372 UMBELLIFERA. CL. Exoacantua. 
Lin. syst. Pentdéndria, Digynia. Flowers polygamous, cen- 
tral ones fertile, the rest sterile. Calyx in the sterile flowers, 
with obsolete margins. Petals obcordate, inflexed, equal. Young 
fruit of the sterile flowers obovate, and striated; those of the 
central flowers much larger, ovate, and somewhat papillose, 
crowned by 15 elongated stiff bristles. Seed unknown.—An 
herb, native of the Levant. Leaves pinnate: leaflets of the 
radical leaves ovate, toothed, rather cut; of the cauline leaves 
lanceolate-linear, acute. Umbels terminal, compound; umbel- 
lules on short peduncles. Leaves of involucra 10-12, large, 
channelled, spinose, longer than the rays, spreading ; leaves of in- 
volucels 7-11, spinose, situated on the outer side of the umbel- 
lules, and longer than them, very unequal, 1 of which is very 
long, 2-4 are middle-sized, and 2-4 are bristle-formed. Flowers 
white.—This very singular genus is allied to Echinéphora and 
Arctdpus from the inflorescence, but the fruit is scarcely known. 
Perhaps the fruit is said to be crowned by 15 bristles, because 
the calyx is 5-parted, and each of these parts again trifid. 
1 E. wereropuy’tta (Labill. 1. c.) &.F. Native of the 
Levant, at Nazareth. 
Variable-leaved Exoacantha. Pl. 2 feet. 
Cult. The seed of this plant ought to be sown in a pot, and 
the plants when of sufficient size to be potted separately ; and 
in the second year, about the month of May, they may be 
planted out into the open border, where they will flower and seed 
freely. 
CLI. ARCTO'PUS (from apxroc, arktos, a bear, and rove, 
pous, afoot; this singular plant is beset with spines, which have 
been compared to the claws of a bear). Lin. hort. cliff. 495. gen. 
no. 1165. Lam, ill. t. 865. Geertn. fil. carp. 3. p. 14. t. 182. 
f. 4. D.C. prod. 4. p. 236.—Apradus, Adans, fam. 2. p. 182. 
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Flowers polygamo-dioecious. 
Margin of calyx 5-toothed. Petals lanceolate, with an incurved 
acute entire acumen. Stamens in the male flowers twice the 
length of the corolla, antheriferous. Stylopodium flat. Styles 2, 
very short, deciduous. Ovarium abortive. Stamens in the female 
flowers none. Styles 2, thickened at the base, and divaricate at 
the apex. Fruit ovate, beaked, crowned by the calyx, and confer- 
ruminated with it from the base to the middle, having one side 
depressed and naked, with a furrow, not separable into two parts, 
but bilocular, with one of the cells abortive; the fruit is therefore 
1-seeded from abortion, roundish, convex on one side, and concave 
with a furrow on the other.—A perennial herb, native of the Cape 
of Good Hope. Radical leaves pressed close to the ground in a 
stellate manner, with flat petioles, and roundish trifid limbs : the 
lobes toothed and spiny-ciliated. Male umbels compound, pe- 
dunculate, sterile, but mixed with a few female flowers ; umbel- 
lules nearly globose; involucrum usually of 5 leaves, which 
are joined together after flowering. Female umbels sessile, fer- 
tile, surrounded by the 4 concrete leaves of the involucrum, 
which are coriaceous, reticulated, and spiny toothed, girding the 
fruit. Petals white. 
1 A. ecnina‘rus (Lin. spec. ed. 2. vol. 2. p: 1512.) Y.G. 
Native of the Cape of Good Hope, on hills about Cape Town, 
&c. Thunb. fl. cap. 255. Ker, bot. reg. t. 705.—Burm, afr. 
J. t. 1.—Pluk. mant. t. 271. f. 5. The roots are used with suc- 
cess at the Cape in cases of siphilis ; but upon trial here some 
years since they were found to be less efficient than sarsa- 
parilla. 
Rough Arctopus. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1774. Pl. 1 foot. 
Cult. This plant should be grown in a mixture of peat, sand, 
and loam ; and it may either be increased by dividing the plant 
or by seed. 
CLII. CA‘CHRYS (one of the names given by the Romans 
CLI. Arcrorus. CLII. Cacurys. 
to the Rosemary. According to Morison, the name was de- 
rived from kaw, kaio, to burn, on account of the carminative 
qualities of the plants). Tourn. inst. t. 172. Lin. gen. no, 342, 
D.C. coll. mem. v. p. 65. prod. 4. p. 236.—Cachrys and Hip- 
pomarathrum, Link. hort. berol. 1. p. 271. Koch, umb. 156. f, 
36, 37.—Cachrys species, Spreng. 
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. 
or rarely obsolete. Petals ovate, entire, involute or inflexed at 
the apex. Stylopodium depressed, short, hardly distinct in the 
mature fruit. Fruit turgid, the transverse section nearly terete, 
or somewhat didymous; mericarps with 5 thick ribs, variable in 
the different sections. Commissure nearly equal to the breadth 
of the mericarps. Seed constituting a free nucleus, covered 
with copious vitte, deeply involute. Cotyledons of embryo 
diverging.—Perennial herbs. Leaves decompound. Umbels 
numerous. Involucra and involucels of many leaves. Flowers 
yellow. 
Margin of calyx 5-toothed, 
Secr. I. Evca'curys (from ew, well, and cachrys ; this section 
contains what are supposed to be the true species of the genus). 
D. C. prod. 4. p. 236. Cachrys, Koch, umb. l. c. Margin of 
calyx obsolete. Ribs of fruit broad, thick, obtuse, sometimes 
so very broad at the base as hardly to be distinct. Prickles, 
bristles, or tubercles none. 
1 C. Lævica`ra (Lam. dict. 1. (1783) 256.) plant glabrous; 
leaves decompound; leaflets multifid, linear-setaceous, divari- 
cate; leaves of involucra and involucels few, entire ; fruit glo- 
bose, with very blunt, hardly distinct, smooth ribs. 2. H. Na- 
tive of the south of France, in dry open places.—Moris. umb. t. 
3. superior figure.—C. Libanòtis, Gouan. ill. p. 12. but not of 
Lin. C. Morisònii, All. pedem. auct. (1789) p. 28. Schultes, 
syst. 6. p. 441. exclusive of the synonyme of Desf. The oldest 
name is here admitted. Flowers yellow. ; 
Smooth-fruited Cachrys. Fl. July, Aug. Pl. 3 
to 1 foot. 
2 C. macroca’rra (Ledeb. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 313. fl. alt. 1. 
365.) radical leaves ternate : leaflets bipinnate or tripinnate : 
pinnula ternate or palmate : segments entire or 3-parted : lobes 
linear or oblong ; involucra and involucels of many leaves ; fruit 
oval; mericarps glabrous, 1l-angled. 2.H. Native of Sibe- 
ria, on hills in the Kirghisean steppe, at Ustkamenogorsk, an 
between Bucktorminsk and Lake Noor-Saisan. Root rather 
woody, stupose. Stems many from the same root, striately fur- 
rowed, pubescent, branched at top. Leaves a foot Jong an 
more than a foot broad. Umbels of 5-10-rays, but usually of 8. 
Leaves of involucra ovate or lanceolate, short, membranous; ° 
the involucels of unequal size. Flowers yellow, all hermaphro- 
dite in the primordial umbels ; but in the lateral ones they te 
polygamous, the outer ones fertile, and the inner ones for the 
most part sterile. Calyx very minute. Petals yellow, oblong; 
concave, reflexed, hardly keeled on the inside. Stylopodium 
pulvinate. Fruit large, compressed from the sides; mericarps 
with 5 thick keeled ribs. Carpophore bipartite, free. 
Large-fruited Cachrys. Pl. 1 to 2 feet. a 
3 C. oponta’tarca (Pall. itin. 3. p. 720. t. g. f. 1, 2, 3 a 
germ. 3. append. no. 75. t. 9. ed. gall. in 8vo. append. no. 30 ; 
t. 78. f. 1.) leaves decompound, clothed with hoary pubescence; 
leaflets linear, short, rather trifid; stem naked; leaves of invo- 
lucra and involucels few, undivided; fruit oblong, having the 
mericarps somewhat compressed from the back, and hardly fur- 
rowed. 2%. H. Native of Siberia, Tauria, and Caucasus, Pi 
very arid muddy places. Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 217. suppl. 21 ; 
Hoffm. umb. 1. p. 176. t. 3. f. 2. and f. 4. d. e. f. ye 
callospérma, Pall. itin. 3. p. 663. Involucrum none, ex Ho p 
l-Jeaved, ex Vest. ; few-leaved, ex Pall. Fruit oblong, smoot ny 
and ribless on the outside, as in C. levigata, but cylindrical, not 
Clt. 1710. 
p- 
