438 CAPRIFOLIACE. 
teate: stigmas 5, sessile; berries 5-celled. W.H. Native of 
Brazil, and cultivated at Talcahuano in Chili. Flowers cream- 
coloured? There is a variety of this having 4 stigmas and a 
4-celled berry. 
Southern Elder. Shrub 5 to 10 feet. 
** Leaves pinnate. Flowers panicled. 
12 S. racemosa (Lin. spec. 386.) shrubby; leaves pinnate ; 
leaflets 5, membranous, oblong, acuminated, serrated, unequal 
at the base ; petioles glabrous ; panicle ovate. h. H. Native 
of middle and south Europe, and Siberia on the mountains. 
Jacq. icon. rar. 1. p. 59. Duham. arb. t. 66. and ed. nov. 1. 
t. 56. S. montana, Cam. epit. 976. S.cervini, Tabern. t. 1029. 
—Lob. icon. t. 163. Leaves pale green, pretty smooth. 
Flowers of a whitish green colour. Fruit red or scarlet when 
ripe. 
Var. P, lacinidta (Koch, in D. C. fi. fr. suppl. p. 500.) 
leaflets jagged. h. H. Native of the Palatinate of the Rhine. 
Racemose-flowered Elder. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1596. 
Shrub 10 to 12 feet. 
12 S. pu'pens (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 181.) shrubby ; 
leaves pinnate; leaflets 5, membranous, ovate-lanceolate or 
oblong, acuminated, serrated, pubescent, but chiefly on the 
under side; panicle thyrsoid. h. H. Native from Carolina 
to Canada, on the highest mountains, as far as the Saskatchawan. 
S. racemdsa, Hook, fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 279. but not of Lin. 
Berries red. Flowers whitish. Resembles S. racemdsa very 
much, 
Var. ÌB, heptaphilla; leaves larger than those of the species ; 
leaflets 7. h. H. Native of North America, on the east side 
of the Rocky Mountains: and shores of the Columbia, near 
Fort Vancouver, and at its confluence with the sea. The Rocky 
Mountain specimens, and, more especially those from the Pa- 
cific, are remarkable for the great size and length of their leaf- 
lets, and there being almost constantly seven upon eac hrachis. 
Downy Elder. FI. May, June. Clt. 1812. Sh. 6 to 10 ft. 
** * Leaves bipinnate. 
14 S. Exsunoipes (Desv. in herb. mus. par.) suffruticose ; 
leaves bipinnate ; leaflets lanceolate, serrated ; panicle composed 
of racemes. h.H. Native of China, in the suburbs of Can- 
ton. Phytetima bipinnata, Lour. coch. 138. Branches angular 
and furrowed. Flowers white. Fruit perforated, 3-celled, 
many-seeded. 
Danewnort-like Elder. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 
15 S. puyreumoipes (D. C. prod. 4. p. 323.) suffruticose ; 
leaves bipinnate ; leaflets lanceolate, serrated, wrinkled ; pedun- 
cles many-flowered, divaricate. h. H. Native of Cochin- 
china, on the mountains. Phyteùma Cochinchinénsis, Lour, 
coch. 139. Flowers white. Berry roundish, pertuse, small, 
1-celled, many-seeded. Very nearly allied to S. ebuloides. 
Phyteuma-like Elder. Shrub 5 feet. 
+ Doubtful species, to be inquired into or excluded from the 
order. 
16 S.? Lourerria‘na (D. C. prod. 4. p. 328.) arboreous ; 
leaves pinnate ; leaflets 5, broad-lanceolate, quite entire, gla- 
brous. h.H. Native of China, on the mountains. S. nigra, 
Lour. coch. p. 181. but not of Lin. Cymes 5-parted and 3- 
parted ; peduncles long, nearly equal. Fruit a round, small, 
reddish-brown, 3-seeded inferior berry. The berries are used 
by the Chinese in coldness of the extremities, as they are of a 
heating nature, from which quality, and the quite entire leaflets, 
it is not likely to be a species of Sambucus, but probably a spe- 
cies of Turpinia. 
Loureiro’s Elder. Shrub 8 feet. 
I. Sampucus. 
II. VIBURNUM. 
17 S.? Jaróxica (Thunb. fi. jap. p. 125.) shrubby ; leaves 
impari-pinnate, with 3-7 pairs of leaflets and an odd one; 
leaflets ovate, acute, cartilaginously serrated, glabrous ; flowers 
disposed in panicled, trichotomous cymes. h. H. Native of 
Japan. Ovarium superior and style filiform, for which reason 
it ought evidently to be excluded from the genus: it is pro- 
bably also a species of J'wurpinia. Stipulas none. Stigmas 
capitate, white. 
Japan Elder. Shrub. 
18 S.? Tuunse’rcm; shrubby; cymes 5-parted; leaves 
somewhat bipinnate. hk. H. Native of Japan, near Naga- 
saki and elsewhere, where it is called by the Japanese Sokuso- 
soand Saki-Teki. Shrub perishing just above the earth every 
year. S. Canadénsis, Thunb. fl. jap. p. 126. This plant is 
hardly known as well as the S. nigra, Thunb. lcs 
Thunberg’s Elder. Shrub. 
Cult. All the species of elder are of the most easy culture, 
and will thrive in any soil or situation. The perennial herba- 
ceous species creep much at the root, and are difficult to extir- 
pate, having once got hold in the ground. The shrubby and 
arboreous kinds are easily increased by cuttings, stuck in the 
ground in autumn or spring. Those species, natives of warmer 
climates, will require a little protection in severe weather in winter. 
II. VIBU'RNUM (this name is derived, according to Vail- 
lant, from the Latin word vieo, to tie; on account of the plia- 
bility of the branches of some species). Lin. gen. p. 370. 
Geertn. fruct. 1. t. 27. Adans. fam. 2. p. 501. Schkuhr, 
handb. t. 81. D.C. prod. 4. p. 323.—O’pulus, Vibarnum, a 
Tinus, Tourn. inst. p. 607. t. 376 and 377.—Vibarnum an 
O’pulus, Moench. meth. p. 505. f all 
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Trigýnia. Limb of calyx n ’ 
5-cleft (£. 76.a.), permanent. Corolla rotate (f. 75. a. f. 76. k: 
somewhat campanulate, or tubular, with a 5-lobed limb (f. 76. ie 
Stamens 5, equal (f. 75. 6.). Stigmas 3, sessile. Berry ovate 
or globose, 1 seeded from abortion, crowned by the calves 
teeth. Seeds compressed.—Shrubs. Leaves opposite, Le 
late. Corymbs of flowers terminal. Flowers usually white, 
but sometimes verging to a rose colour. 
Secr. I. Lewra'co (from lento, to make pliant; 1m peepee: 
to the pliability of the branches of some species). „D. C. pira 
4. p. 324.—V ibúrnum, Mænch. meth. p. 505.—Vibarnum m 
Tinus, Tourn. l. c. Borkh. in Roem. arch. 1. p. 20. o fi 
not radiant, having the flowers all fertile, and equal in s GA 
and size. Corolla rotate, or hardly somewhat bell-shaped. 
Seed oval. 
§ 1. Leaves quite entire or toothed. Style almost wanting ; 
stigmas 3, sessile. 
1 V. Tinus (Lin. spec. 383.) 
leaves ovate-oblong, quite entire, 
permanent: having the ramifi- 
cations of the veins beneath, as 
well as the branchlets, furnished 
with glandular hairs. h. H. 
Native of the south of Europe, 
in the region of the olives, and 
of the north of Africa, as of 
Portugal, Spain, Italy, the south 
of France, and Algiers. Duh. 
arb. ed. nov. 2. t. 87. Curt. 
bot. mag. t. 88. V. lauri- 
forme, Lam. fi. fr. 3. p. 363. 
Tinus, Tourn. inst. p. 607. t. 
377. Tinus laurifodlius, Borkh. 
