ARALIACEÆ. X. ScIODAPHYLLUM. 
but clothed with powdery velvety rusty down beneath; racemes 
elongated, granular ; flowers capitate, with 7-9 stamens; corollas 
obovate, angular, and truncate. h. G. Native of Peru and 
New Granada, on shady hills. Actinophy'llum angulàtum, Ruiz 
et Pav. fl. 5. p. 73. t. 307. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. 
p. 9. Heads of flowers about the size of a walnut, yellowish. 
Berry dark purple, cuneiform, angular. Styles 4-6. 
Angular Sciodaphyllum. Tree 20 to 30 feet. 
14 S. PEDICELLA'TUM (Poir. dict. 6. p. 746.) stem scandent ; 
leaves digitate : leaflets 9-13, petiolulate, oblong, acuminated, 
somewhat sinuately undulated, and concave at the base, gla- 
brous; racemes many; flowers pedicellate, umbellate on the 
branches; corollas hemispherical. p. ..G. Native of Peru, 
m groves at Munna. Actinophy‘Ilum pedicellatum, Ruiz et Pav. 
fl. per. 3. p. 73. t. 308. Stem rooting, filled with medulle ; 
branches purplish. Racemes purplish, a foot long. Stamens 
6-7, Berries angularly globose, greenish purple. 
Pedicellate-flowered Sciodaphyllum. Shrub cl. 
15 S. acumina‘rum (Poir. dict. 6. p. 746.) stems scandent; 
leaves digitate: leaflets 7-11, petiolulate, oblong, obliquely acu- 
minated, coriaceous, glabrous, reticulately veined ; racemes 2-5, 
tomentose ; flowers pentandrous and octandrous, capitate; co- 
rollas hemispherical, apiculated. h.G. Native of Peru, in 
groves. Actinophy'llum acuminatum, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. 
pP. 74, t. 810. Corollas yellow, disposed in heads, which are a 
little larger than a pea. Styles 5. 
Acuminated-leaved Sciodaphyllum. Shrub cl. 
16 S. ANÓMALUM (G. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. p. 112.) arbo- 
reus ; leaves digitate : leaflets 5-7, oblong-lanceolate, acuminated 
at the apex, green and smooth on both surfaces : outer ones the 
smallest ; umbels capitate, panicled; branches green and smooth. 
1i S. Native of Trinidad, in woods. Carolínea insígnis, 
ortul. Flowers whitish yellow. Largest leaflets 1 foot long. 
Anomalous Sciodaphyllum. Clt. 1817. Tree 20 feet. 
17 S. Quiyvur'nsz (D. C. prod. 4. p. 261.) stem shrubby, 
scandent ; leaves digitate : leaflets 7, oblong, acuminated, quite 
aan glabrous; umbels 4-flowered, racemose; flowers with 
Stamens. h, „G. Native of the Andes, about Quindiu, 
the height of 3300 feet above the level of the sea. Aralia 
ulnduénsis, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 8. t. 417. f. 
Š Styles 3-10, spreading. Petals cohering at the apex. Fruit 
~10-ribbed. Perhaps a species of Ardlia. 
Quindiu Sciodaphyilum. Shrub cl. 
Cult. All the species are worth cultivating in gardens for the 
sake of their fine handsome large foliage. A mixture of loam, 
Peat, and sand is a good soil for them; and they are easily in- 
geed by cuttings under a hand-glass in sand, placed in a mo- 
erate heat. 
XI. HEDERA (a name for which many etymologies have 
it offered. The best explanation is, that it has been derived 
z Kas hedra, cord in Celtic, lierre in French. The English name 
l Ivy is derived from the Celtic word iw, green, from its being 
ey green. The word iw is given to Táxus by the French, 
ence also the English name of the genus Yew). Swarts, fl. ind. 
occ. p. 518. D. Don, prod. nep. p. 186. Geertn. fruct. 1. t. 26. 
prod, 4. p. 261.—Ardalia sect. Gymnapteina, Blum. 
bijdr, p- 871.—Hédera and Aràlia species Lin. and all other 
authors, 
Lix. syst. Pent-Decándria, Pent-Decagy'nia. Margin of 
calyx elevated or toothed. Petals 5-10, not cohering at the 
cee the form of a calyptra. Stamens 5-10. Styles 5-10, 
onniving, or joined in one. Berry 5-10-celled.—Climbing or 
erect shrubs. Leaves simple or compound. Flowers umbellate 
or capitate, 
XI. Hepera. 391 
§ 1. Leaves simple, undivided, or lobed. 
1 H. He‘rrx (Lin. spec. 292.) stems climbing, throwing out 
roots from the side by which it is placed to any substance; 
leaves coriaceous, glabrous, shining, with 5 angular lobes; 
those on the old upright branches, which form the tops of the 
plants, ovate, acute, quite entire; umbels simple, pubescent. 
h. VU H. Native of Europe. Common ivy is a valuable 
ornamental evergreen climbing shrub. It is useful for covering 
walls and sides of houses, or training into fanciful shapes, as of 
human figures, &c. on skeletons of wire-work, or trained up to 
a stake, so as to form a standard; but when ivy has reached to 
the top of any support, the branches shorten, and become 
woody, forming themselves into large bushy heads, and the 
leaves become entire and more of an oval shape, and not 
divided into lobes like the lower ones, and in this state they 
produce flowers at the end of every shoot. The berries are 
black at maturity. The flowers are yellowish, and appear 
late in the season, and in consequence is much resorted to 
by bees and flies, when little other food is to be had. The 
berries increase during the winter, are full formed in February, 
and ripenin April; furnishing food for wild pigeons, blackbirds, 
thrushes, &c. in the spring. Blackbirds, and several other birds, 
build their nests in the stumps of ivy tufts. Sheep are fond of 
the leaves, especially during severe weather. The ancients held 
ivy in great esteem, and Bacchus is represented crowned with it 
to prevent intoxication; and Homer describes his heroes as 
drinking out of a cup made of the wood. Haller says, that the 
leaves are given in Germany as a specific in atropus in children. 
Common people apply them to issues and corns. The berries 
are aperient and emetic. ‘The wood is soft and porous, so as to 
transmit liquids if turned of a sufficient degree of thinness. The 
roots are used by leather-cutters to whet their knives upon. 
The whole plant is rather aromatic; and a very fragrant resin 
exudes from the old stems when bruised. The specific name 
Helix is derived from sew, eileo, to encompass or turn round ; 
in reference to the twining stems. 
Var. a, vulgaris (D. C. prod. 4. p. 261.) pedicels clothed with 
stellate down; floral leaves ovate; fruit black; leaves of the 
rooting branches 5-lobed, with white veins. R. o. H. Native of 
Europe, in woods, hedges, and on old buildings. Hédera Helix, 
Lin. spec. 292. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1267. Curt. lond. fase. 1. 
t.16. Fl. dan. t. 1027. Bull. fr. t: 183. Drev. and Hayne, 
pl. europ. t. 66. There is a variegated-leaved variety of this in 
the gardens. 
Var. B, Canariénsis (D. C. prod. 4. p. 261.) pedicels beset 
with lepidotted pubescence ; floral leaves subcordate: those of 
the creeping branches 5-lobed, larger than those of the common 
ivy; fruit red. bh. V. H. Native of the Canary Islands. 
Hédera Canariénsis, Willd. in berl. mag. 2. p. 170. t. 5. f. 1. 
Schultes, syst. 5. p. 508. In the gardens this is called Irish 
Ivy. 
a y, chrysocárpa (D. C. prod. 4. p. 261.) pedicels lepi- 
dotted ; floral leaves elliptic, usually cuneated at the base ; fruit 
yellow. h. H. Native of the north of India. H. Helix, 
Wall. in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 515. D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 187. 
It differs from var. a, vulgaris in the stature being more gigan- 
tic, in the leaves being much more cuneated at the base, in the 
pedicels being lepidotted, in the berries being yellow and usually 
5-seeded. H. Poética, C. Bauh. pin. p. 305. H. chrysocarpos, 
Dalech. lugd. H. Dionýsias, J. Bauh. hist. with a figure. 
Helix or Common Ivy. Fl. Oct. Britain. Shrub cl. 
2 H. corympdsa (Choisy, mss. in herb. D. C. ex prod. 
4. p. 262.) stem arboreous, bushy; leaves cordate, acute, 
bluntly 5-angled, when young velvety on the nerves beneath, 
but in the adult state glabrous on both surfaces; flowers corym- 
