„111. b.), rotate, rarely 3-parted. 
RUBIACEÆ. CCXV. Rusia. 
dichotomous or trichotomous ; bracteas conforming to the leaves 
under the branches ; flowers pedicellate ; berries glabrous. %. 
F. Native of Brazil. Leaves deciduous, smooth. 
Ephedra like Madder. PI. straggling. 
49 R. sca`sra (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 340.) 
stems tetragonal, beset with retrograde prickles along the 
angles; leaves 6 in a whorl, and the upper ones 4 in a whorl, 
sessile, oblong-lanceolate, acutish, with rather revolute and ser- 
rulated edges, 3 times shorter than the internodes ; peduncles 
terminal, usually by threes; bracteas 1-3; berries glabrous. ©. 
H, Native of the Andes about Quindiu, between Carthage and 
Ibague. Perhaps a species of Gàlium nearly allied to G. 
Claytoni. 
Scabrous Madder. PI. straggling. 
50 R. pe‘pinis (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 340.) 
stems tetragonal, beset with retrograde prickles along the angles ; 
leaves oblong, acute, mucronate, flat, having the margins and 
keel beset with retrograde prickles; peduncles 2-3 together, 
terminal, 1-flowered, naked ; berries glabrous. 2%. F. Native 
of Quito, in high places near Chillo and Ichubamba. Perhaps a 
species of Gdlium nearly allied to G. ciliàtum. Mature fruit 
unknown. 
Weak Madder. PI. trailing. 
Cult. The species will grow in any common soil, and are all 
easily increased by dividing at the root or by seeds. Those 
species natives of warm climates require to be placed in the 
green-house in winter. 
CCXVI. GA‘LIUM (from yada, gala, milk; some species 
are used for curdling milk). Scop. carn. ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 94. 
D. C. fl. fr. ed. 3. vol. 4. p. 248. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 
481. D. C. prod. 4. p. 593.—Galium and Valantia species, Lin. 
—Galium, Aparine, and A’spera, Moench. meth.—Galium, Eysé- 
lia, Aparine, Neck. elem. no. 332. 333. and 835.—Galium and 
Aparine, Tourn. inst. t. 39. Moench. meth. 484. and 640.— 
Galium species, A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 133. 
IN. syst. Tetrdndria, Digýnia. Calyx with an ovate-glo- 
bose or oblong tube, and hardly any limb. Corolla 4-parted (f. 
Stamens 4, short (f. 111. c.). 
Styles 2, short. Fruit didymous, roundish, rarely oblong, dry, 
Composed of 2 indehiscent 1-seeded mericarps.— Branched herbs. 
eaves forming whorles along with the stipulas. Inflorescence 
variable, : 
Secr. I. Evea'tium. Perennial plants. 
f SE Leiogàlia (from detoc, leios, smooth, and galium ; in re- 
ance to the smooth fruit of the species). Perennial plants. 
Caves 6 to 10 in a whorl, rarely only 4-5. Flowers disposed in 
cymose panicles, hermaphrodite, white. Fruit glabrous. 
1 G. sytva’ticum (Lin. spec. p. 155.) stems erect, smooth, 
terete, much branched; leaves 8 in a whorl, elliptic, obtuse, 
Bate: smooth, scabrous beneath, and rather glaucous ; 
oral leaves opposite ; peduncles capillary, disposed in a termi- 
nal panicle ; lobes of corolla obtuse; fruit glabrous. %. H. 
ative throughout Europe (Britain and Sicily excepted), in 
See D.C. fi. fr. no. 3356.—Bauh. hist. 3. pt. 2. p. 716. f. 4. 
Owers white. 
Var, B, pubéscens (D. C. fl. fr. vol. 4. p. 248.) stem, branches, 
ve nerves on the under side of leaves downy. X4. H. Native 
of Moguntia and elsewhere. 
ood Bed-straw. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1658. Pl. 1 to 2 ft. 
? G. tinirottum (Lam. dict. 2. p. 578.) stems erect, terete, 
smooth; leaves 4-8 in a whorl, lanceolate-linear, acuminated, 
ate glabrous, membranous, glaucous beneath, with smoothish 
fue? peduncles capillary, panicled; lobes of corolla acute ; 
It + glabrous, smooth. 2. H. Native of Dauphiny, Provence, 
aly, &c. in shady places as in woods. D. C. fi. fr. 4. p. 252. 
* atro-virens, Lapeyr. abr. ex Benth. G. levigatum, Vill. 
CCXVI. Gauium. 647 
dauph. 2. p. 229. Leaves rather rough at the tops from a very 
few bristles or prickles. Flowers white. 
Var. P, serrulatum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 593.) leaves membra- 
nous, serrulated by prickles round the margins. 2/. H. Native 
about Naples, where it was collected by Passy. 
Var. y? rigidulum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 593.) leaves stiffish, 
subserrated round the margin. ¥.H. Native of the Pyrenees 
and Corsica, &e. G. aristatum, Gaud. fl. helv. and perhaps of 
Lin. G. glaticum, Sut. fl. helv.? G. intermédium, Schultes, 
obs. bot. no. 153.2? G. sylvaticum, Bess. fl. gal. 1. p. 219. G. 
glaúcum, Oed. fl. dan. t. 609. G. mutabile, Bess. cont. fl. Volh. 
no. 1336. is probably referrible to this. Perhaps a proper species. 
Flax-leaved Bed-straw. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1759. Pl. 1 
to 2 feet, var. y, 3 to 4 feet. 
3 G. Pascna'te (Forsk. descrip. p. 203.) stems weak, gla- 
brous, smooth ; leaves 8-9 in a whorl, linear-lanceolate, with sca- 
brous margins, glabrous, mucronate ; peduncles axillary, oppo- 
site, twice longer than the leaves, trichotomous at the apex ; 
fruit glabrous, minute. 2/.H. Native about Constantinople. 
G. Hierosolymitanum is probably not distinct from this, ex 
Vabl, symb. 2. p. 29. but that plant is joined to G. le've by 
Schrader, and to G. scàbrum by Persoon. Flowers white. 
Paschale Bed-straw. Pl. 14 foot. 
4 G. incu’rvum (Sibth and Smith, fl. græc. t. 132.) stems 
panicled; leaves 8 in a whorl, linear, glabrous, awned, in- 
curved; lobes of corolla obtuse, awnless; fruit glabrous. %4. 
H. Native of Crete, on the sphaceotic mountains. Flowers 
yellow.—Perhaps the same as G. inctirvum, D’Urv. enum. p. 15. 
which was collected on rocky hills in the island of Samos. Stem 
often pubescent. Peduncles axillary and terminal, trichotomous. 
Incurved Bed-straw. PI. 
5 G. susrrrripum (Reinw. ex Blum. bijdr. p. 944.) stems 
twiggy, obversely scabrous; leaves usually 6 in a whorl, short, 
narrow, linear-spatulate, acutish, rather scabrous; peduncles 
terminal, few-flowered. %.F. Native of Java, on the moun- 
tains. Said to be nearly allied to G. spatulatum and G. piimilum. 
Subtrifid Bed-straw. Pl. 1 foot? 
6 G. apicuta‘tum (Sibth et Smith, fl. graec. t. 129.) stems 
hoary ; leaves 6 in a whorl, lanceolate, rather scabrous; pedun- 
cles trichotomous, leafy ; lobes of corolla apiculated ; fruit gla- 
brous. 2. H. Native of Mounts Parnassus and Athos. Roem. et 
Schultes, syst. p. 229. but not p. 222. Flowers greenish-purple. 
Peduncles axillary and terminal, forming a leafy panicled raceme. 
Apiculated-flowered Bed-straw. PI. } to 1 foot. 
7 G. ıxca`num (Sibth et Smith, FIG. 111. 
fl. greec. t. 130.) leaves 6 in a 
whorl, linear, and are as well as 
the stems hoary; peduncles 3- 
flowered ; lobes of corolla awn- 
ed; fruit glabrous. 2%. H. Na- 
tive on Mount Parnassus. 
Flowers white. (f. 111.) 
Hoary Bed-straw. Pl. tufted, 
4 to 4 foot. 
8 G. ostrauum (Vill. dauph. 
2. p. 324. t. 8.) stems ascending, 
tetragonal, villous at the bot- 
tom; leaves 8 in a whorl : lower 
ones obovate, villous: upper 
ones linear-lanceolate, glabrous ; 
peduncles twice trifid, glabrous ; 
lobes of corolla ending in a setaceous acumen each; fruit gla- 
brous. Y. H. Native of Dauphiny, Piedmont, Etruria, and Aus- 
tria, in rugged places, and in hedges among the mountains. G. 
mucronatum, Lam. dict. 2. p. 581. D.C. fi. fr. 4. p. 258. 
Flowers white. Habit of G. Bocconi, but differs in the lobes of 
the corolla ending in a setaceous point. 
LG 
