A474 
in 1638 by this remedy). Lamb. cinch. D. Don, in Lin. trans. 
vol. 17. D.C. 1806. bibl. univ. 1829. scienc. 2. p. 144. Humb. 
et Bonpl. pl. equin. 2. t. 10. Roem. et Schultes, syst. no. 861. 
—Cinchona, sect. 1. Pers. ench. 1. p. 196.—Cinchona species, 
Lin. Gertn. Lam. Vahl. Juss—Kinkina, Adans. fam. 2. p. 147. 
Lin. syst. Penténdria, Monoginia. Calyx 5-toothed (f. 86. a.). 
Corolla tubular: with a 5-lobed limb (f. 86. b.), which is valvate in 
zestivation. Anthers linear, semi-exserted (f. 86. c.). Stigma 
2-lobed (f. 86. d.). Capsule 2-celled, dehiscing at the dissepi- 
ment (f. 86. g.), many seeded. Seeds samaroid, girded by a 
membranous lacerated margin (f. 86. h.).—Trees, natives of 
South America, from which the various kinds of Peruvian bark 
are obtained. Leaves on short petioles, with flat margins. Sti- 
pulas ovate or oblong, foliaceous, free, deciduous. Inflorescence 
panicled. Flowers white or reddish. For the properties of 
Cinchdna see La Condamine in act. acad. sc. par. 1738. Vahl. in 
act. soc. hist. nat. hafn. vol. 1. Lamb. cinch. in 4to. Lond. 1797. 
Rhod. mon. cinch. Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. vol. 2. et 3. Ruiz, 
quin. in 4to. Madr. 1792. et def. quin. 1802. Humb. diss. in 
magaz. fr. nat. berl. 1807. Humb. et Bonpl. pl. equin. vol. 1. 
Alibert, trait. fievr. pern. 8vo. 1799. ed. 2. 1800. ed. 3. 1801. 
Fee, hist. nat. pharm. 2. p. 240. 
§ 1. Capsule dehiscing at the base.-—Normal species. 
FIG. 86. 3 
1 C. rancroLa'ra (Ruiz et 
ave tice Perr 9e pe Le: t223: 
leaves oval - lanceolate, acute, 
naked on both surfaces, as well 
as the branches, shining ; pani- 
cle brachiate, much branched, 
smooth; calycine teeth ovate, 
acuminated ; segments of corolla 
linear-lanceolate ; stigma emar- 
ginate; capsule ovate, ribbed. 
h. S. Native of Peru, in the 
mountains of Loxa, and other 
cold mountainous regions; as 
well as of New Granada, be- 
tween Guaduas and Santa Fe de 
Bogota, where it was collected 
by Mutis. C, lancifolia, Mutis, 
period. de Santa Fé, p. 465. Humb. in mag. der. gisell. nat. fr. 
berl. 1807. p. 116. Alib. tract. des fievers, p. 374. C. nítida, 
Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 50. t. 191. C. angustifòlia, Ruiz et 
Pav. quin, suppl. p. 14. with a figure. C. glabra, Ruiz, quin. 2. 
p. 64. C. Cucumæfòlia, Pavon, mss. Quinquina orange, Mutis, 
quin. Cascarílla officinal. Ruiz, quin. p. 56. Cascarílla Lam- 
pino, Ruiz, quin. 2. p. 64. Cinchòna Condaminea, Humb. et 
Bonpl. pl. equin. 1. p. 33. t.10. Humb. in mag. der. gesell. 
nat. fr. berl. 1807. p. 112. nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 400. C; offi- 
cinàlis, Lin. syst. veg. ed. 10. p. 929. Condamine in mem. 
de l'Academie de Paris, 1738. p. 114. Lam. ill. t. 164. f. 1. 
Vabl. skrivt. af. natur. selfkab 1. t. 1. Lamb. mon. t.1. 
C. stùpea, Pav, mss. Cascarilla fina de Uritusinga of the Spa- 
niards. This species varies extremely in the form of the leaves. 
The celebrated Mutis has, with great propriety, considered his 
C. lancifòlia the quina Naranganda or Quinquina orange of 
Santa Fé, as identical with the Quina fina de Uritucinga of 
Humb. et Bonpl. C. Condaminea. Although it is probable that 
several species of this important genus afford the Peruvian bark 
of the shops, of these three only are admitted into our national 
pharmacopæias, to which the names of C, lancifòlia, C. oblongi- 
folia, and C. cordifolia have been applied, designating respec- 
tively the pale, the red, and the yellow bark. The present 
species was first described and figured by the astronomer Con- 
1 
RUBIACEZ. 
X. CINCHONA. 
damine in 1738, in the mem. de l’Acadamie. It is described 
by Humboldt as a handsome tree of from 30 to 40 feet in height, 
and exuding whenever it is wounded a yellow astringent juice. 
The stipulas are acute and silky. The flowers are of a very pale 
rose-colour, supported on pedicels, which are powdered and 
silky, as well as the calyx. The tube of the corolla is silky, 
and the border white and woolly above. This is the pale bark 
of the shops. 
Lanceolate-leaved Cinchona or Pale Peruvian-bark. Tree 
30 to 40 feet. 
2 C. corniròLIa (Mutis, mss. Humb. in mag. &c. p. 117. 
nov. gen, amer. 3. p. 401.) leaves roundish-ovate, cordate at 
the base or attenuated, rather pilose beneath and on the branch- 
lets, naked and shining above; panicle brachiate, diffuse, pubes- 
cent; teeth of calyx roundish-mucronulate ; corolla silky on the 
outside: limb bearded ; stigma 2-lobed ; capsule oblong-ovate, 
cylindrical, ribless. h.S. Native of Peru, on the mountains 
of Loxa, in the kingdom of Quito; and of New Granada. 
Rhode, mon. p. 58. Steph. and Church. med. bot. 3. t. 175. 
Quina amarilla. Genitals inclosed. Flowers pale red. This 
species is totally distinct from Cinchéna purpirea, hirsuta, and 
ovata of Fl. peruv., which Humboldt and Bonpl. in their before- 
mentioned work have given as synonymes of Mutis’s plant. It 
differs from C. ovata, Ruiz et Pav. the C. pubéscens of Vahl, 
with which it has the greatest affinity in the shorter petioles, by 
the broader round teeth of the calyx, by the filaments being 
twice longer, and, lastly, by its capsules being smooth, and with- 
out ribs. The bark of this tree is known to the natives by the 
name of Quina amarilla, Cascarilla de Loxa, and Cascarilla 
amarilla, and is the yellow or orange bark of the shops. It is 
described as a middle-sized tree, with a trunk of moderate thick- 
ness, and covered with smooth brownish bark; the younger 
branches are quadrangular. All the species of Cinchona va 
very much in the shape and smoothness of their leaves, a 
ing to the altitude in which they grow, to the severity or mte- 
ness of the climate, to the trees standing single, or being closely 
surrounded by other plants, to the luxuriance of growth, and 
the greater and less humidity of the soil. Cordate leaves occur 
but seldom in the present species; however, almost every 
branch exhibits some of them. di 
Cinchona bark appears to have been long known as a medi- 
cine in Peru; but we have not a satisfactory account at "a 
period, nor by what means, the febrifugal virtues of this valuable 
remedy were first discovered. Some say a patient had we 
cured of an intermittent fever by having drank the water of a 
lake, which had acquired a bitter taste from Cinchona ae 
which had lain in it; othersthat a lion had cured hae o 
the ague by instinctively chewing Cinchona bark, and hal 
directed the attention of the Indians to this tree. “ That ani- 
mals,” observes Humboldt in his Dissertation on the Cinchona 
forests of South America, “ have taught men is a very one 
form of the traditions of nations. The valuable antidote eee 
del Guaco, a plant described by Mutis, which is probab A 
species of Mikània, and has been erroneously confounded wit 
Ayapana of Brasil, is also said to have attracted the noka 
of the Indians, as is affirmed of the Falco serpentarius, by the 
Falco Guaco of New Granada fighting with serpents. tor) 
ever, that the great American lion without mane (Felis conco as 
should be subject to the ague is just as bold an bpne 
the assertion of the inhabitants of the pestilential valley, ral 
Bamba, near the town of Quito, that even the vultures (Vi a 
atra) in their neighbourhood were subject to that disorder. ae 
deed in the regions of the Cinchdna forests there 1s not a pes 
cóncolor, so fond of warmth, to be found; but at the mot 
cat Puma, not yet properly dé&cribed, and which we have rie 
with in heights of 2,500 toises. The story sO often cop 
