374 
15 C. nvu'mitis (Schousb. maroc. p. 118.) plant glabrous ; 
leaves supra-decompound, fleshy ; leaflets linear, trifid, mucro- 
nate ; leaves of involucra and involucels numerous, lanceolate, 
undivided ; fruit furrowed, smoothish. 2/.H. Native of Bar- 
bary, near Cape Spartel, mixed with Crithum maritimum. Per- 
haps belonging to a different section. 
Humble Goat’s-fennel. PI. 4 foot. 
Secr. III. Loruoca'curys (from dodoc, lophos, a crest, and 
cachrys ; in reference to the species contained in this section 
having crested or winged fruit). Gen. propr. Koch, umb. in 
litt. D. C. prod. 4. p. 238. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. Ribs 
of fruit sharply winged: wings cleft into mucrone-formed teeth : 
the furrows broad and open. 
16 C. crisra'ta (D. C. prod. 4. p. 238.) plant glabrous ; 
leaves decompound ; leaflets trifid: lobes linear, blunt, short, 
divaricate ; leaves of involucra and inyolucels linear ; fruit ovate ; 
mericarps with 5, rather winged crested ribs, and broad concave 
furrows. %. H. Native of the Grecian Archipelago, as in the 
islands of Melos, Samos, and Astypalea. C. Sicula, D’Urvil. 
enum. pl. 31. but not of Lin. C. semine fungosa sulcato aspero 
minore foliis peucedani, Mor. ox. 3. p. 267. sect. 9. t. 1. f. 3. 
Stem much branched. Teeth of calyx 5, elongated, permanent. 
Crested-fruited Goat’s-fennel. Pl. 2 feet. 
17 C. pu’nerns (Jan. pl. exsic. Guss. prod. 1. append. p. 7.) 
plant glabrous; leaves decompound; segments or leaflets fili- 
form, linear, acute, somewhat pungent, elongated ; leaves of in- 
volucra and involucels linear; fruit ovate, with distant some- 
what winged crested ribs, and broad concave furrows. %. H. 
Native of Calabria and Sicily, in the sand on the sea shore. C. 
Sicula f longifolia, Guss. prod. fl. sic. 1. p. 360. Segments of 
the leaves elongated, 1-3 inches long. 
Var. B, echinéphora (D.C. prod. 4. p. 238.) leaves decom- 
pound ; leaflets trifid, lanceolate-linear, acute, rather scabrous 
from short scattered down, especially on the margins; leaves of 
involucra and involucels Janceolate-linear, acuminated, entire, of 
the involucra deflexed, of the involucels equal in length to the 
umbellules ; fruit obscurely ribbed; ribs tubercular, somewhat 
echinately crested. %.H. Native of Sicily, and in fields about 
Naples, and probably of Greece and Spain. C. Sicula, Ten. fl. 
neap. prod. 19. C. Sicula var. a, Guss. prod. fl. sic. 1. p. 359. 
There is sometimes a one branched leaf at the base of the rays 
of the umbel, which may be taken for an involucrum. It is per- 
fectly distinct from C. peterochle‘na ; the upper leaves are oppo- 
site as init, but the segments are broader, and striated beneath 
by elevated nerves. Leaves of involucra broadest at the base. 
Pungent Goat’s-fennel. Pl. 1 to 3 feet. 
Cult. The species of Cachrys are only to be increased by 
seeds, which should be sown in autumn. A deep light soil suits 
them best. 
CLIII. PRA’NGOS (the native name of P. pabuldria). 
Lindl, in journ. sc. lond. 1825. no. 37. p. 7. Lag. obs. apar. 
1826. p.15. D.C. coll, mem. 5. p. 67.—Pteromarathrum, Koch. 
in litt.—Càchrys spec. of authors. 
Liy. syst. Pentándria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. 
Petals ovate, entire, involute at the apex. Stylopodium de- 
pressed, hardly prominent in the fruit. Transverse section of 
fruit nearly terete ; commissure broad. Mericarps compressed 
from the back, with 5 smooth ribs, which are thick at the base, 
and ending each in a vertical membranous wing on the back. 
Seed girded by copious vittæ. Albumen involute.—Perennial 
herbs, with terete stems. Leaves decompound ; leaflets or 
segments linear. Umbels numerous. Flowers yellow. 
1 P. rasura'nia (Lindl. 1, c. Wall, pl. rar. asiat. 3, t. 212.) 
UMBELLIFER. CLII. Cacnrys, 
CLIII. Prancos. 
plant glabrous; leaves supra-decompound; segments linear; 
leaves of involucra and involucels simple; fruit corky; meri- 
carps with 5 ribs, which are expanded into crenated wings. 
u.H. Native ofthe temperate parts of the East Indies, about 
Imfal and Droz. This plant is called prangos at Imfal and 
Droz. It is employed in the form of hay as winter fodder for 
sheep and goats, and frequently for neat cattle, but its seed, 
when eaten by horses, is said to produce inflammation in the 
eyes, and temporary blindness. The properties of prangos, as 
a food, appear to be heating, producing fatness in a space of 
time singularly short, and also destructive to the Fésciola hepa- 
tica, or liver flake, which in Britain, after a wet autumn, de- 
stroys some thousands of sheep by the rot, a disease which has 
hitherto proved incurable. The last-mentioned properties of 
the plant, if they be retained in Britain, would render it espe- 
cially valuable to our country. But this, taken along with 
its highly nutritious qualities, its vast yield, its easy cul- 
ture, its great duration, its capability of flourishing on lands of 
the most inferior quality and wholly unadapted to tillage, im- 
part to it a general character of probable utility unrivalled in 
the history of agricultural productions. When once in pos- 
session of the ground, for which the preparation is easy, It 
requires no subsequent culture, save that of cutting and con- 
verting the foliage into hay. Of the duration of the plant there 
are several facts. Seeds having been transported westward along 
with those of yellow lucern above 40 years ago, and sown on the 
eastern frontier of Kashmeer, where they vegetated, and of 
which the plants of the first growth still remain in a flourishing 
condition. In another instance, the seeds were transported 
eastward, and sown upon rocks near Molbee, where the plants 
flourished for about 40 years, but in consequence of a long peric 
of drought the prangos perished along with the crops of that dis- 
strict in general. From various facts it is conceived not unrea- 
sonable to presume, that by the cultivation of this plant moors 
and wastes, hitherto uncultivated, and a source of disgrace to 
British agriculture, may be made to produce large qama 
of winter fodder, and that the yield of the highlands, a 
downs enjoying a considerable depth of soil, may be trebled. 
As the prangos has hitherto been of spontaneous growth a“ 
practices better adapted to the nature of the plant or of t ‘ 
country may be adopted at a future time; but froma je 
its habitudes, Mr. Moorcroft ventures to suggest that the seeds 
should be dibbled into holes singly, at an inch deep and a foot 
apart, Yellow lucern, which is also a spontaneous podma, 
of the country of the prangos, is of a constitution more har a 
than that of the lucern of Europe, and requires no other pe 
ture than that necessary for sowing it, and lasts in vigour a 
a long series of years. It is submitted that, as it os 
grows along with the prangos, it would be well to i 
habitude. The joint yield is vastly greater than that of t : 
richest meadow land, and is produced on a surface of the mos 
sterile nature, in regard to other herbage. 
Fodder Prangos. Pl. 2 to 3 feet. 7) 
2 P. rervza‘cea (Lindl. journ. sc. lond. 1825. no. 37. p- } 
leaves supra-decompound, hairy ; leaflets or segments oe 
subulate, divaricate; leaves of involucra and involucels s re 
undivided ; fruit ovate: ribs expanded into subundulate, 2 
membranous wings ; mericarps 3 times longer than their diame 5 
%. H. Native of Persia, on hills, Asia Minor, Iberia, er 
Caucasus, Italy, and Sicily. Cachrys orientalis ferule i 
Tourn. voy. 2. p. 186. with a figure. Laserpitium fan 
Lin. spec. 358. Cachrys alata, Hoffm. 1. p. 186. ear = 
taur. 1. p. 217. suppl. 215. Cachrys Libanotis, Guss. prot. 3 
p- 358. but not of Lin. Thápsia laserpitii, Spreng. umb. T 
32. exclusive of the synonymes? Calyx obsolete. cae x 
a variety with glabrous leaves. The Italian specimen has large 
