CHLORANTHEZ. 
of Jamaica and Martinico, on the higher mountains. Branches 
angular near the sheaths of the petioles, kneed, rather fleshy. 
Leaves serrated, attenuated and obtuse at the apex, brownish 
green, shining. Stipulaceous sheaths large, cucullate, bidentate 
at both sides. Female flowers crowded on the racemes by 
threes, sessile. Scales 3-4 under the flowers. Ovarium trigo- 
nal. Style triquetrous: stigma obtuse. Fruit white, rather 
diaphanous. Calyx baccate, like that of the first species, 
Arborescent Hedyosmum. Shrub 12 to 16 feet. 
4 H. mrsvu'rum (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 164.) 
sheaths and leaves oblong, serrated, hairy beneath. h. S. 
Native of New Granada. 
Hairy-leaved Hedyosmum. Shrub. 
5 H. cragra rum (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 165. 
t: 635.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, serrated, rough; aments and 
strobiles tern. h. S. Native of Peru, in Pati and Muna, where it 
is called Aytacupi; and New Granada. Tafalla scdbra, Ruiz 
et Pav. fl. per. syst. p. 270. 
Smooth Hedyosmum. ‘Tree 20 feet. 
6 H. Boyrranpia‘num (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 7. p. 164. 
t. 684-635.) leaves oblong, acuminated, glabrous, serrated ; 
male peduncles twin, 3-spiked: those of the female branched. 
h. S. Native of Peru, in the mountains of Cuchero and Aco- 
mago, where it is called Ayacupi and Almacijas; and New 
Granada, Tafalla glatica, Ruiz et Pav. fi. per. syst. p. 271. 
Bonpland’s Hedyosmum. Tree 25 feet. 
Cult. For culture and propagation see Chlordnthus, p. 434. 
with the exception that the species require more heat. They 
are shrubs of no beauty. 
Orpen CXXIX. CAPRIFOLIA‘CEZ (this order agrees 
with Caprifdlium or Honeysuckle). Juss. gen. p. 110. (exclu- 
sive of sects. 2 and 4.) Rich. dict. class. 3. p. 172. D.C. 
prod. 4. p. 321. 
Calyx haviag the tube adhering to the ovarium (f. 77. c.), and 
the limb free and 5-lobed (f. 77. d. f. 78. a.). Corolla gamo- 
petalous (f. 77. b. f. 78. b. f. 79. 6.), inserted in the calyx, 
with the tube short (f. 77. b.), or long (f. 78. b.), and the limb 
5-lobed (£. 77. b.), and sometimes irregular (f. 78. b. f. 79. b.), 
not valvate in zstivation. Stamens inserted in the calyx, and 
„adnate to the corolla at the base (f. 82. f. f. 79.c.), and alternating 
with its lobes, and equal in number to them (one of which is 
Sometimes abortive), sometimes exserted (f. 79. c. f. 78. c.), 
Sometimes inclosed (f. 82. f. f. 81. 6.); filaments subulate; - 
anthers ovate, 2-celled. Ovarium adnate to the calyx, while 
young 3-celled (f. 77. ¢.). Style exserted (f. 78. c.) or want- 
ing ; stigmas 3, sometimes distinct, sometimes combined into a 
head. Berry crowned by the limb of the calyx (f. 77. d. f. 
81. g.), usually pulpy, rarely almost dry, many-celled in the 
adult state, but often 1-celled from the dissepiments, which are 
very thin, having vanished. Seeds inverted, solitary, twin, or 
humerous in the cells, but sometimes many of them are abor- 
tive; spermaderm crustaceous. Embryo in the centre of a 
fleshy albumen; with a superior radicle, and 2 ovate-oblong 
cotyledons.—Shrubs, rarely herbs or trees. Leaves opposite, 
exstipulate (rarely furnished with 2 small stipulas at the base 
of each petiole) simple, undivided, toothed, rarely pinnate, 
feather-nerved. Flowers terminal, corymbose, or axillary. 
Taking Lonicéra for the type of the order, there will be 
found a striking affinity with Rubiaceae, Tribe Cinchonacee@ in 
II. Hepyosmum. 
CAPRIFOLIA'CEZ. 435 
the monopetalous tubular corolla, definite stamens, inferior ova- 
rium, and opposite leaves, an affinity which is confirmed by the 
corolla of the latter being occasionally regular or irregular. 
With Apociynee it has an intimate alliance for the same reasons, 
differing chiefly in their qualities, with the non-connivance of 
the anthers, the æstivation of the corolla, and the structure of 
the fruit. To Loranthdcee they also approach, in the structure 
of the flowers and berries. Besides these points of affinity, 
Caprifoliacee probably tends towards Umbellifere through 
Sambicus, from the fetid divided leaves and half herbaceous 
habit. The genus Triósteum appears to be a link between this 
order and Rubiaceae. The fragrance and beauty of the honey- 
suckle tribe have been the theme of many a poet's song. They 
consist either of twining or erect shrubs, with clusters of trum- 
pet-shaped, fragrant, white, scarlet, or yellow flowers; or of 
fine bushes: having cymes of white blossoms. The honey- 
suckle is the representative of the former and the elder of the 
latter. Here too is found the modest and delicate Linne‘a 
borealis, which, however inferior its attractions for the vulgar 
eye may be to those of its more ostentatious neighbours, yields 
to none of them in elegance or interest for the botanist; but 
independently of such recommendations, they possess properties 
of considerable interest. Their bark is generally astringent ; 
that of Lonicéra corymbésa is used for dying black in Chili. 
The flowers of the elder are fragrant, soporific, and sudorific, 
its leaves and inner bark fetid, emetic, and a drastic purgative, 
qualities which are also possessed by the honeysuckle. The 
fruit of Vibúrnum is destitute of these properties, but has in- 
stead an austere, astringent pulp, which becomes eatable after 
fermentation, and is made into a sort of cake by the American 
Indians. Tridstewm perfolidtum is a mild cathartic ; in large 
doses it produces vomiting; and its dried or roasted berries 
have been used as coffee. All caprifoliaceous plants love shady 
and cool places in both hemispheres, but few have been found 
in such as endure a very severe climate. 
Synopsis of the genera. 
Trise I. 
Sampu'cex. Corolla gamopetalous, regular, rotate (f. 74. a. 
f. 75. a.); petals 5, only connected a little at the base, rarely 
Style wanting. Stigmas 3, sessile. 
1 Samsu'cus. Limb of calyx 5-cleft. Corolla rotate (f. 74. 
a.), urceolate. Berry roundish, pulpy, l-celled, 3-4-seeded 
(f. 74. b.), hardly crowned (f. 74. e.). 
2 Visu’rnum. Limb of calyx 5-cleft (f. 76. a.), permanent. 
Corolla rotate (f. 75.a. f.76. 6.), sub-campanulate or tubular. 
Berry ovate or globose, 1-seeded from abortion, crowned by the 
tubular. 
calycine teeth. 
Trise I. 
Lonicr‘rex. Corolla gamopetalous (f.77.b. f. 78. b.) more 
(f. 78. b.) or less (f. 77. 6.) tubular, usually irregular (£. 78. b. 
f. 79. b.). Style filiform (f. 78. c.), crowned by 3 distinct or 
concrete stigmas, 
$x 2 
