342 UMBELLIFERZ. 
crenate-serrated ; lobes acuminated; flowers rather radiating ; 
involucra almost wanting; leaves of involucels linear; fruit 
obovate. X4. H. Native of Abruzzo, in gravelly parts of 
mountains. Habit of H. alpinum, but the flowers are greenish. 
Commissure of fruit furnished with 2 vittae. 
Orsin’s Cow-parsnip. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 
6 H. av’reum (Sibth. and Smith, fi. gree. t. 282. prod. 1. 
p. 192.) stem much branched; leaves pinnate ; leaflets lobed, 
cut, pubescent: of the radical ones roundish ; umbels usually of 
3 rays; flowers radiating; fruit orbicular ; involucra and invo- 
lucels almost wanting; vitte semi-circular. ¢. H. Native 
on Mount Parnassus. Habit of Pastindca sativa ; but the petals 
are obcordate, with an inflexed mucrone. Flowers golden yel- 
low. Vittæ linear. 
Golden-flowered Cow-parsnip. Pl. 1 to 2 feet. 
Secr. III. Sponpy’t1um (orovòvioc, spondylos, vertebra; re- 
semblance in the articulations of the stem). Hoffm. umb. p. 129. 
D. C. prod. 4. p. 192. Commissure of fruit furnished with 2 
vittee. Umbels of many rays, radiating. Petals white. 
7 H. ronciròLum (Jacq. aust. t. 174.) leaves scabrous, pin- 
nate, or pinnatifid from the coalition of the leaflets ; leaflets or 
lobes elongated, deeply crenated ; leaves of involucels linear- 
setaceous; fruit glabrous, cuneiform. %. H. Native of Aus- 
tria, in alpine meadows. Host. fl. austr. 1. p. 374. An inter- 
mediate species between H. flavéscens and Spondyli Petals 
at first green, but at length becoming white, obcordate: outer 
ones radiating a little. Fruit larger and much more cuneated 
than in the above-mentioned species. 
Long-leaved Cow-parsnip. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1800. Pl. 6 ft. 
8 H. parmati'Lopum (D.C. prod. 4. p. 192.) upper cauline 
leaves 5-parted from the top of the sheath, or 3-parted; outer 
lobes bipartite, all elongated, coarsely toothed, glabrous above, 
but roughish beneath; leaves of involucels linear-setaceous; 
fruit glabrous in all states, obovate. Y%. H. Native country 
unknown. Flowers white, radiating a little. It differs from 
H. Spondylium in the leaves being palmate-parted, not pinnate- 
parted, less rough, and in the fruit being more obovate. Pro- 
bably H. élegans of many authors is the same as this species. 
Palmate-lobed-\eaved Cow-parsnip. PI. 4 to 5 feet. 
9 H. Sronpy'trum (Lin. spec. 1. p. 358.) leaves ternate, pin- 
nate, or pinnatifid from the coalition of the leaflets, scabrous ; 
leaflets pinnatifid, cut, and serrated ; leaves of involucels lan- 
ceolate, membranous, finely fringed, with Jong taper points ; fruit 
orbicular, glabrous. &.H. Native of Europe, and probably 
of Siberia, in hedges, the borders of fields, and rather moist 
meadows, very common; plentiful in some parts of Britain. 
Smith, engl. bot. t. 939. Hayn. arz. gew. 7. t. 10. H. pro- 
teifórme, Crantz, aust. 3. p. 11. H. branca ursina, All. pedem. 
no. 1291. Spondylium Raii, syn. 205. Ger. emac. 1009. with 
a figure. Camer. epit. 548. with a figure. Riv. pent. irr. t. 4. 
and of many other old authors. Spondylium bránca, Scop. 
carn. no. 335. Spondylium branca ursina, Hoffm. umb. 132. 
t. 1. f. 11.—Acanthus Germanica, Fuchs, hist. 53. with a figure. 
Cow-parsnip. Petiv. herb. brit. t. 24. f. 1. Root taper-shaped, 
whitish, aromatic, sweetish, and rather mucilaginous. Stem 
rough, with white hairs. Flowers more or less radiant, white 
or reddish, The whole plant is wholesome and nourishing food 
for cattle ; and is gathered in Sussex for fattening hogs, being 
known by the name of hog-weed. The seeds are strong-scented, 
and are accounted diuretic and. stomachic. Linnzus says the 
plant is used in Scania against dysentery. Gmelin says that 
the inhabitants of Kamtschatka, about the beginning of July, 
collect the footstalks of the radical leaves, and after peeling off 
the rind (which is very acrid) dry them separately in the sun, and 
then tying them in bundles, lay them up carefully in the shade 
1 
_ leaflets cuneated, ovate, coarsely and deeply serrated. 
CIX. HERACLEUM. 
in bags ; in this state they are covered with a yellow saccharine 
efflorescence, tasting like liquorice ; this being shaken off is 
eaten as a great delicacy. The Russians distil an ardent spirit 
from the stalks thus prepared, by first fermenting them in water, 
with the greater bilberries (Vaccinium uliginòsum), which Gme- 
lin says is more agreeable to the taste than spirits made from 
corn. 
Var. B, angustifdlium (Smith, fl. brit. 307.) leaves deeply 
pinnatifid; the 2 lowest lobes elongated, and spreading in a 
radiating manner. ¢.H. Native of Yorkshire. Mr. Wood- 
ward has found this variety growing on the same root with the 
common kind. 
Var. y, élegans (Jacq. austr. t. 175.) leaflets decussate, nar- 
row, toothed. ¢.H. Native of Austria, Piedmont, &c. 
Var. ò, lacinidtum (Desf. hort. par. ex D.C. prod. 4. Pe 
ee a 
Native country unknown. 
Var. e, subcanéscens (D. C. prod. 4. p. 192.) leaves canescent 
beneath. &. H. Native of France. This variety differs 
from H. Pyrendica in the ovaries being glabrous. ; 
Spondylium or Common Cow-parsnip. Fl. Jul. Brit. Pl. 4ft. 
10 H: Ca’sricum (Hortul. ex D.C. prod. 4. p. 192.) leaves 
pinnate, scabrous ; leaflets elongated, cut, and toothed, acumin- 
ated; leaves of involucrum linear, broadest at the base ; leaves 
of involucels setaceous, ciliated on both sides with long villi; 
fruit obovate, glabrous in all stages. Y%.H. Native about the 
Caspian sea. This species is sufficiently distinct from any of the 
varieties of H. Spondijlium. 
Caspian Cow-parsnip. Fl. Ju, Jul. Clt.? Pi. 4 feet. 
11 H.ca’npicans (Wall. mss. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 192.) 
leaves ternate, clothed with hoary tomentum beneath, as well as 
on the stems and petioles, but smoothish above ; leaflets petiolu- 
late, cuneated at the base, trifid or pinnatifid : lobes irregularly 
toothed; leaves of involucels linear, acuminated, about equal in 
length to the rays; fruit obovate-oblong ; vitte linear. 2%}. H. 
Native of the north of India, at Deyradoon and Kamaon. 
Whitened Cow-parsnip. Pl. 4 to 5 feet. 
12 H. tana‘rum (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 166.) leaves 
ternate, petiolate, tomentose beneath: upper ones 3-lobed ; 
leaflets petiolate, broad-ovate, roundish-cerdate, lobed ; leaves 
of involucels small, subulate; fruit broadly obcordate, oval. 
%.H. Native of Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Canada, as far 
as the Mackenzie river ; moist banks of streams 1n north-west 
America, in humid pastures. Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 181. 
Begel. fi. bot. p. 67. Torr. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 18. H. Spon- 
dylium, Cham. et Schlecht. in Linnæa. 1. p. 39. Petals said to 
be oblong. The plantis said to be very nearly allied to H. Sp 
dylium, but very distinct. The roots and stems of this plan 
are eaten by the Chenook Indians; and bythe Cree Indians, 
under the name of Penpoon antic ; i.e. flute stem ; and the young 
stems are used by them as a pot-herb. 
Woolly Cow-parsnip. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1810. Pl. 4 feet. A 
13 H. corpa‘rum (Presl, del. prag. p. 135.) leaves ternate ; 
leaflets cordate-ovate, petiolulate, lobately pinnatifid, mucro- 
nately toothed, hispid beneath, as well as the petioles and stem, 
which is furrowed; leaves of involucels linear ; involucra want- 
ing; fruit glabrous, obovate, somewhat emarginate at the apex. 
Native of Sicily, in humid groves on the Nebrodes- 
Root black, sweet-scented, and is called Angélica by the ave 
lians, and is used for the same purposes by them. H. Sponey- 
lium and H. Panaces Ucria, ex Guss. prod. fl. sic. 1. p. 364. 
Cordate-leafletted Cow-parsnip. Pl. 4 to 6 feet? 
14 H. Pyrena‘icum (Lam. dict. 1. p. 403.) leaves very es 
palmatifid, hoary from tomentum beneath ; leaflets lanceo site 
toothed or ternate; involucra of few leaves: young fruit 
vered with long hairs: adult ones glabrous, nearly orbicular- 
