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ARALIACEA, 
Oxver CXXIV., ARALIA'CEZ (this order contains only 
plants agreeing with the genus Æràlia in important characters). 
Juss. dict. 2. p. 348. D.C. prop. med. ed. 2. p. 163. D. Don, 
prod. fl. nep. 186. D.C. prod. 4. p. 251.—Araliz, Juss. gen. 
p. 247. 
Tube of calyx adnate to the ovarium: with the limb entire 
or toothed. Petals 5-10, alternating with the calycine teeth, 
valvate in eestivation, rarely wanting altogether. Stamens 
equal in number to the petals, rarely double that number, 
inserted beneath the margin of a large epigynous disk ; anthers 
bilocular, peltate. Ovarium adnate to the calyx: with 2 or 
more cells, containing each only one ovulum. Styles many, 
simple, sometimes distinct and diverging, sometimes joined in 
one, rarely wanting ; stigmas simple. Berry 2-15-celled, crown- 
ed by the entire or toothed limb of the calyx; having as many 
l-seeded cells as there are styles. Seeds angular, erect, with a 
crustaceous testa, and a membranous endopleura. Embryo 
small, inverted, surrounded by copious fleshy albumen : having a 
superior radicle, which is twice the length of the cotyledons.— 
Trees or shrubs, rarely herbs. Stems frutescent, often scandent, 
adhering by root-formed fibres to other substances, as in ivy. 
Leaves alternate, exstipulate, petiolate, simple or compound. 
Petioles long, always dilated and thickened at the base. Flowers 
axillary or terminal, umbellate or capitate; the umbels or heads 
often disposed in a racemose or paniculate manner : having invo- 
lucels usually present. 
The order Araliaceee approximates Umbellifere, but differs 
from it in the inflorescence being often imperfectly umbellate; 
in the styles being usually many ; in the fruit being baccate, and 
Usually plurilocular, always without vittee; and in the parts 
of the fruit not being separable ; in the albumen being fleshy, 
and in the embryo being nearly the length of the albumen. It 
also comes near Ampelidee, but differs in the stamens in Æra- 
lidcece alternating with the petals, not as in Ampelidee oppo- 
Site them, in the leaves being exstipulate, and in the inflores- 
cence never being opposite the leaves, as well as in the calyx 
adhering’ to the ovarium, not free from it. The genus Hédera 
has often been confused with Caprifolidcee, but agrees best 
a the present order, in the free petals and structure of the 
it, 
— Te have no beauty, but the foliage of many is ex- 
rak Ane The medicinal properties are much the same as 
it te nbellifere, except the fruit, which differs in virtues, as 
sa in botanical structure. The bark of many of the species 
oc = aromatic gum-resin, as in Ardalia umbellifera and 
$ he roots are tonic, with, in some cases, the flavour of 
reng The famous Ginseng, which is produced by a species 
T Is reputed to have powerful tonic, restorative, and even 
isiacal qualities ; but it is probable that these have been 
oe exaggerated. The plant has perhaps some really invi- 
ating power when fresh, which after the statements made by 
ather Jartoux cannot reasonably be doubted. 
Synopsis of the genera. 
1 Adoxa, Calyx 2-3-cleft. Corolla rotate, 4 (f. 66. a.) -5- 
383 
cleft. Stamens 8-10. Styles 4-5 (f.66. b.). Berry 4-celled 
4-seeded. Seed girded by a membranous border. 
2 Pa'nax. Flowers polygamous. Margin of calyx obso- 
letely 5-toothed. Petals 5. Stamens 5. Styles 2-3, short. 
Fruit fleshy, compressed, orbicular, or didymous, 2-celled. 
8 Cusson1a. Margin of calyx entire, or with 5-7 acute teeth. 
Petals 5-7. Stamens equal in number to the petals. Ovarium 
crowned by a broad disk. Styles 2-3, short. Fruit 2-3-celled, 
roundish, nearly dry. 
4 Marara, Margin of calyx small. 
Styles.3. Berry cylindrical, 3-celled, 3-seeded. 
5 Guurpe’rt1a. Margin of calyx entire, drawn out beyond 
the ovarium. Petals 5-10. Stamens 5-10. Ovarium 5-10- 
celled, crowned by a broad disk. Style short, composed of 5-10 
concrete ones, which at length diverge a little at the apex. 
Fruit fleshy, 5-10-celled. 
6 Gasronra. Margin of calyx entire, drawn out beyond 
the ovarium. Petals 5-16. Stamens double the number of the 
petals, 2 in front of each petal. Styles 8-12, short, rather con- 
crete at the base. Fruit 8-12-celled, 8-12-ribbed, nearly dry. 
7 Poty'scras. Margin of calyx short, denticulated. Petals 
5-7, but usually 8. Stamens 5-7, but usually 8. Style none. 
Stigmas 3-5, short, spreading. Berry globose, 4-celled, 4- 
seeded. 
8 Torice’n11a. Margin of calyx acutely 5-toothed. Petals 5, 
uncinately incurved at the apex. Stamens 5, very short. Styles 
4, short. Berry nearly dry, 4-celled. 
9 Arata. Margin of calyx very short, entire or toothed 
Petals 5, free at the apex. Stamens 5. Styles 5. Berry 5- 
celled, usually torose. Seed chartaceous. 
10 Sctoparuy’ttum. All as in Ardlia, but the petals are 
joined together into the form of a calyptra at the apex. 
11 He’pera. Margin of calyx elevated or toothed. Petals 
5-10, not cohering at the apex. Stamens 5-10. Styles 5-10, 
conniving, or joined in one. Berry 5-10-celled. 
12 Panatro'pra. Allas in Aralia or Hédera, but differs in 
the stigmas being sessile, at first approximate, and immersed in 
I. Apoxa. 
Petals and stamens 5. 
the epigynous disk. 
13 ARTHROPHY'LLUM. Margin of calyx short, obsoletely 
5-toothed. Petals 5. Stamens 5. Style short, or almost want- 
ing; stigma obtuse. Fruit baccate, crowned, containing a one- 
seeded nucleus. 
I, ADO'XA (from a priv. and éofa, doxa, glory ; without any 
appearance. This plant covers the places where it grows, but 
the flowers are hardly to be seen, being of the same colour as 
the leaves). Lin. gen. no. 501. Gertn. fruct. 2. p. 141. t. 112. 
f. 9. Lam. ill. t. 320. D.C. prod. 4. p; 251.—Moschatellina, 
Tourn. inst. t. 68. 
Lin. syst. Octdndria, Tetragynia. Tube of calyx adnate 
to the ovarium, with 2-3 deep segments. Corolla of one petal, 
wheel-shaped, in 4-5 (f. 66. a.) deep ovate, acute, spreading seg- 
ments, longer than the calyx. Stamens 8 or 10; anthers roundish, 
Ovarium half superior. “Styles 4-5 (f. 66, b.), short, united at 
their base, which is permanent. Berry globose, its lower half 
invested with the permanent calyx, whose segments surround the 
middle part, of one cell, pulpy inside. Seeds 4, ranged round the 
