RUBIACEA. 
31 N. purru'rea (Roxb. cor. 1. p. 41. t. 54. fl. ind. 2. p- 
123.) sub-arboreous, glabrous; leaves petiolate, oval-oblong, 
acuminated, smooth ; stipulas oval, obtuse, large, deciduous ; 
peduncles terminal, solitary, or by threes, bracteate in the 
middle ; lobes of calyx 5, clavate. h. S. Native of the East 
Indies, in the moist valleys up amongst the Circar mountains. 
Cephalanthus Chinénsis, Lam. dict. 1. p. 678. exclusive of the 
syn. of Rumph. Branches decussate. Leaves shining. Heads 
of flowers large, purple. Capsules turbinate, dehiscing from 
the base. Seeds imbricate, winged. 
Purple-flowered Nauclea. Tree 20 feet. 
32 N. Roxsv’ren ; shrub glabrous ; leaves roundish, obtuse, 
cordate at the base, on long petioles; stipulas large, oblong, 
| Sane S. Native of the East Indies. N. stipulàcea, 
Roxburgh’s Nauclea. Shrub. 
33 N. pepuncura‘ris (Wall. cat. no. 6091.) arborescent, 
smooth; leaves ovate-elliptic, coriaceous, acuminated, smooth ; 
peduncles terminal by threes, not so long as the upper pair of 
leaves; heads of flowers globose. h. S. Native of Pulo 
Penang. N. purpùrea, Roxb. herb. Flowers purplish ? 
Peduncular Nauclea. Shrub. 
34 N. carycina (Bartl. in Hanke herb. ex D.C. prod. 4. 
p. 346.) glabrous ; leaves petiolate, oblong, attenuated at both 
ends ; stipulas deciduous; peduncles terminal, solitary, or by 
threes, bearing caducous bracteas under the apex ; lobes of 
calyx 5, clavate; style not exserted. h. S. Native of the 
Island of Luzon, one of the Philippines. Very nearly allied to 
N. purpirea, and is probably the same, but the calyx is pale, 
as ae, and the branches are tetragonally compressed, not 
ete. 
Large-calyxed Nauclea. Tree 15 to 20 feet. 
i 35 N. struta cea (D.C. prod. 4. p. 346.) arboreous ; leaves 
road-obovate, glabrous, downy on the nerves on the under 
uae as well as on the petioles and branchlets ; stipulas ovate, 
arge, leafy ; heads of flowers globose; corolla villous on the 
outside ; calyx quite entire, truncate; bracteoles or lobes of 
calyx 5, club-shaped. h.S. Native of Africa, on the banks 
of the Gambia near Albreda. N. macrophylla. Perr. et Leprieur. 
mss. but not of Roxb. nor Blum. The dehiscence of the cap- 
sule exhibits distinct earpella within the calycine tube, which 
is cleft lengthwise ; the segments cohering at the apex, and prop- 
ped by 5 claviform bracteoles on the outside. 
Stipulaceous Nauclea. Tree 20 to 40 feet? 
t Species not sufficiently known. 
hs N. MORINDÆFÒLIA (Blum. bijdr. p. 1011.) arboreous: 
s r oval, acute, rounded at the base, ribbed, glabrous, bear- 
B. S pressed glands in the axils of the ribs on the under sur- 
me stipulas spatulate, coloured, viscid, one half shorter than 
1€ petioles. h. S, Native of Java, on Mount Salak. Flowers 
unknown. 
Morinda-leaved Nauclea. Tree. 
a N. morts (Blum. bijdr. p. 1010.) leaves rather large, 
al, acute, rounded at the base, sometimes subcordate, gla- 
he above but rather villous beneath and on the branches ; 
te as oval, obtuse, rather villous beneath. h. S. Native of 
va, on Mount Salak. Flowers unknown. Allied to N. ma- 
crophylla, Roxb. 
fot Nauclea. Tree. 
es All the species of this genus are of the most easy 
ure. A mixture of loam, sand, and peat is the best soil for 
them - A Sates 3 
; ie > and cuttings root readily in the same kind of earth under 
and-glass, in heat. 
= UNCA'RIA (from uncus, a hook; the old or inferior 
Peduncles are converted into hooked axillary spines). Schreb. 
I. Naucrea. 
469 
gen. no. 311. Roxb, and Wall. in fl. ind. 2. p. 125. but not of 
Burch. D.C. prod. 4. p. 347.—Naúclea, sect. ii. Blum. bijdr. 
p. 1011.—Ourouparia, Aubl. guian, 1. p. 177. Agyléphora, 
Neck, elem. no, 254.—Naiticlea species, Lam. Willd. Juss. and 
Kunth. 
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. All as in Naúclea, but 
differs in the flowers being less crowded on the receptacle. 
Calyx tubularly urceolate, 5-clett. Capsules pedicellate, clavate, 
attenuated at the base.—Scandent shrubs, hanging to other 
trees by the old peduncles, which are hooked for the purpose. 
The greater portion are natives of India, but a few are natives 
of America. The old or lower peduncles are converted into 
compressed, hooked, axillary spines. Perhaps only a section of 
the genus Naúclea. 
1 U. Ga'mprr (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 126.) branches terete; 
leaves ovate-oblong, acute, on short petioles, smooth on both 
surfaces; stipulas ovate; peduncles axillary, solitary, opposite, 
bracteolate in the middle: the lower ones sterile, and converted 
into hooked spines. kh. J. S. Native of Pulo-Penang, Su- 
matra, Malacca, &c. Naticlea Gambir, Hunt. in Lin. trans. 9. 
p. 218. t. 22. Fleming in asiat. res. 11. p. 187. Smith, in 
Rees’ cycl. vol. 24. no. 7. Hayn. getr. gew. 10. t.3. U. jas- 
minifdlia, Wall. herb. Fùnis uncatus angustifOdlius, Rumph. 
amb. 5. p. 63. t. 34. f. 2. and 3. The upper peduncles bear 
each a solitary, globular head of beautiful green and pink 
flowers. Bracteas forming a 3 or 4-cleft annular, perianth-like 
cup, about the middle of each peduncle. Calyx silky on the 
outside. Corollas villous on the outside, and hairy in the center 
of the inside. Capsules pedicellate, clavate, grooved longitudi- ` 
nally. Seeds imbricate, winged. Gambier is the Malay name 
of an extract prepared from the leaves of this plant, and one of 
the drugs, if not the only one, formerly called Terra Japonica 
in Europe. For the following account of the tree we are in- 
debted to Dr. Charles Campbell of Bencoolen, who says, “ This 
material is called by the Malays gambier. It is chewed by the 
natives, mingled with betel-leaf and areca, after the manner in 
which the cutch is used on the continent of India. With some 
sweetness it has a more highly concentrated astringent principle 
than terra Japonica. I am solicitous that a trial should also be 
made of its power in tanning. In regard to the natural history 
of the gambier, it is procured from a climber. It is the Funis 
uncatus, or Daun gatta gambier of Rumph. amb. 5. t. 34. The 
variety from which it is chiefly made is that denominated by 
Rumphius the Fùnis uncdtus angustif dlius. The preparation is 
simple; the young shoot and leaves are shred, and bruised in 
water for some hours, until a feculum is deposited ; this, inspis- 
sated in the sun to the consistence of paste, is thrown into 
moulds of a circular form, and in this state the gambier is brought 
to market. Rumphius has fallen into error in asserting that 
ambier is not made from this plant ; for in my journey to Co- 
chin-china I had an opportunity of inspecting the whole process, 
having resided some days at a small village near the foot of the 
mountains, where the Sultan of Moco has established a colony 
for the purpose of carrying on the manufacture to a considerable 
extent. The price at which it can be procured from the northern 
parts of this coast I have ascertained to be nearly 10 dollars 
per hundred weight ; it can be supplied in any quantity desired, 
for the plant abounds in these districts, and the mode of elicit- 
ing the astringent matter is such as requires neither much atten- 
tion nor labour.” But Dr. Wallich has learned that in other 
parts to the eastward of the Bay of Bengal, the process is 
carried on by boiling the leaves and young shoots, evaporating 
the decoction by fire, and the heat of the sun. When suffi- 
ciently inspissated, it is spread out thin, and cut into little 
square cakes and dried. The same substance is mentioned by 
Marsden in his history of Sumatra at pp. 242 and 243, who 
II. Uncarra. 
