400 CORNES., 
spreading, smooth ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, 
on short petioles, rather rough from small adpressed down ; 
flowers sessile, densely aggregate, forming a round head, girded 
by a 4-leaved scabrous involucrum. ).H. Native of Nipaul, 
in Gosaingsthan, where the tree is called chungwa ; and about Se- 
rampore, where it is called Bhtimowro ; and between Sutley and 
Jumna. D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 141. Leaves coriaceous, 2 
inches long, glaucous and pale beneath: with sometimes pink- 
coloured nerves, having each a minute gland in their axils.- 
Heads of flowers about the size of a moderate-sized cherry, 
supported by a club-shaped peduncle, which widens at the upper 
end into a convex ligneous receptacle for the reception of the 
flowers. Involucrum yellow, of 4 obovate leaves. 
Capitate-flowered Dogwood. ‘Tree 10 to 15 feet. 
14 C. piscrrt6ra (Moe. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D.C. 
prod. 4. p. 273.) branches smooth ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated 
at both ends, on short petioles ; flowers nearly sessile, disposed in 
capitate umbels; leaves of involucrum joined together into a 
roundish 4-lobed disk. h.H. Native of Mexico, near Jalapa, 
where it was collected by Berlandier, Deppe, and Schiede. C. 
grandis, Cham. et Schlecht. in Linnea. 5. p. 171. Flowers 
white, many sterile. Fruit ovate. Perhaps C. polygama, Rafin. 
fil. lud. p. 78.? 
Disk-flomered Dogwood. Tree. 
15 C. Japonica (Thunb. fl. jap. p. 63.) arboreous ; branches 
striated ; leaves ovate, acuminated, entire at the base, pale be- 
neath ; umbels decompound, of 3-5 rays; involucrum of 4 leaves. 
h. H. Native of Japan, near Nagasaki. Vibúrnum Japóni- 
cum, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 934. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 320. 
Stamens 4. Flowers white. Fruit crowned by the very short 
permanent style, and the trigonal acute stigma, compressed, red, 
smooth, rather acid, ex Thunb. |. c. 
Japan Dogwood. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 
** Trees, with yellow umbellate flowers. 
16 C. ma's (Lin. spec. 171.) branches smoothish; leaves 
oval, acuminated, rather pubescent on both surfaces; flowers 
rising before the leaves ; umbels about equal in length to the 4- 
leaved involucra; fruit elliptic. h. H. Native throughout 
Europe, Britain excepted, and in the north of Asia, in hedges, 
and among bushes; as in France, Russia, Germany, Switzerland, 
Austria, Carniola, Piedmont, &c. Blackw. t. 121. Plench. 
icon. t. 64. C. mascula, L’Her. corn. no. 4. Guimp. abb. t. 2, 
Hayne, term. bot. t. 35. Fl. gree. t. 151. Schmidt, arb. 2. t. 
63, Lam. ill. t. 74. f. 1. Knip, cent. 1. t. 18. Flowers yellow. 
Fruit elliptic, of a high shining scarlet colour, the size and form 
of a small olive or acorn, very styptic in its immature state. 
The Cornelian cherry is very common in plantations of shrubs. 
If the season be mild, the flowers will come out in the beginning 
of February; and though there be no great beauty in them, yet 
they are produced in plenty at a season when few other flowers 
appear. Formerly it was cultivated for the fruit, which was 
used to make tarts, and a rob de cornis was kept in the shops. 
The fruit is gratefully acid, and is called sorbet by the Turks. 
Cornel, says Evelyn, grows with us ofa good bulk and stature, 
and is exceedingly commended for its durableness in wheel- 
work, pins, and wedges, in which it lasts like the hardest iron. 
Var. B; fruit yellow or yellowish. Duham. arb. 1. p. 182. 
This variety is to be found but very rare in the gardens. 
Var. y, variegata ; leaves edged with white or yellow. 
Male Cornel or Cornelian-cherry. Fl. Feb. April. Clt. 1596. 
Shrub 10 to 15 feet. 
17 C. rLórIDA (Lin. spec. 1661.) branches shining; leaves 
ovate, acuminated, pale beneath, beset with adpressed pili on 
both surfaces; flowers umbellate, rising after the leaves; leaves 
of involucrum large, roundish, retuse or nearly obcordate; 
I. Cornus. 
drupes ovate. h.H. Native of North America, from Caro- 
lina to Canada, in woods, common; and on the banks of the 
Columbia near its confluence with the sea. L’Hher. corn. no. 3, 
Curt. bot. mag. t. 526. Catesb. car. t. 27. Bigel. med. bot. 2. t, 
28. Guimp. abb. holz. t. 19. Rafin. med. bot. t. 28. Schmidt, 
arb, 2. t. 52. Wang. beytr. 1. t. 17. f. 41. This is a beautiful 
small tree. Leaves of involucrum white. Flowers greenish- 
yellow. Berries scarlet, about half the size of those of C. mas- 
cula, ripe in August. The wood is extremely hard, and of a very 
fine texture. The bark is extremely bitter, and is used in North 
America for the cure of remittent and intermittent fevers ; and 
is considered not inferior to Peruvian bark. The young branches 
stripped of their bark, and rubbed with their ends against the 
teeth, render them extremely white. (Barton, 1. p. 51.) From 
the bark of the more fibrous roots the Indians obtain a good 
scarlet colour. 
Flowering Dogwood. FI. April, May. Clt. 1781. Tree 20 
to 30 feet. 
*** Herbaceous plants, with subterranecus creeping roots. 
Stems simple, herbaceous. Flowers white, in umbels. 
18 C. Cawanve’nsis (Lin. spec. 
172.) stems simple, herbaceous ; 
upper leaves in whorles, ovate, 
acuminated, veiny, on short pe- 
tioles ; flowers umbellate, much 
shorter than the leaves of the in- 
volucrum, which are ovate, and 
acuminated ; drupes_ globose. 
Y.H. Native of North Ame- 
rica, on the high mountains, 
in boggy ground, from New 
England to Carolina; also of 
Newfoundland, and the island of 
Unalaschka; throughout Canada 
nearly to the Arctic coast, every 
where as far as pine woods ex- 
tend, &c. L’Her. corn. no. 2. 
t. 1. Curt. bot. mag. 880. Begel. $ 
fi. bost. ed. 1. p. 37. Cham. and Schlecht. in Linnea. 3. R 
139. Kerner, t. 636. ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. P: 319. 
Flowers purplish-white ; involucra white. Berries red, ripe m 
July. Habit of Pàris quadrifòlia. Lf 
Canadian Dogwood. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1774. Pl. za 
19 C. Sur’cica (Lin. spec. 172.) stem herbaceous; umbe 
between two branches, stalked, surrounded by 4 unequal n 
involucral leaves, tinged with red; leaves opposite, sessi € 
ovate, almost nerved from the base; drupe globose. Miera 
Native of Europe and the north of Asia, Kamtschatka, a 
Islands, Greenland, Lapland, Canada, Newfoundland, and = 
brador, in moist alpine pastures. In Britain in like situations; 
on the Cheviot hills of Northumberland, abundantly. In the 
highlands of Scotland, frequent in boggy spots about oa 
In the Hole of Horcum, near Scarborough. Lin. fl. lapp. pe 
2. p. 38. t. 5. f. 3. Svensk. bot. t. 201. Penn. tour. scotl. er 
Smith, engl. bot. t. 310.—@Œder, fl. dan. t. 5. Sturm. csr 
fi. with a figure. C. herbacea, Huds. angl. 7].—Dill. elth. 100. 
t. 91.—Raii, syn. 261. Park. theatr. 1461. f.1. The involuci 
leaves finally turn green. Flowers dark purple. The esi 
are red and sweetish, containing a 2-celled nucleus, having hé 
dissepiment between the cells furnished with a large hole; t y 
are supposed by the Highlanders to create an appetite, m 
hence the Gaelic name, Lus-a-chrasis, plant of gluttony. Native 
Var. B; nearly twice the size of the species. X- H. an 
of North America, at Fort Vancouver, on the Columbia. 
FIG. 71. 
