340 
Cultivated or Garden Parsnip. Fl. Jul. - Brit. Pl. 3 to 4 ft. 
2 P. ratiro xia (D. C. mem. soc. vol. 4. prod. 4. p. 189.) 
stem terete, striated, pubescent, as well as the petioles and leaves 
on the under surface; leaves pinnate; leaflets of the lower 
leaves large, and dilated at the base, and rather cut; of the 
cauline leaves ovate; involucra and involucels wanting; teeth 
of calyx obsolete ; fruit oval: having the commissure furnished 
with 2 vitte. 2.H. Native of Corsica, where it was gathered 
by Soleirol. It differs from P. sativa in the stem being terete, 
not furrowed ; and from P. divaricata in the fruit being oval, not 
orbicular, in the commissure being furnished with 2 vittee, not 
with 4-6 ; and from the other species in the leaflets of the radical 
leaves being large. 
Var. a, velutina (D. C. prod. 4. p. 189.) leaves clothed with 
velvety pubescence on both surfaces. 2/.H. Native of Cor- 
sica, at St. Florent. P. Kochii, var. latifolia, Duby, in D. C, 
bot. gall. 1. p. 220. . 
Var. B, glabrata (D. C. prod. 4. p. 189.) leaves glabrous 
above, hardly pubescent beneath. X4. H. Native country 
unknown, but cultivated in the botanic garden at Geneva. 
Broad-leaved Parsnip. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1830. Sh. 3 to 4 ft. 
3 P. pivarica’ra (Desf. cat. hort. par. 1815. p. 139.) stem 
terete, striated; leaves pinnate, clothed with short pubescence 
on both surfaces ; radical leaves with 9-11 leaflets : cauline ones 
with 3-5 ; leaflets ovate, cuneated at the base, or cordate, undi- 
vided, sharply serrated : teeth mucronate ; terminal leaflet larger 
and somewhat 3-lobed; involucra and involucels wanting ; fruit 
nearly, orbicular. 2%. H. Native of Corsica, at Bastia. P. 
gravéolens, Salzm. exsic. Koch, umb. 91. but not of Bieb. 
P. sativa, Thom. exsic. P. velutina, Koch, in litt. P. Kochii, 
var. Duby, in bot. gall. 1. p. 230. Vittæ 4-6 in the commis- 
sure, usually interrupted, 2 of which are generally larger than 
the rest. 
Divaricate Parsnip. Pl. 3 to 4 feet. 
4 P. xv'cipa (Lin. mant. 58.) stem furrowed, much branched ; 
leaves glabrous, stiff, crenated, reticulated beneath: radical ones 
cordate, usually lobed; cauline leaves ternate or quinate ; leaf- 
lets attenuated at the base: upper ones ovate-rhomboid ; umbels 
numerous, rather panicled; involucra of 1 leaf; fruit orbicu- 
Jar. &. H. Native of Balearic Islands. Gouan. ill. 19. t. 
11,12. Jacq. hort. vind. t.199. Root thick, milky. Stem 
when cut yielding a whitish, fetid, rue-like, tenaceous gum. 
Flowers yellow. 
Shining Parsnip. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1771. Pl. 3 to 4 ft. 
5 P. umsrosa (Stev. in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 189.) stem 
furrowed, angular ; leaves pinnate, pubescent on the nerves and 
petioles ; leaflets oval-oblong, serrate-toothed : terminal leaflet 
somewhat 3-lobed ; umbels numerous, rather panicled ; invo- 
lucels dimidiate; fruit oval. %. H. Native of Tauria. This 
species was formerly confused with P. gravéolens, but is truly 
distinct from it. 
Shady Parsnip. Pl. 2 to 3 feet. 
6 P. srenoca’rpa (D. C. prod. 4. p. 189.) stem striated, gla- 
brous ; leaves smoothish, pinnate; leaflets decurrent, oblong- 
linear, cut, and toothed: involucra wanting ; involucels of few 
leaves ; fruit oblong.—Native of Siberia. Umbels and umbel- 
lules of many rays. Fruit 3 lines long and a line broad, quite 
glabrous ; lateral ribs not expanded into wings, but all filiform, 
as well as the vittæ. Vittee twin in the commissure, solitary 
in the dorsal furrows, and often wanting in the lateral furrows. 
Narron-fruited Parsnip. Pl. 2 to 3 feet ? 
7 P, crave‘oLens (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 237.) stem furrowed ; 
leaves pinnate, hoary from short down; leaflets ovate, lobed, 
and toothed; involucels dimidiate ; fruit oval. 4%. H. Native 
of Caucasus, at Sarepta, and of Tauria and Podolia. Schultes, 
syst. 6. p. 584. Malabaila gravéolens, Hoffm. umb. p. 126. 
UMBELLIFERZ, CV. Pasrinaca. 
CVI. Lerorvtus. 
CVII. Asrypamra. 
and 209. t. 1. B. f. 6. 
tent. 1. p. 12. 
Strong-scented Parsnip. FI. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1817, Pl. 2 ft. 
8 P. Se’kaxut (Russ. besch. alep. p. 157.) stem terete, 
downy, branched ; Jeaves pinnate, puberulous; leaflets pinna- 
tifid, cut, bluntly and unequally toothed ; peduncles villous; 
involucra none ; involucels of 1-2 leaves; fruit ovate-orbicular. 
$.H. Native of Syria, about Aleppo; and of Egypt, near 
Alexandria. Herdcleum pumilum, Viv. in litt. T ordyliam 
suavéolens, Delille, ill. fl. egypt. no. 323. Pastindca dissécta, 
Vent. cels. t. 78. Sécacul, Rauw. reis. 1. p. 746. ex Vent. J. 
Bauh. hist. 3. p. 66. with a figure.—Moris, oxon. sect. 9. t. 4, 
ultimate figure, and therefore Tordylium Sékakul, Mill.-dict. no. 
5. Root grey on the outside and white inside, edible. Accord- 
ing to Olivier this species of parsnip is cultivated in the Levant 
under the name of Sekakul. 
Sekakul Parsnip. Pl. 1 to 2 feet. 
9 P. rimprnettorpss (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 237. suppl. 247.) 
stem angular, branched; leaves pinnate, pubescent ; leaflets 
rather trifid, cut: segments cuneated, deeply serrated: lower 
ones reflexed: upper ones linear-lanceolate ; involucra of 1-3 
leaves; involucels of 4-5 leaves, dimidiate, deciduous ; fruit 
orbicular. ¢. H. Native of Caucasus and Iberia, in grassy 
places; and of Persia, near Seidkhodzi, in sandy places. Buxb. 
cent. 3. t. 27. Mill. fig. t. 266. Malabaila pimpinellifolia, 
Hoffm. umb. 126. and 209. t. 1. f. 6. a. b. Heracléum pimpi- 
nellifdlium, Spreng. tent. 12. 
Pimpinella-like Parsnip. Fl. Jul. Aug. Cit. 1818. P1.2 ft. 
10 P. oprusiro't1a (D.C. prod. 4. p. 190.) plant glabrous ; 
stem terete, a little branched; leaves pinnate and ternate ; Jeaf- 
lets pinnatifid, thick : lobes obovate, obtuse, quite entire; Invo- 
lucra of a few very short leaves; fruit obovate. %. H. Na- 
tive of Spain, and on the shore of the Euxine sea. Peucédanum 
obtusifélium, Sibth. and Smith, fl. greec. t. 277. prod. 1. p. 189. 
and in Rees’ cycl. no. 10. Petals cream-coloured. Fruit with 
rather tumid margins. Nearly allied to P. pimpinellifolia. 
Obtuse-leaved Parsnip. Pl. 1 to 2 feet. i 
Cult. The species are only to be increased by seed, which 
should be sown in spring in the open ground. 
Herácleum gravèolens, Spreng. umb, 
CVI. LEIO'TULUS (from soc, leios, smooth, and oug WTOS, 
ous otos, an ear ; in allusion to the smooth dilated margin of the 
fruit). Ehrenb. in Linnæa. 1829. p. 399. D. C. prod. 4. p. 669. 
Lin. syst. Pentándria, Digynia. Teeth of calyx obsolete. 
Petals roundish, entire, involute, with a broad retuse segment. 
Fruit flatly compressed, having a smooth thickened dilated mar- 
gin: and 3 intermediate approximate ribs, and 2 very remote 
lateral ones; vittæ filiform, solitary in the furrows, and distant 
in the commissure.—Herb a span high. Leaves bipinnatifid. 
Involucrum wanting. Involucels of a few very fine entire 
leaves, but often wanting altogether. Flowers yellow. 
1 L. Arexanprr'nus (Ehrenb. 1. c.)—Native of Egypt, near 
Alexandria, on hills towards Rosetta. 
Alexandrian Leiotulus. Pl. 4 to 4 foot. Ee 
Cult. Sow the seeds in’a warm sheltered situation in the 
open ground. 
CVII. ASTYDA'MIA (a mythological name, daughter of 
Oceanus; the plant grows on the borders of the ocean, 10 the 
Canary Islands). D. C. coll. diss. 5. p. 53. t. 1. f. D. prod. 4. 
p. 190. hed 
Lin. syst. Pentándria, Diginia. Margin of calyx 6-toothed- 
Petals obovate, entire, with an inflexed acumen. Stylopodium 
thick ; styles very short. Fruit compressed from the back, 
girded by a thick, dilated margin; mericarps rather ee 
furnished with 3 crested, approximate, short ribs on the back : 
