496 
Cult. For culture and propagation see Gardénia, p. 499. 
XXXVI. GARDENIA (so named after Alexander Garden, 
M.D. of Charlestown, Carolina, one of the correspondents of 
Ellis and Linnezus). Ellis, in Lin. gen. no. 296. Gertn. fruct. t. 
23.177. 193. and 194. Blum. bijdr. p. 1014. Roxb. fl. ind. 2. 
p. 549. D.C. prod. 4. p. 379.—Gardénia and Rothmannia, 
Thunb.—Gardénia and Piringa, Juss.—Gardénia and Sahlbérgia, 
Neck. 
Lin. syst. Penténdria, Monogynia Calyx with an ovate, 
usually ribbed tube, and a tubular truncate, toothed (f. 93. a.), 
cleft, or parted limb. Corolla funnel-shaped (f. 93. b.), or salver- 
shaped, having the tube much longer than the calyx, and the 
limb twisted in æstivation (f. 93. e.), but afterwards spreading, 
from 5-9-parted. Anthers 5-9, linear, almost sessile in the 
throat of the corolla or exserted (f. 93. c.). Stigma clavate, 
bifid or bidentate: lobes thick, erect. Ovarium 1-celled, half 
divided by 2-5 incomplete dissepiments. Berry fleshy, crowned 
by the calyx, chartaceous or nucleate inside, incompletely 2-5- 
celled. Seeds minute, immersed in the fleshy parietal placentas. 
Embryo albuminous.—Unarmed or spinescent trees or shrubs. 
Leaves opposite, and sometimes, though rarely, in whorls, oval 
or ovate. Flowers axillary or terminal, usually solitary, white, 
and generally sweet-scented. The fruit of the greater number of 
the species not being sufficiently known, they cannot be divided 
into proper sections. 
§ 1. Shrubs without prickles. 
bed. Tube of corolla cylindrical. 
1 G. Fro’Rrma (Lin. spec. p. 305.) shrubby, unarmed, erect ; 
leaves elliptic, acute at both ends; flowers solitary, almost ter- 
minal, sessile, salver-shaped; calycine segments vertical, lan- 
ceolate-subulate, equalling the tube of the corolla in length; 
berry elongated, turbinate, ribbed. h.G. Native of China, 
and cultivated in Japan, East Indies, the Cape of Good Hope, 
&e. Ker, bot. reg. t.449. G. jasminoides, Sol. phil. trans. 52. 
t. 20.—Pluk. amalth. t. 448, f. 4. Jasminum Capénse, Mill. 
dict. no, 7. fig. t. 180. Ehret. pict. t. 15. Flowers white, sweet- 
scented, 5-9-parted. Berry 5-6-angled, 5-6-celled at the base, 
and 1-celled at the apex, orange coloured, size of a pigeon’s 
egg, and the pulp is used for dyeing yellow in China and Japan. 
Var. B, flore pléno; flowers double white, when fully blown 
about the size of the middling rose. h.G. This variety is 
very frequent in gardens. G. jasminoides, Ellis in phil. trans. 
vol. 51. t. 23. Jasminum Capénse, Mill. fig. t. 180.—Rumph. 
amb. 7. t. 14. f. 2. 
Flowering Gardenia or Cape Jasmine. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 
1754. Shrub 2 to 6 feet. 
2 G. ravicans (Thunb. diss. gard. no. 1. t. 1. f. 1.) shrubby, 
unarmed; stems radicant; leaves lanceolate; flowers solitary, 
almost terminal, and nearly sessile, salver-shaped ; segments of 
the calyx vertical, linear-subulate, equal in length to the tube of 
the corolla. .G. Native of Japan, and cultivated in the 
East Indies, and at the Cape of Good Hope. Thunb. fl. jap. 
t. 20. Ker, bot. reg. t. 73. Andr. bot. rep. t. 491. Flowers 
white, very fragrant. 
Rooting Gardenia or Cape Jasmine. Fl. March, June. Clt. 
1804. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 
3 G. ancusriro'r1a (Lodd. bot. cab. 512.) very like G. florida, 
from which it chiefly differs in being smaller, with narrower 
leaves. k. S. Native country unknown. Flowers white, 
sweet-scented. 
Narrow-leaved Gardenia. Fl. July. Clt. 1823. Shrub 3 ft. 
4 G. romentrésa (Blum. mss. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 379.) un- 
armed ; branchlets, leaves, and calyxes clothed with velvety to- 
mentum ; leaves obovate-cuneated; flowers terminal, sessile, 
Tube of calyx or ovarium rib- 
RUBIACEA. XXXVI. GARDENIA. 
solitary; tube of calyx angularly ribbed: calycine teeth 10, 
subulate, short. h.S. Native of the island of Java. Lobes 
of corolla 10, obovate-oblong; tube hardly longer than the 
calyx. Flowers white, sweet-scented. Fruit unknown. 
Tomentose Gardenia. Shrub. 
5 G. carycuna‘ra (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p..550.) arboreous, un- 
armed ; leaves ovate, petiolate, acuminated, smooth ; flowers ter- 
minal, solitary, sessile, involucrated ; calycine segments ensi- 
form; anthers inclosed within the tube of the corolla. h. S. 
Native of the East Indies. Flowers large, white, fragrant, 
5-parted. 
Calyculate Gardenia. Tree. 
6 G. costa‘ta (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 550.) arboreous, unarmed; 
leaves cuneiform-oblong, smooth, ribbed ; flowers terminal, sal- 
ver-shaped ; calycine segments resiniferous, caducous ; berry 
drupaceous, oval, 5-ribbed, 1-celled, containing a 2-valved 
shell; placentas 2, opposite. h.S. Native of the mountainous 
parts of India; from those of Chittagong it has been introduced 
to the botanic garden of Calcutta. G. coronaria, Hamilt. in 
Symes. emb. to Ava, p. 474. with a figure. Flowers large, 
white, sweet-scented, the tube being above 3 inches long, and 
the border above 4 in diameter; limb 5-parted. Berry yellow, 
containing a soft and rather fetid pulp. 
Ribbed-fruited Gardenia. Tree 20 feet. 
7 G. cartna'ra (Wall. in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 560.) arbore- 
ous, unarmed, resinous on the younger parts; leaves elliptic- 
obovate, ribbed, villous beneath; flowers terminal, solitary ; 
limb of calyx truncate, broad, obscurely 5-lobed, and 5-keeled ; 
tube of corolla very long: limb 6-8-lobed. R. S. Native of 
Penang, where it grows on the hills. Flowers smaller than those 
of G. costata, at first snow white, but afterwards yellow, becom- 
ing when dry ofa beautiful orange colour. Fruit precisely as m 
G. costata. 
Keeled-calyxed Gardenia. Tree. d: 
8 G. GRANDIFLÒRA (Lour. coch. p. 147.) arboreous, unarme 1 
leaves lanceolate, shining ; flowers solitary, lateral, and pale 
hexamerous; segments of the calyx reflexedly-faleate; coro a 
salver-shaped, 6-parted; berry oblong, acute at both ends. h- 
G. Native of Cochinchina, on the banks of rivers. Blum. 
bijdr. p. 1013. Flowers large, white, sweet-scented. ee 
hexagonal, 1-celled, glabrous, yellow. Seeds nestling in re 
pulp. Anthers 6, rarely 5-7. 
Great-flowered Gardenia. Tree middle-sized. 
9 G. Tarre'nsts (D. C. prod. 4. p. 380.) unarmed, gabio 
resinous at the tops of the branches ; leaves obovate, almot 
sessile; stipulas broad, connate, permanent, short-acuminated ; 
flowers solitary, in the axils of the upper leaves, peie 
tube of calyx angular : limb 3-4-parted, with vertical-ob ig 
foliaceous lobes ; corolla with a long terete tube, and a ő- it 
parted limb. h.G. Native of the island of Tahiti, where E 
was collected by D’Urville. Lobes of calyx fewer by ae 
than the lobes of the corolla. Stigma bifid, the lobes long, an 
acute. Fruit unknown. 
Tahiti Gardenia. Shrub. å; 
10 G. Marvga (Siebold, in Blum. bijdr. p. 1013.) unarme® > 
leaves opposite, or 3 in a whorl, obovate, coriaceous, glabrous: 
calyx angular, 5-cleft: segments subulate, spreading. k. 
Native of Japan. The rest unknown. 
Maruba Gardenia. Tree. ae 
11 G. surca`ra (Gærtn. fil. carp. 3. p. 79. t. 194.) bE va 
ovate or elliptic, attenuated at the base, angular from O oor 
furrows, 1-celled ; seeds imbedded in the pulp. R- G. Nat! 
country unknown. Perhaps allied to G. florida. 
Furrowed-fruited Gardenia. Shrub. 
ia ot 
§ 2. Unarmed shrubs or trees. Tube of calyx or ovarium n 
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