Se _ —— 
— 
CAPRIFOLIACEÆ. XI. VALENTIANA. 
to the ovarium ; limb 5-toothed, erect. Corolla superior, salver- 
shaped, with a woolly throat and a 5-parted limb: the seg- 
ments lanceolate. Anthers 5, linear, inserted in the recesses 
between the segments of the corolla. Style equal in length to 
the stamens; stigma ovate-oblong. Berry ovate, umbilicate, 
l-seeded.—A large tree, with very durable wood and spreading 
branches. Leaves opposite, lanceolate, quite entire, glabrous. 
Racemes axillary, short, loose. Flowers white. 
1 A. Cocurxcntne’nsts (Lour. 1. c.) h.G. Native of Cochin- 
china. The wood of this tree is white and heavy, composed of 
thick fibres; and is used for the purpose of forming the founda- 
tion of bridges, being imperishable either by being under water 
or under ground. í 
Cochinchina Aidia. Tree large. 
Cult. Any common soil will suit this tree ; and cuttings will 
be easily rooted if planted under a hand-glass. 
XI. VALENTIA‘NA (meaning unknown to us). Rafin. 
Speech. 1. p. 87. D. C. prod. 4. p. 340. 
Lin. syst. Tetréndria, Monogjnia. Tube of calyx adnate 
to the ovarium; limb 8-cleft. Corolla tubular: with a 5-cleft 
nearly equal limb, Stamens 4, epipetalous, nearly equal. Style 
filiform: stigma 2-lobed. Fruit 2-celled ?—A twining shrub. 
Leaves opposite, petiolate, somewhat sagittate, a little serrated, 
acute. Flowers axillary, solitary, bibracteate ; bracteas cordate, 
winged on the outside.—This genus is said by Rafinesque to be 
allied to Linne‘a, but the plant is wholly unknown to other 
botanists. 
1 V., voro girs (Rafin. 1. e.) 
sinia. 
Twining Valentiana. Shrub tw. 
Cult. See Aidia, p- 452. for culture and propagation. The 
plant is well fitted for training up the rafter in a green-house. 
h.™, G. Native of Abys- 
XII. KARPA‘TON (meaning unknown to us). Rafin. fl. lud. 
P. 78. D.C. prod. 4. p. 340. 
Lin. syst. Didndria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx adhering to 
the ovarium ; limb 4-toothed. Corolla tubular, 4-cleft, bila- 
biate. Stamens 2 ; anthers 2-lobed: lobes remote. Style un- 
der the upper lip of the corolla; stigma simple. Capsule 
crowned by the calyx, 1-celled? 4-seeded. Stem herbaceous? 
angular ; branches fastigiate. Leaves opposite, sessile, oblong, 
hastate, unequally toothed at the base, acuminated, glabrous. 
Flowers small, sessile, disposed in whorls. According to the 
author it is allied to Deervilla, but the genus is entirely unknown 
to any other author, 
1 K. Hasta'rum (Rafin. 1.c.) Y.H. Native of Louisiana. 
Anényma, Rob. voy. p. 457. 
Hastate-leaved Karpaton. Pl.? 
Cult. This plant will grow best in a border of peat earth, 
and may probably be increased by dividing at the root. 
OrDER CXXX. RUBIA'CEÆ (this order contains plants 
agreeing with Rùbia in important characters). Juss. gen. p. 
196. D.C. ann. mus. 9. p- 216. prod. 4. p. 341. prop. med. ed. 
2. p. 168. Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 365. Cham. et Schlecht. in 
ô. p. 220. and 310. and vol. 4. p- 1. 30. and 179.—Aparines, 
Adans. fam. 2. p. 140.—Stellata and Contérte: genera of Lin. 
; Tube of calyx adhering to the ovarium (f. 94. e. f. 97. g.); 
limb variable, truncate (f. 93. a.), or of many lobes, usually re- 
gular; the sepals or lobes equal in number to the petals (f. 84. 
c.), very rarely intermixed with accessory teeth. Corolla 
gamopetalous, inserted in the upper part of the tube of the 
XII. Karraton. RUBIACEÆ. 453 
calyx, usually with a 4-5 lobed limb (f. 93. b. f. 84. c.), rarely with 
a 3 or 9-parted limb (f.101. b.); the tube either short (f. 84. b.) 
or long (f. 92. c.); the lobes or segments twisted or valvate in 
æstivation. Stamens equal in number to the segments of the 
corolla, alternating with them, and more or less adnate to its 
tube (f. 83. g. f. 91. b.) Anthers oval, 2-celled (f. 111. ¢.), 
bursting inwardly. Ovarium situated within the calyx, and ad- 
hering to it (f. 94. e. f. 103. g. f.), usually 2 (f. 94. c.) or many 
celled (f. 103. g.), rarely 1-celled by abortion: always crowned 
by a fleshy urceolus, or the limb of the calyx (f. 103. f.). Style 
one, rising from the urceolus (f. 83. d.); stigmas usually 2, 
distinct (f. 105. c.), or more or less combined (f. 83. e.), rarely 
more than 2. Fruit baccate (f. 107. h.), capsular (f. 95. k.), or 
drupaceous (f.103. g.), 2 (f. 94. c.) or many celled (f. 103. g.); cells 
1-2 or many seeded. The seeds, where they are solitary in the cells, 
are sometimes fixed by the apex, but usually by the base; but 
where they are numerous in the cells, they are fixed to a centra] 
placenta, and are usually horizontal. Albumen large, horny or 
fleshy. Embryo straight, or a little curved, inclosed in the middle 
of the albumen; with a terete radicle turned towards the 
hilum; and foliaceous cotyledons.—Trees, shrubs, and herbs, 
with terete or tetragonal branches. Leaves simple, girded by a 
marginal nerve, and therefore quite entire, opposite or verticil- 
late, always bistipulate. Stipulas variable in cohesion and form, 
interpetiolar or intrafoliaceous. Flowers arranged in various 
ways, but usually in panicles or corymbs, rarely unisexual by 
abortion. 
This well marked order is nearly allied to Compésite, from 
which its distinct stamens, bilocular, and plurilocular ovarium 
and inflorescence, distinguish it, and consequently it participates 
in all the relation of that extensive order. From Apocynee in 
the estivation of the corolla, the presence of stipulas, and the 
inferior ovarium distinguish it, yet, according to Mr. R. Brown, 
there exists a genus in equinoxial Africa which has the inter- 
petiolar stipulas and seeds of Rubiacee and the superior ova- 
rium of Apociynee, thus connecting these two orders, Congo, p. 
448. There isa striking affinity between Rubidcee and Capri- 
foliacee in the monopetalous tubular corolla, definite stamens, 
inferior ovarium, and opposite leaves, which is confirmed by the 
corolla of the latter being occasionally regular or irregular. 
The tribe Operculariée, referred to this order by Mr. R. Brown 
(Congo, p. 447.) and others (A. Rich. elem. ed. 4. p. 483.), is 
remarkable for having but ł-seed, and the number of sta- 
mens unequal to the lobes of the corolla, and therefore occupies 
an intermediate station between the Rubidcee and Dipsacee. 
The tribe Stellate is distinguished from the rest of the order in 
the stipulas being as large as the leaves, and of the same form 
and consistence, having from 1-3 between each leaf on both sides, 
forming with them a kind of star or whorl, from which circum- 
stance the name stellate is applied. The leaves in this tribe can 
only be distinguished from the stipulas by the axillary buds. 
Powerful febrifugal or emetic qualities are the grand features 
of this order, the most efficient products of which in these two 
respects are Quinquina and Ipecacuanha. The febrifugal pro- 
perties depend upon the presence of a bitter tonic astringent 
