UMBELLIFER Æ. 
leaves multifid, narrow ; involucra and involucels hispid, as well 
as the fruit.—Native of Arabia, at Hadie. 
Narrow-leaved Bur-parsley. P). ? 
Cult. The seeds may be sown either in autumn or spring. 
CXXXIV. TURGE'NIA (from turgeo, to swell; fruit). 
Hoffm. umb. p. 59. Koch, umb. 80. t. 16. D.C. prod. 4. p. 
217.—Caúcalis species, Lam, Lag. Spreng.—Tordylium species, 
Lin.—Torilis species, Adans. 
Lin. syst. Pentándria, Digynia. Teeth of calyx 5, setaceous. 
Petals obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point: outer ones 
radiating, bifid. Fruit contracted from the sides, rather didy- 
mous. Mericarps with 5 primary ribs, and 4 secondary ones : 
the lateral primary ones placed in the commissure, which is flat, 
furnished with a simple series of murice or prickles; not as 
in the rest of the ribs, which are furnished with 2 or 3 rows of 
prickles each 3 prickles all equal. Furrows under the secondary 
ribs I-vittate from both sides of the raphe. Carpophore setace- 
ous, bifid. Seed involute.—Erect scabrous herbs. Leaves pin- 
nate; leaflets oblong, toothed. Umbels of few rays. Leaves 
of involucra and involucels 3-5, ovate, concave, equal, with mem- 
branous margins. Flowers white or rose coloured ; those in the 
disk of the umbellules male and sterile. 
el T. LATIFOLIA (Hoffm. |. c.) leaves pinnate ; leaflets deeply 
Pinnatifid or strongly serrated, the upper ones decurrent ; umbels 
of 2-4, but usually of 3 long firm rays ; umbellules having the 
flowers in the circumference alone fertile; ribs of fruit beset 
with double rows of straight purplish bristles ; the ribs in the 
commissure bear acute tubercles, not bristles. ©. H. Native of 
Middle and South Europe, Mauritania, Greece, Caucasus, and Per- 
sia, m corn fields. In England in fields on a chalky soil, but rare; 
m Cambridgeshire not uncommon. Caúcalis latifòlia, Lin. syst. 
nat. ed. 12. vol. 2, p. 276. Smith, engl. bot. t. 198. Jacq. hort. 
vind, t. 128.—Mill. fig. t. 85. Garid. prov. t. 22. Tordýlium 
latifòlium, Lin. spec. 345. Reich. spec. 1. p. 666.—Colum. 
ecphr. 98. t. 97. f. 1. Broad Bur-parsley, Petiv. herb. brit. t. 
27. f. 6, Broad-jagged Bur- parsley, Petiv. herb. brit. t. 27. f. 
T. Herbage rough, rather glaucous. Stem beset with minute 
ascending prickles. Teeth of calyx broad, short, spreading. 
etals bright pink ; those in the circumference of the umbellules 
twice as large as the rest. The plant varies much in stature, 
in the leaves, and in the colour of the flowers, which are some- 
times white. This is one of the most striking and handsome of 
our native umbelliferous plants. 
Broad-leaved Turgenia. Fl. July. Britain. Pl. 2 to 3 feet. 
th + MULTIFLORA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 218.) leaves ternate above 
5 e sheath ; leaflets pinnatifid ; umbels of 4 or 5 rays; ribs of 
rut in the commissure bearing true prickles. ©. H. Native 
of fields about Constantinople. Fruit more ovate than in the 
preceding species, 6-8, not 2-3 in each umbellule ; and all parts 
of the plant are much more robust. 
Many-flowered Turgenia. Fl. July. Pl. 3 feet. 
a HETEROCA’RPA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 218.) leaves pinnate ; 
ey te oblong, deeply toothed ; umbels of 6-10 rays; mericarps 
w ruit dissimilar, having the secondary ribs in both tooth- 
field ©.H. Native of Persia, in the district of Khoi, in corn 
fds ; and of the Levant, between Bagdad and Kermancha. 
cnt and flowers very similar to those of T. latifolia. Outer 
ri teen of fruit having the 3 dorsal primary ribs ornamented 
pen “la broad prickles each, and the lateral ribs filiform and 
: less : the secondary ones hardly distinct, or a little toothed ; 
je, aN mericarp has the primary ribs all toothless, but the 
png 3 are Jarger than the lateral ones: and the secondary ribs 
y. ardly distinct. Albumen involu te 
ariable-fruited Turgenia. Pl. 2 to 3 feet. 
— See Caúcalis above for culture and propagation. 
OL. inn, 
CXXXIV. 
CXXXV. Torus. 361 
CXXXV. TORTLIS (a name employed by Adanson, and 
maintained by Gertner. It probably, like many of Adanson’s 
words, has no meaning). Spreng. umb, prod. p. 24. Hoffm. umb. 
49. t. 1. f.18. Lag. am, nat. p. 95. Koch, umb. p. 80. t. 15. 
D.C, prod. 4. p. 218.—Torilis species, Adans, Geertn. Moench. 
—Tordylium, Caicalis, and Scándix species of authors. 
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Teeth of calyx 5, trian- 
gular-lanceolate, acute, permanent. Petals obovate, emarginate, 
with an inflexed point: outer ones of the umbellules larger than 
the central ones and bifid. Fruit contracted from the sides. 
Mericarps with 5 bristly primary ribs: the 3 intermediate ones 
on the back, and the 2 lateral ones placed in the commissure, 
which is flat; the secondary ribs beset with copious prickles, 
which occupy the whole furrows, having one vitta under each 
secondary rib below the prickles. Carpophore setaceous, bifid. 
Seed with an inflexed margin.—Herbs, with multifid leaves, be- 
set with short adpressed hairs, which are retrograde on the 
stems, and erect on the rays of the umbels. Umbels opposite 
the leaves. Involucra of 1-5 leaves; involucels of 5-8 lanceo- 
late ciliated leaves. Flowers white, those in the disk of the um- 
bellules male and sterile. Prickles of fruit hair-formed, usually 
hooked at the apex. 
TurGENIA, 
Secr. I. Evrorrcis(fromev, eu, well, and Torilis ; this section 
is considered to contain the true species of the genus), D.C. 
prod. 4. p. 218. Fruit covered with stiff prickles, which are 
usually hooked at the apex. 
1 T. microca’rpa (Bess. cont. enum. no. 1362.) stem branch- 
ed ; leaflets linear-cut, outer ones not elongated ; umbels on long 
peduncles, 7-10-rayed; leaves of involucra and involucels seta- 
ceous; fruit ovate; prickles much shorter than the fruit, in- 
curved. ©. H. Native of the Ukraine and the south of Podolia. 
Torilis Ukranica, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 485. Invo- 
lucels as in 7T. Anthriscus, equal in length to the umbellules. 
Small-fruited Hedge-parsley. Pl. 2 to 3 feet. 
2 T. Anrurr'scus (Gmel. fl. bad. 1. p. 613.) umbels on long 
peduncles of from 5 to 10 close rays; leaves of involucra and 
involucels several, awl-shaped; fruit covered with incurved 
bristles. ©. H. Native of Europe and Caucasus, in hedges 
and on the borders of fields, very common; plentiful in Britain 
in like situations, Caticalis Anthriscus, Scop. fl, carn. no. 311. 
Huds. angl. p. 114. Smith, engl. bot. t. 987. Fl. dan. t. 919. 
Curt. lond. fase. 6. t. 22. Tordylium Anthriscus, Lin. spec. 346. 
Jacq. fl. austr. t. 261. Torilis rubélla, Moench, meth. p. 103. 
Caiicalis aspera a, Lam. dict. 1. p. 656.—Riv. pent. irr. t. 32, 
—Bauh. pin. 153. prod. 80. with a figure. Stem rough from 
deflexed hairs. Leaves bipinnate, pinnatifid, and sharply cut, 
rather soft than harsh to the touch; the lowermost one much 
more compound than the others. Flowers small, either white 
or flesh-coloured; the exterior ones only a little irregular or 
radiant. 
Anthriscus or Upright Hedge-parsley. Fl. July, Aug. Bri- 
tain. Pl. 2 to 3 feet. 
3 T. necue'cra (Schultes, syst. 6. p. 484.) stem and branches 
erect ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, cut; the terminal one hardly 
longer than the rest; umbels on long peduncles of from 7 to 10 
rays; involucrum wanting. ©. H. Native of Sardinia, Ger- 
many, &c. in fields and on the margins of woods. Scandix in- 
fésta, Jacq. fl. austr. 1. 46. Caticalis infésta, Vest. ench. p. 495. 
ex Schultes. Peduncles longer and the fruit larger than in 7. 
infésta. Flowers white. 
Neglected Hedge-parsley. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1817. PI. 
14 foot. 
4 T. 1rx’sta (Hoffm. umb. p. 89. Spreng. prod. 24.) stem 
erect, much branched ; leaves pinnatifid, deeply cut, and some- 
times almost bipinnate: the terminal leaflets elongated; umbels 
3A 
