UMBELLIFERE. CXXIII. Trerocarrvs. 
kaproc, karpos, a fruit; application not evident). Nutt. in litt. 
1825. D. C. coll. diss. v. p. 50. t. 14. prod. 4. p. 201. 
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Calyx 5-toothed; teeth 
subulate, falling off but slowly after flowering. Petals obcor- 
date, inflexedly emarginate. Fruit pyramidally angular or nearly 
terete, contracted from the sides. Mericarps convex on the 
back, with 5 primary, filiform, hardly prominent ribs, margined 
each by a brown vitteeform line on both sides; and 4 secon- 
dary elevated ribs, bearing one vittee at the lower part of each. 
Commissure thick, furrowed in the middle, and furnished with 
vitte inside. Seed somewhat compressed on the back, straight. 
—Glabrous branched herbs, with the habit of Zthisa. Leaves 
multifid, with linear segments. Umbels opposite the leaves, 
of 5 rays. Involucra linear, of 1-3 leaves. Umbellules 5-8- 
flowered; involucels linear, unequal, 4-5-leaved, dimidiate. 
Flowers white. This genus is more nearly allied to Cuminum 
than Æthùsa ; it differs from the first in the commissure being 
spongy, and in the mericarps having accessory margins. 
1 T. Ærav'sæ (Nutt. l. c. ex D. C. 1. c.) umbels of 5 rays; 
fruit 5 times longer than its breadth. ©. H. Native of North 
America, in the Arkansa territory, ex Nutt. The primordial 
leaves are nearly as in Cynàpium, with short acutish lobes; cau- 
line leaves with long linear acute lobes, Involucra of 2-3 leaves ; 
involucels of 4-5 leaves. 
Æthusa-like Trepocarpus. Pl. 1 foot. 
2 T. sracuyca'rpus (D. C. prod. 4. p. 202.) umbellules of 
2-3 rays; fruit 3 times longer than its breadth. ©. H. Native 
of Louisiana. Perhaps only a variety of the first. It differs 
from it in the involucra and involucels being of fewer leaves ; 
in the lower umbels being on shorter peduncles ; and in the fruit 
being thicker, and less angular. 
Short-fruited Trepocarpus. PI. 1 foot. 
Cult. See Cuminum above for culture and propagation. 
Tribe XI. 
THAPSIE'Æ (this section contains plants agreeing with 
hápsia in important characters), or Orthospermæ multijugatæ 
alatæ, Koch, umb. p. 73. D.C. prod. 4. p. 202. Fruit com- 
pressed from the back, or the transverse section is nearly terete. 
Mericarps with 5 filiform bristly primary ribs : the lateral ones 
of these placed in the commissure, which is flat; and 4 secon- 
dary ones: interior ones of these filiform, and the exterior ones 
or all are winged ; wings undivided; hence the fruit has 8 
Wings, or only 2 wings on each side. Seed somewhat compla- 
nate or teretely convex, but flat in front. 
_ CXXIV. THA’PSIA (the first species was discovered;in the 
en of Thapsus). Tourn. inst. 321. t. 171. Lin. gen. no. 361. 
preng. prod. 17. Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 90. Koch, umb. p. 74. f. 
8-5. D. C. prod. 4. p. 202. 
> Lin. syst. Penténdria, Digýnia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. 
etals elliptic, entire, with an inflexed or involute point. Fruit 
compressed from the back. Mericarps with 5 primary filiform 
ribs, 3 of which are dorsal, and the 2 lateral ones are placed in 
© commissure, which is flat; and 4 secondary ribs, the 2 dorsal 
ones are filiform, and the 2 lateral ones are membranous and 
heal wings entire. Vittæ one in each furrow, under the 
eaty ribs. Carpophore bipartite. Seed complanate.— 
frennial herbs. Leaves pinnate, bipinnate, and tripinnate, or 
dea mPound ; petioles sheathing; the upper leaves usually re- 
Uced to the petioles. Umbels large, compound, of many rays. 
ñvolucra and involucels wanting, or of a few deciduous leaves. 
rola yellow. This genus differs from Laserpitium, in the 
whe of the mericarps being only 2, not 4; and from Melano- 
Fe and Artédia, in the wings being entire ; and from Lepi- 
sciàdium, in the backs of the mericarps not being scaly. 
CXXIV. Tuaprsta. 349 
* Involucra wanting or of 1-2 leaves. 
1 T. Garea’nica (Lin. mant. 57.) stem terete, glabrous; 
leaves bi-tripinnate, shining; segments linear, acute, elongated, 
quite entire along the margins, decurrent or confluent ; involucra 
of few leaves; fruit cordate at the base, with a very open recess. 
Y. H. Native of Calabria, Mauritania, Greece, Sicily, Sardinia, 
Spain, &c. in open places and on hills. Magn. bot. monsp. p. 
286. with a bad figure.—Gouan. obs. p. 18. t. 10. Desf. alt. 1. p. 
262. Sibth, et Smith, fl. greec. t. 287. There are varieties of 
this with glabrous or hairy petioles. To this the Férula Neapo- 
litana, Ten. fl. med. p. 316. append. 4th. p. 12. is referred by 
Sprengel, which is said by the author to be nearly allied to F. 
glaúca. The bruised root is said to be good for resolving 
tumours. 
Var. B, decussàta (D. C. prod. 4. p. 202.) petioles and 
nerves of leaves hispid beneath; involucra wanting. Y. H, 
Native of Spain and of Mauritania. T. decussata, Lag. gen. et 
spec. p. 12. 
Garganian Deadly-carrot. 
2 to 4 feet. 
2 T. Srrrnium (Viv. fl. lyb. p. 17.) stem terete, furrowed, 
glabrous; leaves pinnate; leaflets many-parted ; segments sim- 
ple or trifid, all linear, elongated, hairy on both surfaces, with 
revolute margins; fruit cordate at the base, having the recess 
constricted. 4%. H. Native of the north of Africa, on the 
mountains of Cyrenaica. This is supposed to be the plant which 
yielded the juice called si/phiwm, a medicine held in such high 
estimation among the ancients, as to have imparted to the region 
where it grew (the vicinity of Cyrene, now included in the 
pashalic of Tripoli,) the appellation of “ Silphifera!” 
Silphium Deadly-carrot. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. Pl. 2 
to 4 feet. 
3 T. virròsa (Lin. spec. p. 375.) stem terete, glabrous ; leaves 
tripinnate, and are, as well as the petioles, villous: leaflets ob- 
long, sinuately pinnatifid: lower ones deflexed ; involucra and 
involucels almost wanting. 2/.H. Native of Portugal, Spain, 
south of France, and Mauritania, on hills and in bushy places. 
Lam. ill. t. 206. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 342.—Moris. ox. sect. 9. t. 
18. f. 3. Plench. icon. 219. Parkins. 878. 2. t. 877. f. 2. Ger. 
emac. 1030. Flowers yellow, as in the rest of the species. 
Aspect of plant hoary. Root carrot-shaped, black on the outside. 
Villous Deadly-carrot. Fi. June, July, Clt. 1710. Pl. 3 
to 4 feet. 
4 T. Ascre‘pium (Lin. spec. p. 375.) stem terete, glabrous ; 
leaves tripinnate; leaflets digitately multifid, capillary, short ; 
petioles glabrous ; involucra and involucels wanting. 2/. H. Na- 
tive of Apulia, Sicily, Rhodes, and about Constantinople. Sibth. 
fl. grec. t. 286. ex Smith, prod. 1. p. 201. Guss. prod. fl. sic. 
1. p. 370. T. Apdlia, Mill. dict. no. 4.—Col. ecphr. 1. t. 86. 
Mor. hist. 3. p. 319. sect. 9. t. 18. f. 9. Fruit one-half smaller 
than those of T. Gargdnicum, having the wings rather truncate 
at both ends. Habit of Ela@oselinum meoides. The root is 
about the thickness of a man’s thumb; the bark is yellow and 
wrinkled ; the inside white, abounding in a bitter milky juice. 
Snallow-wort Deadly-carrot. Fl. July, Aug. Pl. 2 to 3 feet. 
5 T. ræ'tIpa (Lin. spec. p. 375.) stem and petioles villous ; 
leaves tripinnate ; leaflets much spreading, pinnatifid, attenuated 
at the base: segments short, lanceolate, toothed; involucra 
wanting. %.H. Native of Spain, Zante, Cyprus, &c. Blackw. 
t. 459. Lob. icon. t. 780. ex Smith. Moris. hist. sect. 9. t. 18. 
f. 7. ex Lin. Lobel’s figure is more probably referrible to La- 
serpitium gummiferum. T. tenuifdlia, Lag. gen. et spec. 12. is 
referrible to the figure of Morison, but differs in the stem being 
glabrous. It is probably only a variety of this species. The 
leaves are rough and hairy. 
Fetid Deadly-carrot. Fl. July, Aug. Clt, 1596. Pl. 2 to 3 ft. 
FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1683. PI. 
