642 
mountains. Laxmannia fasciculata, S. G. Gmel. Said to be 
nearly allied to C. molluginoides. 
Long-styled Crosswort. Pl. procumbent. 
12 C. puse’scens (Willd. spec. 1. p. 602.) plant erect; leaves 
6 in a whorl, linear, downy; heads of flowers pedunculate, axil- 
lary, and terminal ; corollas pentamerous. ©. H. Native of 
Candia. Rubéola Crética incana floribus purpurascentibus, 
Tourn. cor. 5. Stem downy. Corollas purplish, downy. 
Downy Crosswort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1799. Pl. 1 foot. 
§ 3. Flowers in fascicles ; fascicles opposite, on short pedun- 
cles: the whole forming an interrupted raceme. 
13 C. motziueinoipes (Bieb. cent. 2. t. 65. ex fl. taur. 1. p. 
106. suppl. 110.) erect; leaves 8-12 ina whorl; linear-lanceo- 
late, with revolute, scabrous edges, and a villous keel; fascicles 
of flowers opposite, disposed in an interrupted spike ; bracteas 
ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, villous, much shorter than the 
flowers; fruit glabrous, smoothish; corollas pentamerous. XY. 
H. Native of Caucasus, in subalpine places, Armenia, and 
Hungary. C. anómala, Balb. herb. taur. Aspérula tubifléra, 
Hortul.—Buxb. cent. 2. t. 30. f. 1. Corollas greenish yellow. 
Stamens 5. Mericarps nearly globose. Angles of the stem 
scabrous. 
Mollugo-like Crosswort. 
foot. 
14 C. a’spzra (Bieb. fi. taur. 1. p. 107.) plant procumbent or 
ascending; leaves usually 6 in a whorl, linear, bluntish, with 
revolute edges, and are, as well as the stem, scabrous ; fascicles 
of flowers opposite, pedunculate, disposed in interrupted spikes ; 
bracteas ovate, acute, ciliated, much shorter than the flowers; 
flowers pentamerous; fruit glabrous. %. H. Native of Iberia, 
about Tiflis. C. prostrata, Adams. in Web. et Mohr. cat. 1. p. 
46. Flowers greenish yellow. 
Rough Crosswort. Pl. procumbent. 
15 C. cromera'ra (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 107.) stems ascend- 
ing . sterile ones hairy, and floriferous ones smoothish ; leaves 6 
in a whorl, linear, with revolute margins, scabrous, rather glau- 
cous; heads of flowers opposite, pedunculate, disposed in an 
interrupted raceme ; bracteas ovate, acute, ciliated, much shorter 
than the flowers; flowers pentamerous. 2%. H. Native of 
Iberia and Caucasus, on stony hills. Rubéola orientalis foliis 
Galii, flore multiplici, Tourn. cor. 5. Flowers greenish yellow. 
Glomerate-flowered Crosswort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. 
Pl. $ foot. 
fi + Plants referred to the genus which ought to be excluded 
rom it. 
16 C.? America'na (Mill. dict. no. 5.) stem erect, villous ; 
leaves opposite, linear-lanceolate, hairy ; flowers solitary, axil- 
Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1800. Pl. 1 
lary. k. S. Native of Vera Cruz. Flowers pale blue. Fruit 
didymous. Probably a species of Spermacéce. 
American Crosswort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1780. Shrub 3 
feet. 
17 C.? nispma (Mill. dict. no. 4.) stem hispid; leaves oppo- 
site, lanceolate, hairy; flowers umbellate, terminal. h.S. Na- 
tive of Vera Cruz. Stems quadrangular, rough, prickly. 
Flowers blue, tetramerous. Fruit didymous. 
Hispid Crosswort. Shrub 2 feet. 
Cult. The seeds of annual species should be sown in the 
open ground where the plants are intended to remain. The 
perennial, herbaceous, and shrubby species being rather tender, 
should be grown in pots, in a mixture of peat, sand, and a little 
loam ; and they will be easily increased by. dividing at the root, 
or by cuttings. 
CCXV. RUBIA (from ruber, red; in allusion to the red 
colour of the roots), Tourn. inst. 113, t. 38. Lin. gen. no. 127. 
RUBIACEZ. CCXIV. CRUCIANELLA. 
CCXV. RUBIA: 
Lam. ill. t. 60. Geertn. fil. carp. 3. p. 85. t. 195. D. C. prod, 
4. p. 588. 
Lin. syst. Pentándria, Digynia. Calyx with an ovate-glo- 
bose tube, and a 4-toothed limb. Corolla 4-5-parted, rotate. 
Stamens 4, short. Styles 2,short. Fruit didymous, nearly glo- 
bose, baccate, juicy.—Herbs or sub-shrubs. Stems diffuse, 
much branched, tetragonal. Leaves opposite, usually furnished 
with 1-2, rarely with 3-4 stipulas on both sides, which are very 
like the leaves, constituting 4-10-leaved whorles. Flowers small, 
greenish white, or pale yellow. Berries black, rarely red or 
white. 
§ 1. Exinvolucrata (the flowers of the plants contained in 
this section are without involucra). D. C. prod. 4. p. 588. 
Peduncles axillary, dichotomous or trichotomous ; bracteas want- 
ing, or very small, and opposite, but never constituting an involu- 
crum. Flowers usually pentamerous.— Species all natives of the 
old world. 
* Cordifòlia (from cor, the heart, and folium, a leaf: the 
leaves are heart-shaped). D. C. prod. 4. p. 588. Stems herba- 
ceous. Leaves on long petioles, all cordate, or only the lower | 
ones. 
1 R. corniròLra (Lin. mant. p. 197.) leaves 4 in a whorl, | 
petiolate, oblong, cordate at the base, 3-5-nerved, beset with 
prickles on the middle nerve, margins, petioles, and angles of 
stems ; flowers tetramerous or pentamerous. Y. H. Native 
of Siberia, on the banks of the Salenga, &c.—There are varie- 
ties of this plant with glabrous, hairy, narrower and broader 
leaves, which are disposed 8 in a whorl. (Pall. itin. 3. t. L. 
f. 1. and gall. t. 92.). Flowers whitish. Berries red or black. 
Perhaps 2 species are confused under this name. : 
Heart-leaved Madder. Fl. July. Clt. 1783. Pl. straggling. 
2 R. Javana (D. C. prod. 4. p. 588.) leaves 4 ina whorl, 
petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, not cordate at the base, 5-nerved, 
scabrous on the middle nerve, ‘petioles, and angles of stems; 
flowers tetramerous and pentamerous. 2. S. Native of Java, 
on the mountains. R. cordifolia, Blum. bijdr. p. 944, An 
intermediate plant between R. cordifolia, R. Sibirica, and R. 
Munjista. 
Java Madder. Pl. straggling. : l 
3 R. Muxsísra (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 383.) leaves 4 in a whor!, 
petiolate, cordate, acuminated, 5-nerved, and are, as well as 
the stems, hispid; flowers all pentamerous. %. H. ee 
of Nipaul and Bengal, on the mountains; and of Japan. ™ 
cordata, Thunb. fl. jap. p. 60. R. Manjith, Roxb. ex eis 
cat. in Desv. journ. bot. 1814. pt. 2. p. 207. There does whi 
appear much difference between this and R. cordifolia, Lin. T e 
kind of madder is used by the dyers and calico-printers in thé 
same manner as the common madder. 
Munjith or Indian Madder. PI. straggling. ; 
_4 R. ara‘ra (Wall. in Roxb. fi. ind. 1. p. 384.) leaves 4 m $ 
whorl, petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, and linear, 3-nerved, acum! 
nated at the apex, scabrous; angles of stem winged, — 
from recurved denticulations ; flowers pentamerous, hisp! i 
corymbs trichotomous, elongated. 4. H. Native of awe 
Limb of leaf 3 times the length of the petiole. Very like 
species of Galium. 
Winged-stemmed Madder. PI. straggling. ; horl 
5 R. verioza'ris (D. C. prod. 4. p. 588.) leaves 4 in a W pit 
petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, 1-nerved, hayme. a 
nerve, margins, petioles, and angles of the stem scabrous n 
prickles. 4y. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. ia 
cordifolia, Thunb. fl. cap. p. 151. but not of Lin. Pane 
length of leaves, tetragonal; perhaps the lower leaves are 
date. Flowers not sufficiently known. 
Petiolar-leaved Madder. PI. straggling. 
