou. 
North America, on the banks of the Saskatchawan and Re 
river. South America, about Buenos Ayres. Hoffm. umb. 
123. t. 1. f. 11. Hayn. arz. gew. 7. t. 16. Smith, engl. bot. 
t. 556. Mart. fl. rust. 83. Lam. ill. t. 206. Selinum Pasti- 
nàca, Crantz, aust. 161. Anéthum Pastinàca, Wib. werth. P: 
911. P. opaca, Horn. hort. hafn. add. p. 961. P, sylvéstris, 
Huds. 125. P. sylvéstris, latifòlia, Raii, syn. 206. Mor. oxon. 
3. p. 314. sect. 9. t. 16. f. 2. Pastinàca, Trag. hist. 439. pre 
Riv. pent. irr. t. 6. Siser sylvéstre, Fuchs, hist. 753. wit a 
figure. Root spindle-shaped, white, aromatic, sel 
and sweet, with a degree of acrimony, which it loses by culti- 
vation, becoming var. ĝ, the eatable garden parsnip. Flowers 
yellow: the innermost ones of the umbel frequently abortive. 
The leaves are sometimes downy on both surfaces. 
Var. B, edilis (D. C. prod. 4. p. 189.) leaves glabrous on 
both surfaces, shining above; root thick, fleshy, $+ H. ** 
doméstica, Math. valgr. 2. p. 106. with a figure. Lob. icon. 
709. Blackw. 379. Cam. epit. 507. with a figure. P. sativa 
Mill. dict. no. 2. aie 
The garden parsnip, is called Panais, in French, Pastina ; 
in German, and Pastinaca in Italian. It has smooth leaves, ie 
a light yellowish green colour, in which it differs from the r 
plant, the leaves of which are downy and dark green; the roo x 
also are thick and fleshy, and have a milder taste; it pce 
differ so much from the native plant, as the cultivated does fro 
the native carrot. ; ; Pe 
Use.—The parsnip has long been an inmate of the gar a 
and was formerly much used. * In Catholic times it was 2 famo 
