380 
sheaths. Leaves of involucra and involucels many. Flowers 
white. The tegument does not adhere to the fruit in the young 
state, but when ripe it does, whence the name is incongruous 
when the fruit is mature. 
1 P. aquitecirétium (Koch, |. c.) lower leaves triternate, ` 
glabrous ; leaflets cuneated, deeply toothed; upper leaves many, 
reduced to the quite entire stipula-formed sheaths. 2. H. 
Native of Tauria, Italy, Spain, and Portugal, in woods and shady 
places. Danàa aquilegifolia, All. pedem. no. 1392. t.63. Hæn- 
seléra damecérnis, Lag. 1. c. Ligtsticum aquilegifolium, Willd. 
spec. 1. p. 1425. Balb. mem. acad. taur. 1804. p. 333. Sison 
sylvaticum, Brot. fl. lus. 37. Danaa sylvatica, Lag. am. nat. 2. 
p. 97. Oreoselinum Lusitanicum, Tourn. herb. Smyrnium 
medicatile, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 238. Spreng. umb, spec. t. 4. f. 
7. Pimpinélla Danaa, Bieb. casp. p. 163. 
Columbine-leaved Physospermum. FI. May, June. Clt. 1817. 
Pl. 3 feet. 
2 P. Cornusie’nse (D. C. prod. 4. p. 246,) lower leaves tri- 
ternate, glabrous; leaflets cuneate-lanceolate, deeply toothed : 
uppermost ones reduced to the sheaths, each sheath bearing 3 
linear, nearly entire leaflets. %. H. Native only of Cornwall, 
in thickets, among bushes, and in hedges; in great plenty in the 
neighbourhood of Bodmin. Ligiisticum Cornubiénse, Lin. spec. 
p. 359. Smith, engl. bot. t. 683. Smith, icon. pict. t. 11. 
Physospérmum commutatum, Spreng. umb. spec. t. 4. f. 8. ex- 
clusive of many synonymes. Danaa aquilegifolia, Lag. am. nat. 
2. p. 97.? ex synonyme of Spreng. Cornwall Saxifrage, Petiv. 
herb. brit. t. 26. f.9. Cattle are so fond of the plant that they 
eat it down to the ground. The root contains a yellow resinous 
Juice. 
Cornish Physospermum. Fl. Jul. Aug. Engl. PL 2to 8 ft. 
3 P. cicura‘rium (Spreng. umb. spec. 23.) lower leaves supra- 
decompound : cauline ones decompound: upper ones ternate ; 
leaflets 3-lobed, toothed, acute; stem leafy, furrowed. Y%. H 
Native of Eastern Caucasus. Smyrnium cicutarium, Bieb. fl. 
taur. 1. p. 239. suppl. 249. Ligústicum Caucasicum, Willd. 
herb. ex Schultes, syst. 6. p. 457. U:nbels lateral and ter- 
minal. 
Cicula-like Physospermum. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1827, Pl. 
2 to 3 feet. 
4 P. ANGELICÆFÒLIUM (Guss. ind. sem. 1825. prod. fl. sic. 1. 
p- 356.) stem furrowed, nearly naked; radical leaves biternate, 
with the ramifications not divaricate : leaflets of the lower leaves 
ovate, of the superior ones oval-oblong, 2-3-parted, dentately 
serrated, glabrous above, and pubescent beneath. 2%.H. Na- 
tive of Sicily, on shady gravelly parts of mountains. Leaves 
like those of Angélica sylvéstris. 
Angelica-leaved Physospermum. 
Cult. 
tion. 
Pl. 2 to 8 feet. 
See Pleurospérmum, p. 378. for culture and propaga- 
CLXIV. SMY’RNIUM (from ouvpva, smyrna, a synonyme 
of pvppa; the odour of myrrh is common to many umbellifer- 
ous plants, among others the My'rrhis odorata, for which reason 
it is so named). Lag. am, nat. 2. p. 101. Koch, umb. p. 133. f. 
88, 39. D.C. prod. 4. p. 247.—Smyrnium species, Lin. and 
Spreng. 
Lin. syst. Penténdria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete. 
Petals lanceolate or elliptic, entire, acuminated, with an inflexed 
point. Fruit contracted from the sides, didymous from the 
mericarps being reniformly globose ; mericarps with 3 dorsal, 
rather prominent sharp ribs, and 2 lateral, nearly obliterated 
marginal ones ; vittee many in the furrows. Carpophore bipar- 
tite. Seed involute.—Erect, biennial, glabrous herbs. Roots 
fleshy. Leaves variable. Umbels terminal. Involucra variable, 
Flowers yellow or greenish-yellow, usually polygamous, 
UMBELLIFERZA, CLXIII. Puysospermum. 
CLXIV. Smyrnivum. 
1 S. orusa’rrum (Lin. spec. 376.) stem terete; cauline leaves 
ternate; leaflets ovate, serrated; involucels very short. &.H. 
Native of Middle and South Europe, in humid places; as in 
France, Spain, Italy, Belgium, and Britain. It is rather a mari- 
time plant, and is found near our coast in various places, as 
about Scarborough Castle, and about Dover; it is common 
in Anglesea and in all the western counties, and in the flat 
parts of Gloucestershire, as also in many places of Dorset- 
shire. It occurs also about many inland towns, as Notting- 
ham, York, Bury, Newmarket, and about Mackerell’s Tower, 
Norwich. In several places of Cambridgeshire, Worcester- 
shire, Kent, and Middlesex. In Scotland upon the coast of 
Dunglass, on the edge of Berwickshire. Lam. ill. 204. Smith, 
engl. bot. t. 230. S. Mathioli, Tourn. inst. 316.—Lob. 
icon. 708. f. 2. Moris. sect. 9. t. 4. The whole herb is of 
a pale bright green, in flavour something like celery. Lower 
leaves biternate: upper ones ternate. Petioles inflated. Um- 
bels globular. Flowers greenish white. The plant was for- 
merly eaten in various parts of Europe, either as a salad or pot- 
herb, whence, and from its blackness, the name olusatrum, from 
olus and ater. Ray says it was called Alexanders, because in 
Italy and Germany it had long been denominated herba alexan- 
drina; having been supposed to have been brought from Alex- 
andria. It flowers in May, and by the middle of July the 
stalks are dried up, but remain laden with large black seeds. 
Olusatrum or Common Alexanders. Fl. May. Britain. Pl. 
2 to 4 feet. 
2 S. spurdtium (Willd. spec. 1. p. 1468.) stem terete; cau- 
line leaves cuneiform, obtuse, trifid, toothed: involucra and in- 
volucels wanting. &. H. Native of Candia. Schultes, syst. 
6. p. 440. S. Créticum paludapifdlio, Tourn. cor. 23. S. Cré- 
ticum, Mill. dict. no. 4. Perhaps only a variety of the preced- 
ing. Stem angular, glabrous. The lower leaves of this plant 
are much smaller than those of the preceding, and more like 
those of smallage ; the umbels are also smaller, and the seeds are 
less. 
Smallage-leaved Alexanders. Pl. 2 
to 3 feet. : 
3 S. rorunprivotiuM (Mill. dict. no. 2.) stem terete; cauline 
leaves stem-clasping, orbicular, quite entire, or hardly toothed. 
é.H. Native of the islands in the Mediterranean, as m Cor- 
sica, Sicily, Cos, &c. on the mountains. Moretti, pl. ital. dec. 
2. p. 9. S. Dodone'i, Spreng. umb. spec. 24. exclusive of many 
of the synonymes. S. Créticum, Math. ed. Valgr. 1570. p» 515. 
f. 2. S. Mathioli, Presl. del. prag. p. 127. but not of Tourn. 
S. ramésum, D’Urv. enum. no. 278. S. perfoliatum a, Lam. 
dict. 3. p. 266. S. Agyptiacum, Lin. amæn. 4. p. 270. pro- 
bably belongs to this species, which has often 2 single cordate; 
quite entire leaves on the floral branches, as in it. Root tu- 
berously fusiform, black on the outside, with a sweet taste. 
Leaves pale green: lower ones ternately decompound ; leaflets 
ovate, deeply serrated, for the most part attenuated at the base. 
Lower cauline leaf 3-lobed. 
Round-leaved Alexanders. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1700. Pl. 3 2 
4 S. perFoLIA TUM (Mill. dict. no. 3.) stem angularly wingé 
above; cauline Jeaves stem-clasping, ovate-cordate, denticu- 
lated. &. H. Native of Spain, Provence, Italy, Daimi 
Balearic Islands, Greece, &c. Lin. spec. 376. Moretti, pl. ital. 
dec. 2. p. 10. S. Dioscdridis, Spreng. umb. spec. P- a 
Smith, fl. græc. 289. exclusive of the synonymes of Math. m 
Dalech,—Dodon. pempt. p. 698. f. 2. Lob. icon. 709- Lowe 
leaves ternately decompound, and the leaflets 3-lobed, ovate, 
and toothed. Flowers yellow. a 
Var. 8, Kittabelii (D. C. prod. 4. p. 247.) superior eave 
coarsely toothed. &.H. Native of Hungary. S. perfoliàtum, 
Waldst. et Kit. hung. 1. p. 22. t. 23. 
Fl. May. Clit. 1731. 
