rr 
UMBELLIFERZ, 
much injury. Such as I want to keep for the use of my horses 
until the months of May and June, in drawing over the heaps 
(which is necessary to be done the latter end of April, when the 
carrots begin to sprout at the crown very fast,) I throw aside 
healthy and most perfect roots, and have their crown cut com- 
pletely off, and laid by themselves; by this means carrots may 
be kept the month of June out in a high state of perfection.”— 
ones Communications to the Board of Agriculture, vol. vii. 
p. 72. 
The storing of the whole crop of carrots, may be a desirable 
practice when winter wheat is to follow them, in which case the 
same mode may be adopted as for turnips or potatoes, but with 
fewer precautions against the frost, as the carrot if perfectly dry 
is very little injured by that description of weather. 
The produce of an acre of carrots in Suffolk, according to 
Arthur Young, is at an average 350 bushels; but Burrows’ crop 
averaged upwards of 800 bushels per acre, which considerably 
exceeds the largest crop of potatoes. 
The uses to which the carrot is applied in Suffolk are various. 
Large quantities are sent to the London markets, and also used 
as food to different kinds of live stock. Horses are remarkably 
fond of carrots, and it is even said when oats and carrots are 
given together, the horses leave the oats and eat the carrots. 
The ordinary allowance is about 40 or 50 pounds a day to each 
horse, Carrots, when mixed with chaff, that is, cut straw, and 
alittle hay, keep horses in excellent condition for performing all 
kinds of ordinary labour. The farmers begin to feed their 
horses with carrots in December, and continue to give them 
chiefly that kind of provender till the beginning or middle of 
May ; to which period, with proper care, carrots may be pre- 
served. As many of the farmers in that country are of opinion, 
that Carrots are not so good for horses in winter as in spring, 
they give only half the above allowance of carrots at first, and 
add a little corn for a few weeks after they begin to use carrots. 
The application of the carrot to the feeding of working cattle 
and hogs, is thus detailed by Burrows: “ I begin to take up the 
carrot crop in the last week of October, as at that time I gene- 
rally finish soiling my horses with lucern, and now solely depend 
upon my carrots, with a proper allowance of hay, as winter 
food for my horses, until about the first week of June following, 
when the lucern is again ready for soiling. By reducing this 
practice to a system, I have been enabled to feed 10 cart horses 
throughout the winter months for these last 6 years, without 
8lving them any corn whatever, and have at the same time 
etoj a considerable saving in hay. I give them to my cart- 
orses in the proportion of 70 pounds weight of carrots a horse 
06 day, upon an average, not allowing them quite so many in 
the iat short days, and sometimes more than that quantity in 
ter Tag months, or to the amount I withheld in the short win- 
re ays. The men who tend the horses slice some of the 
of “be in the cut chaff of hay, and barn door refuse ; the rest 
the carrots they give whole to the horses at night, with a small 
quantity of hay in their racks, and with this food my horses 
generally enjoy uninterrupted health. I mention this, as I be- 
leve that some persons think that carrots only, given as food to 
: ay are injurious to their constituticns ; but most of the pre- 
i “hind mankind have no better foundation, and are taken up 
hove rfia or an from their forefathers. So mene 
e Sey See hs 
enabled 12 n for soiling i , Z 
sonal i prove by experiments, conducted under my own per 
Peg inspection, that an able Norfolk team-horse, fully worked 
ea neye a day, winter and summer, may be kept the entire 
ww peng upon the produce of one statute acre of land. 
nkewise applied carrots with great profit to the feeding of 
ogs in winter, and by that means have made my straw mto a 
357 
most excellent manure, without the aid of neat cattle. The hogs 
so fed are sold on Norfolk-hill to the London dealers as 
porkers.” The profits of carrots so applied, he shows in a sub- 
sequent statement, together with an experiment of feeding four 
Galloway bullocks with carrots, against four others fed in the 
common way with turnips and hay.—Burrows’ Communica- 
tions, &c. 
In comparing the carrot with the potatoe, an additional circum- 
stance greatly in favour of the former is, that it does not require 
to be steamed or boiled, and it is not more difficult to wash than 
the potatoe. These, and other circumstances considered, it ap- 
pears to be the most valuable of all roots for working horses. 
The use of the carrot in domestic economy is well known. Their 
produce of nutritive matter, as ascertained by Sir H. Davy, is 
98 parts in 1000, of which 3 are starch, and 95 sugar. They are 
used in the dairy in winter and spring to give colour and flavour 
to butter. In the distiliery, owing to the great proportion of 
sugar in their composition, they yield more spirit than the 
potatoe; the usual quantity is 12 gallons per ton. They are 
excellent in soups, stews, and haricots, and boiled whole with 
salt beef. 
Medical qualities.—The seeds, especially of the wild variety, 
have a moderately warm pungent taste, and an agreeable smell. 
They are carminative, and are said to be diuretic. The roots, 
especially of the cultivated variety, contain much mucilaginous 
and saccharine matter, and are therefore highly nutritious and 
emollient. When beaten to a pulp, they form an excellent ap- 
plication to carcinomatous and ill-conditioned ulcers, allaying the 
pain, checking the suppuration and fetid smell, and softening the 
callous edges. 
Common Carrot. Fl. Ju. Jul. Britain. Pl. 2 to 3 feet. 
11 D. marrrmus (Lam. dict. 1. p. 634. but not of With.) 
stem elongated, smooth, and glabrous at the base, but scabrous 
from tubercles above; leaves glabrous: lower ones bipinnate ; 
leaflets jagged : segments linear, acuminated ; leaves of involucra 
pinnatifid, linear, acute; of the involucels undivided ; prickles 
about equal in length to the diameter of the fruit, which is 
ovate. ¢.H. Native of France, in sand, along the sea-shore ; 
as well as along the shores of the Mediterrangan Sea, where it 
is generally mixed with D. Cardta, but from which it is easily 
distinguished. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 329. bot. gall. 1. p. 215. 
Sea-side Carrot. Fl. June, Jul. Clt.? Pl. 1 to 2 feet. 
12 D. crase’rermus (Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 244. t. 64.) stem 
glabrous, or rather scabrous from small down; leaves pinnate ; 
leaflets cuneated, bluntly 3-5-lobed, glabrous; leaves of invo- 
lucra pinnatifid, acute, one half shorter than the umbels; invo- 
lucels trifid or simple; prickles about equal in length to the 
breadth of the fruit, which is ovate. ©. Native of the 
north of Africa, near Tozzer, in woods of palm trees. Flowers 
small, white. 
Quite-glabrous Carrot. Pl. 1 to 2 feet. 
13 D. Giverpium (Lin. spec. 348.) stem and petioles sca- 
brous from scattered bristles; leaves bipinnate ; leaflets deeply 
toothed, ovate: segments obtuse, mucronate ; leaves of invo- 
lucra striated, pinnatifid, about equal in length to the umbels ; 
prickles bristle-formed, equal in length to the breadth of the 
fruit, capitately glochidate at the apex. &. H. Native of Cor- 
sica, on rocks by the sea-side, and probably of Sicily. D. 
Mauritanicus, Salzm. exsic.—Gingidium, Math. ed. Valgr. 373. 
f.1. D. lacidus, Lin. fil. suppl. 179. ex Smith, in Lin. trans. 
9. p. 133.—Bocc. mus. t. 20. Habit of D. Hispdnicus, but 
differs inthe fruit. Ivyy:éuov, is a name employed by Diosco- 
rides for an umbelliferous plant, but what plant is now un- 
known, 
Chervil-like or Shining-leaved Carrot. Fl. June, July. Clt. 
1722. Pl. 2 to 3 feet. 
CXXXI. Daucus. 
