348 UMBELLIFERZ. CXX. Sizer. CXXI, Ganpanum. CXXII. Cuminum. CXXIII. Trepocarpus. 
lenticularly compressed from the back; mericarps with elevated 
obtuse filiform ribs, having 5 primary ones: the lateral ones of 
these marginating ; and 4 less prominent secondary ones. Vitte 
one in each furrow, under the secondary ribs. Seed flattish in 
front.—Perennial glabrous herbs. Leaves triternate; petioles 
trifid, sheathing at the base; branches of petioles bearing 3 
roundish, coarsely and bluntly crenated, or bluntly 3-lobed leaf- 
lets, Umbels large, of many rays. Involucra wanting or of 
few leaves, caducous. Flowers white. 
1 S. rri‘Lopum (Scop. carn. 1. p. 217,) Y%.H. Native of 
Europe and Asia, from Spain to Kamtschatka; but the habitats 
given are doubtful, the plant being often confused with Laser- 
pitium aquilegifdlium. Laserpitium trilobum, Lin. spec. p. 357. 
exclusive of some of the synonymes. Angélica aquilegifdlia, 
Lam. dict. 1. p. 173. D. C. fl. fr. p. 806. ed. 5. p. 508. Siler 
aquilegifélium, Geertn. 1. c.—Mor. ox. sect. 9. t. 13. no. 3. 
Libanotis vi. C. Bauh. pin. 157. 
Three-lobed-leaved Siler. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1796. PI. 3 
to 4 feet. 
Cult. See Laserpitium, p. 351. for culture and propagation. 
CXXI. GA'LBANUM (galb or galban, in Celtic, means fat, 
oily ; in reference to the gum). D. Don, in Lin. trans. 16. p. 603. 
Lin. syst. Pentdéndria, Digynia. Fruit compressed from the 
back, elliptic, unguicular ; raphe narrow, open, not closed. 
Mericarps with 5 elevated compressed bluntly keeled ribs, not 
winged : lateral ones distinct, marginal ; furrows broadish, con- 
cave, without any vittæ. Commissure flat, dilated, furnished 
with 2 vittee; vitte broad, a little arched. The seeds from 
which the foregoing description has been drawn were picked 
from the cum. The rest of the plant remains unknown. 
1 G, orrictna‘te (D. Don, 1. c.) Y. H. The plant, ac- 
cording to Dioscorides, is a native of Syria; but it must be in 
some remote inaccessible part of it, as it has not been observed 
by any of the numerous travellers who have visited that country. 
As the gum-galbanum is partly imported from Smyrna and 
partly from India, it is very probable that the plant is also a 
native of Persia. The Bùbon Galbanum of Linnzus possesses 
neither the smell nor the taste of Galbanum, but in these parti- 
culars agrees best with Fennel, and the fruit has no resemblance 
whatever to that found in the gum. How a plant differing so 
essentially from Galbanum should yet have been retained so 
long in the Pharmacopeeia may well be subject of surprise, espe- 
cially as the Bubon Galbanum, being so frequent in gardens, 
afforded abundant opportunities of settling the question. 
Galbanum agrees in virtue with gum-ammoniac, but is gene- 
rally accounted less proper in asthmas, and more so in hysterical 
complaints, It is exhibited in the form of pills or emulsions, to 
the extent of about adrachm, Applied externally, it is supposed 
to resolve and discuss tumours, and to promote suppuration. The 
best sort of galbanum consists of pale coloured pieces, about the 
size of a hazel nut, which, on being broken, appear to be com- 
posed of clear white tears, of a bitterish acrid taste, and a strong 
peculiar smell. But it most commonly occurs in agglutinated 
masses, composed of yellowish or reddish, and clear white tears, 
which may be easily torn asunder, of the consistence of firm wax, 
softening by heat, and becoming brittle by cold, mixed with 
seeds and leaves. Galbanum is generally obtained by cutting 
the plant across some inches above the root. The juice which 
flows from the wound soon hardens, and is the galbanum brought 
to us from Syria and the Levant. 
Officinal Galbanum. PI. 4 to 5 feet. 
Cult. See Thépsia, p. 350. for culture and propagation. 
Tribe X. 
CUMI’NEÆ (this tribe contains plants agreeing with Cumi- 
num in important characters), or Orthospermee multijugate cón- 
tract, Koch, umb. 81. D.C. prod. 4. p. 200. Fruit con- 
tracted from the sides. Mericarps with 5 primary filiform ribs: 
the lateral ones of these marginating, and 4 secondary more 
prominent ones; all wingless. Seed straight, flattish in front, 
CXXII. CUMI'NUM (qamoun is the Arabic name of Cumin). 
C. Bauh. pin. p. 146. Lin. gen. no. 351. Gærtn. fr. 1. t, 24. 
Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 95. Spreng. umb. prod. p. 25. Hoffm. 
umb. ed. 2. p. 194. D.C. prod. 4. p. 201. Ee 
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Teeth of calyx 5, lanceo- 
late, setaceous, unequal, permanent. Petals oblong, emarginate, 
with an inflexed point, erectly spreading. Fruit contracted from 
the sides. Mericarps with 5 wingless ribs; the 5 primary ones 
filiform, and minutely muriculated, the lateral ones of these mar- 
ginating : the 4 secondary ones more prominent and prickly. Vit- 
tæ one in each furrow, under the secondary ribs. Carpophore bi- 
partite. Seed rather concave in front and convex on the back.— 
Herbs, with multifid leaves; linear setaceous leaflets. ; Invo- 
lucra of 2-4 simple or divided leaves ; involucels dimidiate, of 
2-4 leaves, which are at length reflexed. Flowers white or 
reddish. 
1 C. Hispa’nicum (Merat, herb. D. C. prod. 4. p. 201.) 
segments of leaves linear-setaceous, acute ; umbels bifid; umbel- 
lules bearing 3-4 fruit; involucels about equal in length to the 
fruit, which are bearded by bristles. @.H. Native of Spain, 
in corn-fields in Valle de la Manca. Habit of C. Cyminum, 
but differs in the frait not being glabrous or puberulous, but 
bearded by long stiff spreading pili. Flowers reddish. 
Spanish Cumin. Pl. 1 foot. 
2 C. minvu'rom (D’Urv. enum. 32. t. 272.) segments of leaves 
linear, obtuse ; involucels about equal in length to the fruit, 
which is glabrous. ©.H. Native of the island of Cos, in 
shady places frequent. Stem slender, branched, hardly 2-3 
inches high. Every part of the plant is smaller than in the 
other species. In the specimens received from D’Urville, the 
segments of the leaves are acute, and the involucels are rather 
shorter than the fruit. 
Minute Cumin. PI. 2 to 3 inches. : 
3 C. Cymr'num (Lin. spec. p. 365.) segments of leaves linear- 
setaceous, acute; umbels 3-5-cleft; involucels exceeding the 
fruit, which is pubescent. ©. H. Native of Upper Egypt. 
and Ethiopia. Cuminum, Riv. pent. t. 40. Cam. epit. 518. 
Schkuhr, handb. no. 714. t. 80. Woodv. med. bot. t. 190. Nees, 
off. pflanz. 18. t. 7. Hayn. arz. gew. 7. t. 11. Plench. icon. 192. 
. Cav. icon. 4. t. 3860.—Mor. hist. p. 271. sect. 9. t. 2. There 
are varieties of Cumin with white, red, or purple flowers. Coat 
of fruit aromatic ; albumen insipid. The plant is cultivated r 
the south of Europe and all Lesser Asia, In the islands 0 
Malta and Sicily, where it is much cultivated for sale, it is called 
Cumino aigro or hot cumin, to distinguish it from Cumino dolce, 
sweet cumin. Cumin seeds have a bitterish warm taste, accom- 
panied with an aromatic flavour, not of the most agreeable kind, 
residing in a volatile oil. £ 
Var. a, scdbridum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 201.) fruit clothed with 
short down; but roughish on the ribs. ©. H. C. Ægypta- 
cum, Merat, in herb. This is the wild plant. 
Var. B, glabràtum (D. C. 1. c.) fruit glabrous. ©. H. c. 
Cyminum, Merat, in herb. This is the cultivated plant. 
Cyminum or Officinal Cumin. FI. June, July. Cit. 1594. 
PI. 4 foot. 
Cult. The seed should be sown in spring in a warm shel- 
tered situation, where the plants will flower in summer, and pro- 
duce seed in autumn. 
CXXIII. TREPOCA’RPUS (from rpezw, trepo; to turn, and 
