382. UMBELLIFERZ. CLXVIII. Asroma. 
fruit is more evidently didymous ; the commissure narrow, neither 
perforated nor dilated at the apex ; and the styles rather diver- 
gent.—A glabrous herb, at first sight appearing like a species 
of Séseli. Stem terete, striated, erect, branched. Superior 
leaves bipinnatifid: with a few linear, nearly subulate, elongated, 
quite entire segments. Umbels by threes, pedunculate at the 
tops of the branches: the 2 lateral ones axillary and opposite, 
6-8-rayed: but the central umbel is 10-12-rayed. Leaves of 
involucrum 5-6, lanceolate, entire, acuminated. Umbellules of 
10-12 flowers; involucels of 4-5 leaves. Flowers white, all 
hermaphrodite. This is an intermediate genus between Difora 
and Airéma; from the first it differs in the commissure being 
imperforated, in the fruit being smaller, and in the involucra and 
involucels being of many leaves; and from the last in the 
margin of the calyx being obsolete, in the fruit being without 
ribs, and exactly didymous. 
1 A. seseLIròLIUM (D. C.1.¢.). ©. H. Native of Egypt, 
or rather of Syria, where it was gathered by Donati. Corian- 
drum seselifdlium, D. C. The fruit of this plant is 5 times 
smaller than in all the other genera of Coridndree, and exactly 
didymous. Mericarps nearly globose. 
Seseli-leaved Astoma. Fl. June, Jul. Pl. 1 foot. 
Cult. See Bifora, p. 381. for culture and propagation. 
CLXIX. ATRE'MA (from a priv. and rpnpa, trema, a hole ; 
there are no holes in the commissure, as in the genus Bifora). 
D: C: coll. mem. v. p. 71. t. 18. prod. 4. p. 250. 
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Diginia. Teeth of calyx 5, acute, 
small, permanent. Petals obovate, emarginate, nearly equal, 
with an inflexed segment. Fruit nearly didymous ; mericarps 
nearly globose, ventricose: marked with 5 rather prominent 
small ribs. Vittee none. Commissure narrow, closed. Seed 
involute from the base to the apex.—An herb with a furrowed 
stem, having the angles acute and dentately muricated under the 
umbels. Leaves multifid, with linear segments. Umbels and 
umbellules of 5-8 rays. Involucra and involucels of many 
linear-setaceous, undivided leaves. This genus is intermediate 
between Coridndrum and Bifora. The flowers are equal and 
the fruit is didymous as in Bifora, and the fruit is sapid, 5- 
ribbed, and the calyx 5-toothed, as in Coriéndrum sativum. 
1 A. America‘num (D.C. 1. c.) @©.H. Native of North 
America, in the southern provinces at the Red River. Corian- 
drum Americanum, Nutt. in litt. 
American Atrema. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 
Cult. See Bifora, p. 381. for culture and propagation. 
CLXX. CORIA’NDRUM (a name used by Pliny, derived 
from xoptc, coris, a bug; in reference to the fetid smell of the 
leaves). Hoffm. umb. p. 186. f. 14-15. in tit. D.C. prod. 4. 
p- 250. Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 448. Koch, umb. p. 
82. f. 72-73.—Coridndrum species, C. Bauh. Tourn. and Lin. 
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digijnia. Teeth of calyx 5, acute, 
unequal, permanent. Petals obovate, emarginate, with an in- 
flexed point; outer petals radiant and bifid. Fruit globose, 
10-ribbed, hardly separable ; mericarps with 5 primary depressed 
flexuous ribs: and 4 secondary more prominent keeled ones. 
Vittze none in the furrows, but 2 in the commissure. Carpo- 
phore free in the middle, semi-bifid, adnate at the base and apex. 
Seed excavated in front, covered by a loose membrane.—Herb 
glabrous. Stems terete. Leaves decompound: the superior 
ones most so. Umbels of 3-4 rays, without any involucra; in- 
volucels of 3 dimidiate leaves. Flower-buds sometimes rose- 
coloured. Flowers white. Stylopodium conical. 
1 C, sativum (Lin. spec. p. 367.). ©. H. but in gardens some- 
times $. Native of corn-fields in the Levant, Tartary, Greece, 
1 
CLXIX. Arrema. 
CLXX. Cortanprum. CLXXI. Cymsocarrum. 
Italy, and the south of France. The plant, although found wild 
in Essex, where it has been long cultivated, is not a native of 
this country. Smith, engl. bot. t. 67. fl. græc. t. 283. Blackw, 
herb. t. 176. Hayne, arz. gew. 7. t. 13. Brunf. hist. 1. p 
203. Mart. rust. t- 141. Rivin. pent. irr. t. 71. Woody. 
med. bot. 492. t. 181. Plench. icon. t. 204. Moris. hist. 3. 
p. 269. sect. 9. t. 11. f. 1. The culture and management of the 
coriander consists in sowing the seeds on a light rich soil in 
September. Twenty pounds of seed will sow an acre. When 
the plants come up, thin them to 6 or 8 inches distance every 
way, and next spring stir the soil with a pronged hoe. In 
August the seed will be ripe, and if great care be not used, the 
largest and best part of the seed will be lost. To prevent this, 
women and children are employed to cut plant by plant, and to 
put it immediately into cloths, in which it is carried to some 
convenient part of the field, and there threshed upon a sail cloth. 
A few strokes of the flail get the seeds clean out, and the 
threshers are ready for another bundle in a few minutes. In 
Essex it is sometimes cultivated with caraway and teazle. See 
Carum carvi. The produce of coriander is from 10 to 14 cwt. 
onanacre. Itis used by the distillers for flavouring spirits; by 
the confectioner for incrusting with sugar; and by the druggists 
for various purposes, for all of which it is said to have a ready 
sale. Coriander seeds are strong and disagreeable when fresh ; 
but by drying become sufficiently grateful. They are recom- 
mended as carminative and stomachic; they are also used to 
cover the taste of senna, and in spices as currie powder, and 
seasoning for black puddings: formerly they were steeped in 
wine, and then dried to render them milder. 
Var. B? microcdrpum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 250.) fruit one half 
smaller than that of the species; segments of the leaves very 
slender and short. ©. H. Native of Mexico, at Tampico. 
Perhaps a proper species. 
Cultivated Coriander. Fl. Ju. Jul. England. PI. 14 foot. 
Cult. Sow the seeds in the autumn or spring in the open 
ground. 
CLXXI. CYMBOCA’RPUM (from cup(oc, kymbos, a hollow, 
and kapzoc, carpos, a fruit ; in reference to the shape of the meri- 
carps, which are hollow in front). D. C. ex Meyer, verz. pflanz. 
eos: 
r Lix. syst. Pentándria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete. 
Petals equal, obcordate; with an inflexed point. Stylopodium 
depressed ; styles reflexed. Fruit nearly globose ; mericarps 
solid, hemispherical: with 5 primary, filiform ribs, which are 
often obliterated: the lateral ones of these marginating ; secon- 
dary ribs none. Vittæ wanting. Carpophore bipartite, free m 
the middle, but adnate at the base and apex. Seed excavated 
in front-—A small, annual fetid plant. Leaves decompound, 
with short, linear segments. Umbels opposite the leaves. Leaves 
of involucra and involucels linear. Flowers white. 
1 C. aneruiorpes (D. C. ex Meyer, verz. pflanz. p. 132.) 
©. H. Native of Caucasus, in stony places on the mountains 
of Talusch, near Swant, about 2000 feet above the level 0 
the sea. 
Fennel-like Cymbocarpum. PI. 1 foot. 
Cult. For culture and propagation see Bifora, p. 381. 
N.B. The two species of Coriéndrum cultivated in China y 
Cochin-china, are mentioned by Loreiro in his fl. coch. p. 2 ; 
under the names of C. sativum and C. testiculàtum; but the firs 
differs from the true C. sativum in the involucels being of one 
leaf; and the second differs from the true C. sett a 
Bifora, from the involucra and involucels being multifid, and ! 
the fruit being sweet scented. 
