RUBIACEÆ. CXLII. Canrurum. 
humid places; and of Gambia, near Albreda, where it was col- 
lected by Leprieur and Perrottet. Flowers smaller than in any 
other species of the genus. Stigma ovate. Fruit almost like 
that of the following. 
Subcordate-leaved Canthium. Tree. 
3 C. pr’pymum (Geertn. fil. carp. 3. p. 94. t. 196. exclusive 
of the syn. of Rheed.) shrubby, unarmed, glabrous, and smooth ; 
leaves on short petioles, obtuse, and oval, glandular in the axils 
of the veins beneath ; cymes axillary, on short peduncles; fruit 
didymous. h. S. Native of Coromandel, on the mountains. 
Didymous-fruited Canthium. Shrub. 
4 C. Moxucca'num (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 172.) shrubby, un- 
armed ; leaves oblong ; tube of corolla gibbous, length of style ; 
stigma turbinate. h. S. Native of the Moluccas. The rest 
unknown. 
Molucca Canthium. Shrub. 
5 C. rascicura`rum (Blum. bijdr. p. 967.) arboreous, un- 
armed ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, glabrous; flowers in axillary 
fascicles. h. S. Native of the west of Java, in mountain 
woods, Said to be allied to C. didymum. 
Fascicled-flowered Canthium. Tree. 
6 C. era`srum (Blum. bijdr. p. 967.) arboreous, unarmed ; 
leaves ovate, or elliptic-oblong, obtuse, acutish at the base, 
glabrous ; cymes axillary, branched, many-flowered. h. S. 
Native of Java, in woods on the mountains. 
Var. B, pubérulum (Blum. 1. c.) leaves roughish above and 
puberulous beneath. h. S. Native of Java, at the foot of 
Mount Salak. 
Glabrous Canthium. Tree. 
7 C. mire (Bartl. in herb. Hænke, ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 474.) 
rales glabrous ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acuminated, glan- 
fond in the axils of the veins beneath; cymes axillary, loose, 
A shorter than the leaves. h. S. Native of the Island 
hi uzon, one of the Philippines. Stipulas acuminated. Cymes 
eae with diverging branches, and many-flowered branch- 
ets. Calyx with 5 short, acute teeth. 
Mild Canthium. Shrub. 
pe £ Lu‘cipum (Hook. et Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. p. 65.) 
iam es unarmed ; leaves on short petioles, elliptic, obtuse, 
on a little at the base, coriaceous, shining above, pale 
aeons 3 cymes pedunculate, axillary, nearly globose. k. S. 
pW. ‘ad of the Society Islands. Calyx 4-5-toothed. Corolla 
ns 3 lobed. Stamens 4-5. Closely allied to C. glabrum and 
+ nitens, 
Lucid-leaved Canthium. Shrub. 
* . 
* Unarmed shrubs, with tetrandrous flowers. 
ec nitens (D. C. prod. 4. p. 474.) unarmed, glabrous ; 
=i s petiolate, broad-ovate, bluntish, shining and glossy above ; 
the mes “ya pound, axillary, many~flowered, a little longer than 
aha es. h.S. Native of the East Indies, where it was 
ra S ed by Leschenault. Petioles 8 lines long. Stipulas tri- 
n sit p deciduous. _ Peduncles disposed in dense panicles. 
iad corolla a little longer than the lobes, which are oval 
pef tuse. Stigma thick, ovate, much exserted. 
inıng-leaved Canthium. Shrub. 
*+ F ` 
* Spinose shrubs, with tetrandrous flowers. 
bes PARVIFLORUM (Lam. dict. 1. p. 602.) shrubby ; branch- 
PRE abrous ; spines opposite, horizontal, supra-axillary ; leaves 
in fag on short petioles, smooth, longer than the spines, usually 
aega racemes rising beneath the spines at the axils ; 
— nearly globose. h. S. Native of Coromandel, fre- 
FS nt. Roxb. cor. 1. p. 39. t. 51. fl. ind. 2. p. 170. Geertn. 
P len 2. p. 196. f. 3.2 Webéra tetrandra, Willd. spec. 1. 
* 1224. Kanden-kara, Rheed. mal. 5. p. 71. t. 36. When 
563 
the plant is in luxuriance, the spines are sometimes threefold. 
Flowers small, yellow. Berries yellow, obcordate, compressed 
laterally, size of a cherry. The bush makes excellent fences. 
The leaves are universally eaten in curries ; on this account the 
plant has the name of Balusoo-kura, which latter word means 
esculent. 
Small-flowered Canthium. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 
11 C. nEBE'cLADUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 474.) shrubby ; 
branchlets velvety ; spines opposite, rising from an acute angle ; 
leaves obovate, glabrous, hardly longer than the spines ; pedicels 
numerous, l-flowered, axillary. kh. S. Native of the Island 
of Luzon, one of the Philippines. C. parviflorum, Bartl. in 
herb. Hænke. but not of Lam. 
Downy-branched Canthium. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 
##*# Spinose shrubs, with pentandrous flowers. 
12 C. Munprta'num (Cham. et Schlecht. in Linnea. 4. p. 
131.) a small erect shrub: with opposite spinescent branches ; 
leaves ovate-oblong, of the same colour on both surfaces, mem- 
branous ; petioles downy inside ; cymes axillary, pedunculate. 
h. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, at Plittenberg’s Bay. 
Habit of Plectrdnia ventisa, but the cymes are on longer 
peduncles; the flowers are smaller, and the stipulas are glabrous 
inside, not leaving a margin of white wool on falling, as in that 
lant. 
: Var. B, pubéscens (D. C. prod. 4. p. 474.) leaves downy on 
both surfaces. k.G. Growing along with the species. 
Mundt’s Canthium. Shrub 4 to 5 feet. 
13 C. nérripium (Blum. bijdr. p. 966.) shrubby, erect ; 
spines spreading, straight; leaves small, almost sessile, ovate- 
oblong, acutish, downy on both surfaces, as well as the branches 
and stipulas; flowers twin or tern, axillary, on very short pe- 
duncles. h.S. Native of Java, among bushes about Buiten- 
zorg. Branches spreading, opposite. 
Horrid Canthium. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 
14 C. parvirdtium (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 170.) shrub thorny 
and hairy ; leaves oval, hairy beneath ; flowers axillary, crowded; 
tube of corolla globose. h. S. Native of the East Indies. 
The inside of the tube of the corolla is surrounded by a circle 
of straight white bristles of its own length, inserted round its 
mouth, and pointing to its bottom. The figure in Pluk. alm 
27. t. 133. f. 3. so often referred to as this plant, has nothing 
to do with it; consequently it is neither Manétia diacantha, 
Willd. spec. 1. p. 670., nor Azima diacantha, Lam. dict. 1 
p- 343. 
Small-leaved Canthium. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 
15 C. ancustirotium (Roxb. fi. ind, 2. p. 169.) shrub 
thorny; leaves lanceolate, glabrous, and shining, on short pe- 
tioles ; flowers numerous, axillary, on short pedicels; berries 
roundish, retuse. h. S. Native of the East Indies, on hills, 
in the vicinity of Chittagong, Silhet, and the whole eastern 
frontier of Bengal. Branches glabrous. Flowers small, green- 
ish-yellow. Corolla with a short gibbous tube, and 5 lanceolate 
segments. Drupe roundish, when ripe yellow. 
Narrow-leaved Canthium, Shrub. 
16 C. Ruer`oi (D.C. prod. 4. p. 474.) shrub thorny; leaves 
oval-lanceolate, acuminated, on very short petioles, shining ; 
flowers numerous, axillary, on short pedicels ; berries roundish- 
ovate, compressed. h. S. Native of Malabar, where the 
Brachmans called it Canti, hence the generic name. Tsjeron- 
kara, Rheed. mal. 5. p. 73. t. 37. Root reddish, bitter. Flowers 
small, greenish. Berries green. It differs from C. parviflorum 
in the flowers being 5-cleft and pentandrous. 
Rheede’s Canthium. Shrub. 
17 C. vepuncura're (Cav. icon. 5. p. 21. t. 436.) shrub 
thorny; leaves ovate, acute, almost sessile, downy; peduncles 
4c 2 
