470 RUBIACEÆ. 
refers for a particular detail of the cultivation of the plant and 
manufacture of gambier to the 2d volume of the Transactions 
of the Batavian Society. Mr. Hunter (Lin. trans. 9. p. 220.) 
says, that in Prince of Wales’s Island the substance is pre- 
pared by boiling the leaves for an hour and a half, adding more 
water as the first wastes, till towards the end of the process, 
when it is inspissated to the consistence of thin syrup, and 
when taken off the fire and allowed to cool it becomes solid. 
It is then cut into little square pieces, which are dried in the 
sun, turning them frequently. The gambier, prepared accord- 
ing to this process, is of a brown colour; but prepared in the 
way described by Dr. Campbell above, it is perfectly white. In 
medicine it is found beneficial in anguinaand aphthe, as well as 
diarrhoea and dysentery. The drug is infused in water, to which 
it gives the colour of black tea. By the Malays it is mixed 
with lime, and applied externally to cuts, burns, boils, &e. The 
finest is alone selected to chew along with leaves of betel, 
in the same manner as cutch or kut, the catechu in other parts 
` of India. The brown being strong tasted and rank is exported to 
China and Batavia, to be used in dyeing and tanning. 
For the cultivation of the shrub a rich soil is preferred. It 
gives the most luxuriant crop when the rains are frequent, but 
does not thrive in grounds that are apt to be flooded. On this 
account the side of a hill is esteemed better than any other 
situation, The plants are propagated from seed ; and when they 
are about 9 inches high they may be finally removed to the field, 
and planted at distances of 8 or 9 feet. At the end of one year 
from the time when they are planted in the field, a small crop 
of leaves is obtained. A larger is got in eighteen months, 
and the third at the end of two years, when the plants are at 
their full growth. They continue in their prime, and admit of 
being cut twice a-year, for the space of 20 or 30 years, pro- 
vided care be taken to keep the ground clean, and the roots 
free from weeds. Their tops must be cut to prevent them 
growing to a greater height than 5 or 6 feet. It is said that 
the young leaves produce the whitest substance. In Prince 
of Wales’s Island, gambier, if good, is sold for 84 dollars per 
pecul, while in the same island sago is sold for 3 dollars per 
pecul; hence the manufacturer is tempted to adulterate the 
gambier with this article, which mixes intimately, but may be 
easily detected by solution with water. 
Gambier. Clt. 1825. Shrub cl. 
2 U. a’cipa (Roxb. fi. ind. 2. p. 129.) branches tetragonal, 
smooth ; leaves ovate, acuminated, smooth on both surfaces ; 
stipulas acuminated, twin on both sides; peduncles axillary, 
solitary, bearing each a single head of flowers, bracteolate in 
the middle, but after flowering becoming recurved and spines- 
cent. k. VU. S. Native of the Island of Pulo-Penang, at 
Soongey Clooan, ex Hunter; of Java, ex Blum. bijdr. 1011. ; 
also of the Moluccas, ex Rumph. Naticlea ácida, Hunter, in 
Lin. trans. 9. p. 223. Fanis uncatus latif òlius, Rumph. amb. 5. 
p. 63. t. 34. f. 1. Naúclea longiflora, Poir. suppl. p. 63.— 
Cinchòna Kattu-Kambar, Keen. in Retz. obs. 4. p. 6. to which it 
is nearly allied. The leaves have an acid taste. 
Acid Uncaria. Shrub cl. 
3 U. screropny’r1a (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 130.) branches te- 
tragonal, pubescent ; leaves elliptic, short-pointed, stiff, rugged 
beneath ; stipulas lateral, lunate, 2-lobed ; peduncles axillary, 
solitary, simple, jointed, bracteolate above the middle, bearing 
each one head of flowers, after flowering becoming recurved 
and spinescent. kh. J.S. Native of Pulo-Penang, on the top 
of the mountain called Soongey Clooan. Naticlea sclerophylla, 
Hunter, in Lin. trans. 9. p. 223. Leaves pubescent beneath. 
Bracteas 6 ina whorl, at the joint of the peduncle. Calyx pu- 
bescent outside. Corolla villous on the outside. Flowers on 
long pedicels. 
If. Uncaria. 
Hard-leaved Uncaria. Shrub cl. 
4 U. ovariro'Lia (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 128.) leaves oval, pe- 
tiolate, acute, smooth on both surfaces; peduncles axillary and 
terminal, compound ; receptacle of flowers as well as the cap- 
sules villous. h. J. S. Native of Pulo-Penang. Leaves 
sometimes obovate, from 3-6 inches long. Peduncles bearing 
from 1-3 heads of flowers, on pedicels which are as long as 
the common peduncle, and furnished with a sheathing 4-6-cleft 
bractea in the middle of each. Petioles short, recurved, chan- 
nelled. 
Oval-leaved Uncaria. Shrub cl. 
5 U. pitésa (Roxb. et Wall. in fl. ind. 2. p. 130.) branches 
villous, obscurely tetragonal; leaves oval, acuminated, some- 
times subcordate, hairy on both surfaces, on very short petioles ; 
stipulas bipartite or twin: segments lanceolate, acute, longer 
than the petioles ; peduncles axillary, opposite, villous, divari- 
cate, at length recurved and spinescent. h. S. Native of 
Nipaul, in the valley in the forest of Sankoo, and at Bheempedi ; 
and of Chittagong and Java. Wall. pl. rar. asiat. 2. p. 55. 
t. 170. Naticlea scéndens, Smith, in Reess cycl. vol. 24. 
no. 9. Naúclea pildsa, Blum. bijdr. p. 1013.2? Branches 
clothed with rusty hairs; young shoots silky. Leaves from 
5-7 inches long. ‘Peduncles jointed, and bear a whorl of about 
6 small linear-lanceolate bracteas, which are hairy without and 
smooth within. Flowers hairy, whitish, forming round dense 
heads of 2 inches in diameter. In the Java plant there are 4-6 
ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, pilose, rather membranous ee 
teas in a whorl at the top of each peduncle, under the head o 
flowers. Perhaps distinct from the plant of Roxburgh. 
Pilose Uncaria. Shrub el. 
6 U. randsa (Wall. in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 131.) every part 
of the plant is clothed with long rust-coloured hairs ; leaves 
ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, smooth above, on short petioles ; 
stipulas twin, on both sides, ovate, membranous, recurved ; pe 
duncles axillary, opposite, short, at length converted into spinose 
hooks; corollas almost smooth ; capsules on long pedicels. ee . 
US. Native of Pulo-Penang and Sumatra, and other | He 
Indian islands. Naticlea landsa, Poir suppl. 4. p. 54. Ree ea 
setigera, Blum. bijdr. 1013.. Branches rather quadrangu ei 
Leaves 3-4 inches long. Stipulas hairy without, e 
Peduncles about an inch long, surrounded by a whorl of Oe 
ceolate bracteas. Capsules smooth, ash-coloured. In oe re 
plant, the branches are almost smooth, hardly hispid; aes at 
upper surfaces of the leaves are glabrous, or scarcely hispid, Ja 
villous beneath from long adpressed hairs; fruit pas P d 
brous, shorter than the pedicels ; lobes of calyx oblong, cated. 
Woolly Uncaria. Shrub cl. da 
7 U. Lævieara (Wall. cat. no. 6111.) branches EFE 
gular, smooth ; leaves ovate-elliptic, acuminated, smooth ee 
duncles axillary, solitary, opposite, divaricate, bracteolate ab : 
the middle, some of which are converted into hooked uel 
k. S. Native of the Burman empire at Amherst. *T 
sessile. 
Smooth Uncaria. Shrub cl. : 132.) 
8 U. macropny'tra (Wall. in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. Ee ae 
branches tetragonal, pubescent, with 2 opposite furrows ; ee 
petiolate, broad-ovate, acuminated, smooth and corals a ae 
villous beneath, coarsely nerved and reticulated ; „stipulas T 
cous ; heads of flowers axillary, solitary, opposite, tomen rate 
k.u. S. Native of the East Indies, from Silhet. Leaves ce 
6-7 inches long. Peduncles opposite, axillary, and ES e 
inches long, covered with rusty hairs, about 5 lines; pare oe 
apex they are jointed and surrounded by a ring of Ae sh nits 
late, spreading, villous bracteas. Flowers covere w 
coloured dense pubescence. 
Long-leaved Uncaria, Shrub cl. 
