346 
be from ropvoc, tornos, a lathe, and Adz, illo, to turn; seeds). 
Tourn. inst. 320. t.170. Lin. gen. no. 330. Spreng. prod. umb. 
p. 11. D. C. prod. 4. p. 197. 
Lin. syst. Penténdria Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. 
Petals obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point; outer ones 
radiating and bifid. Fruit flatly compressed from the back, 
girded by a rugged tubercular thick accessory margin. Meri- 
carps with very slender ribs; the 3 dorsal ribs at equal dis- 
tances, and the 2 lateral ones contiguous to the thickened mar- 
gin, or covered by it. Vittæ filiform, one or more in the fur- 
rows, and 2 or more in the commissure. Carpophore bipartite. 
Seed complanate.—Herbs, with pinnate leaves; leaflets ovate, 
deeply toothed. Involucra of many leaves. Flowers white. 
The two sections differ from each other in the number of vittz. 
Sect. I. Evrorpy’tium (from eu, well, and tordyjlium; this 
section is supposed to contain the true species of the genus). 
D. C. prod. 4. p. 197.—Tordylium, Hoffm. umb. 1. p. 198. t. 
3. f. 3-4. A. Koch, umb. 87. f. 24, 25. Vittæ solitary in the 
furrows, and twin in the commissure. 
1 T. Syrr acum (Lin. spec. p. 345.) plant pubescent ; leaves 
pinnate; leaflets roundish, repandly toothed: terminal one 
ovate; involucra and involucels longer than the umbels. ©. H. 
Native of Syria, Caria, Asia Minor, and Greece. Jacq. hort. 
vind. 1. t. 54. Riv. pent. t. 3. Barrel. icon. t. 349.—Mor. ox. 
sect. 9. t. 16. f. 7. There is a variety of this with a simple 
erect stem; and another with diffuse procumbent stems. 
Syrian Hart-wort. Fl. July. Clt. 1597. Pl. 1 foot high or 
procumbent. 
2 T. ma’ximum (Lin. spec. 345.) stem scabrous or hispid from 
retrograde bristles; leaves pinnate; leaflets lanceolate, deeply 
serrated and notched : terminal one elongated ; leaves of involucra 
and involucels linear, shorter than the umbels. ©.H. Native 
of middle and south Europe, Caucasus, and the Levant, in corn- 
fields. In England on banks and waste ground, but rare ; about 
London; under a hedge on the north side of the parks, Oxford ; 
in a hedge about half a mile from Eton. Smith, engl. bot. 
1173. Jacq. austr. t. 142.—Mor. ox. 3. p. 316. sect. 9. t. 16. 
f. 1.—Rivin. pent. irr. t. 1—Lob. icon. 737. Heracléum Tor- 
dylium, Spreng. spec. umb. 49. T. magnum, Brot. and T. 
Lusitanicum, Willd. does not differ from this species ac- 
cording to Link. Stem erect, branched, hollow. Leaves densely 
clothed with fine close bristly hairs, all directed towards the 
point; leaflets oblong-lanceolate, the lower ones ovate. Umbels 
dense, bristly. Flowers reddish, the outermost petal with equal 
lobes, the two next with extremely unequal ones. 
Great Hart-wort. Fl. June, July. Britain. Pl. 3 to 4 feet. 
Sect. II. Conpyzoca’revs (from kovdudoc, kondylos, a finger 
joint, and capzoc, karpos, a fruit). Hoffm. umb. 1. p. 202. Koch, 
umb. p. 86. but not of Desf. D. C. prod; 4. p. 198. Vitte 
numerous both in the furrows and commissure. In the commis- 
sure there are 4 in T. Hasselquistie, and therefore it is an inter- 
mediate plant between the two sections, as there are 8-10 in the 
commissure of the other species. , 
3 T. Hassereursriæ (D. C. prod. 4. p. 198.) plant pubes- 
cent; leaves pinnate ; leaflets roundish, repandly toothed: the 
terminal one in the lower leaves is reniformly cordate ; leaves of 
involucra setaceous, shorter than the umbels : of the involucels 
similar, but longer than the umbellules. ©. H. Native of the 
Levant. Like Hasselquistia cordata, but the character of the 
fruit is the same as that of Tordylium. Habit of T. officinale. 
Vittæ in the commissure 4, 2 curved and 2 straight. 
Hasselquist’s Hart-wort. Pl. 1 foot. 
4 T. orricina‘LE (Lin. spec. p. 345.) stem generally branch- 
ed, furrowed, clothed with soft deflexed hairs; leaves pinnate, 
UMBELLIFERZE. CXIV. Torpytivum. 
CXV. Torpyrorsis. 
rough, hairy ; leaflets ovate, cut, crenate, the odd one the largest, 
leaves of involucra and involucels lanceolate, acute ; those of the 
latter about equal in length to the umbellules; radiant petals in 
pairs, with very unequal lobes. ©. H. Native of Portugal, 
south of France, Italy, Dalmatia, and Greece, in cultivated 
fields; possibly never seen at all in England, the T, máximum 
having been confounded with it; however, it is said to have 
been found by Mr. Doody about Isleworth, Ray, and about 
London. Petivier. Smith, engl. bot. 2440. fl. greec. 3. t: 267, 
—Colum. ecphr. t. 124. f. 1—Mor, ox. 3. p. 316. sect. 9. t. 16. $ 
6.—Dod. pempt. p. 313. f. 314. Lob. icon. 736.—Bauh. hist. 
3. p. 84. f. 2. Small Hart-wort, Petiv. herb. brit. t. 24. f. 6. 
T. microspérmum, Ten. add. 1827. Condylocárpus officinalis, 
Koch, l. c. Leaflets roundish or ovate, crenate, and variously 
cut. The radius of the umbellules formed of the very unequal 
outer petals of the flowers of the circumference, the large lobes 
of 2 flowers coming together, and resembling a single petal. 
These lobes are sometimes reddish. Fruit hairy on the disk, 
brown, with scarcely any ribs or veins; the border greatly ele- 
vated, tumid, neatly crenate transversely. T. A’pulum is readily 
distinguished from this species by having in each marginal 
flower only one radiant petal, with 2 equal lobes. 
Officinal Hart-wort. Fl. June, July. Britain. Pl. 1 to 13 ft. 
5 T. A’putum (Riv. pent. t. 2.) plant erect, villous below; 
leaves pinnate; leaflets of the lower leaves roundish, cu- 
neated at the base, lobately crenated: of the upper ones pinna- 
tifid, linear, acute ; leaves of involucra and involucels setaceous ; 
those of the latter shorter than the umbellules. ©. H. Native 
of Apulia and Greece, in cultivated fields. Lin. spec. 345. ex- 
clusive of the synonymes.—Jacq. hort. vind. t. 53. T. grandi- 
fldrum, Moench, meth. p. 78. Condylocarpus A’pulus, Hoffm. 
umb. p. 203. T. insulàre, Clark in Spreng. neue entd. 3. p. 
165. There is a variety of this which is almost glabrous 
below. Stem hairy at the joints. 
Var. B, hùmile (D. C. prod. 4. p. 198.) plant of many stems; 
leaves for the most part radical: lower ones nearly bipinnatifid ; 
involucels much shorter than the umbellules. ©. H. Native 
of Tunis, Sardinia, Istria, Malta, and Melos, in cultivated fields. 
T. humile, Desf. atl. 1. p. 235. t. 58. Condylocarpus himilis, 
Koch, umb. p. 87. T. A’pulum, Guss. prod. fl. sic. 1. p. 362. 
According to Smith in fl. græc. p. 61. there is no difference be- 
tween T. hiimile and T. A’pulum. 
Apulian Hart-wort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1739. Pl. 1 to 
14 foot. 
Cult. The seeds only require to be sown in the open border 
in spring. A light soil will suit the species best. 
CXV. TORDYLO’PSIS (from Tordy'lium and oc, ops 
appearance; plant resembling Tordy'lium). D. C. prod. 4 P- 
199.—Tordylioides, Wall. mss. a: 
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Diginia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed : 
teeth acute: outer teeth the largest, dilated at the base, and cus- 
pidate at the apex. Outer petals of umbels large and obcor- 
dately 2-lobed ; the rest smaller, ovate, and cuspidate, entire, 
rarely a little 2-lobed. Stylopodium conical; styles 2, erect, 
elongated. Fruit hairy when young. The rest unknown a 
Herb a foot high, more or less hairy. Stem terete, striated, 
erect, nearly simple. Petioles sheathing at the base. Leaves 
with 1-2 pairs of ovate cut .toothed leaflets, and an odd one. 
Umbels terminal, 6-8-rayed. Involucra of 5-6 lanceolate linear 
acuminated leaves, which are almost longer than the rays. Un- 
bellules crowded, 15-18-flowered. Leaves of involucels con- 
forming to the leaves of the involucra, exceeding the flowers-— 
Habit almost of Herdcleum, but the involucra are of many lar 
It agrees also with Tordýlium in the hairiness, and in the coro’ 
las. The genus is very doubtful, the perfect fruit being unknown. 
