656 
to G. hirtum, but differs in the angles of the stem being gla- 
brous. 
Field Bed-straw. Pl, 1 foot. 
95 G. nu'mitz (Cham. et Schlecht. in Linnea. 3. p. 226.) 
stems diffuse, tetragonal, filiform, beset with stiff hairs or gla- 
brous ; leaves 4 in a whorl, petiolulate, elliptic, acute at both 
ends, flat, cuspidate, ciliated; flowers axillary, solitary, oppo- 
site, on short pedicels, bibracteate ; lobes of corolla acute, rather 
pilose at the apex; fruit globose, didymous, downy.—Native of 
the south of Brazil. 
Humble Bed-straw. Pl. procumbent. 
§ 8. Maschaligalia (from paxatpa, machaira, sword-grass, 
and galium). D.C. prod. 4. p. 605. Perennial plants. Leaves 
4 in a whorl. Inflorescence axillary. Flowers polygamous, 
cream-coloured. 
96 G. corona‘rum (Sibth et Smith, fl. grec. t. 125.) stems 
ascending, branched from the base, smooth ; leaves 4 in a whorl, 
elliptic, obtuse, nearly veinless, with the margins and base cili- 
ated; peduncles quinquefid, glabrous, bibracteate ; flowers poly- 
gamous; fruit glabrous. 2/. H. Native of Bithynia, on Mount 
Olympus; and of Tauria and Caucasus. Valantia Taiirica, 
Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 437.—Buxb. cent. 5. p. 47. f. 39. There is a 
variety of this with rather hispid stems. Flowers pale yellow. 
Var. B, glabérimum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 605.) stems and lower 
leaves quite glabrous on the nerve and margins. 4%. H. Native 
of Armenia and Cappadocia, on the mountains. Valantia humi- 
fùsa, Willd. spec. 4. p. 949. Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 436. Cruciata 
orientalis glabra humifusa, Tourn. cor. p. 4 
Crowned Bed-straw. Fl. June, July. 
cumbent. 
97 G. Tav’ricum (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 250.) stems 
decumbent, branched, hispid ; leaves 4 in a whorl, elliptic, reti- 
culated, hispid; peduncles branched, ciliated, bracteated, de- 
flexed; bracteas oblong; flowers polygamous ; fruit hispid from 
short down. Y.H. Native of Tauria, in rough places. Va- 
lantia Tadrica, Pall. in Willd. spec. 4. p. 951. act. petr. nov. 10. 
Clt 1816. Pl. pro- 
p- 315. Bieb. suppl. p. 640. D’Urv. cat. no. 138. Valántia 
redevìva, Hoffm. ex Sieb. Flowers yellow. 
Taurian Bed-straw. F]. June, Aug. Clt. 1819.. Pl. dec. 
98 G. ve'RNuM (Scop. carn. ed. 2. no. 144. t. 2.) stems erect, 
simple or branched from the base; leaves 4 in a whorl, 3-nerved, 
ciliated ; peduncles dichotomous, bractless, shorter than the 
leaves; flowers polygamous ; fruit glabrous. %44. H. Native 
of France and Switzerland, Upper Italy, Germany, Hungary, 
Gallicia, Siberia, &c. in grassy places. Stems and leaves glabrous 
or hispid, with the exception of the ciliæ. Flowers yellow or 
cream-coloured. D. C. fl. fr. ed. 3. no. 3353. Very like G. 
cruciàtum. Valántia vérna, G. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. p. 411. 
Var. a, Bauhìnii (D. C. prod. 4. p. 605.) leaves oval or 
elliptic. X4. H. Valántia glabra, Lin. spec. 1491. Valántia 
glabra, Waldst. et Kit. hung. t. 32. Valántia crebrifòlia, St. 
Am. fi. agr. p. 424. G. Bauhinii, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 
218.—J. Bauh. hist. 3. p. 717. Flowers yellow. 
Var. B, Hallèri (D.C. prod. 4. p. 605.) leaves oblong ; flowers 
paler and smaller. %. H. Valantia glabra, Vill. dauph. 2. p. 
354, G. Scopdlii, Vill. dauph. 1. p.304. G. rubioides, Sut. fl. 
helv. 1. p. 88. G. Halléri, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 218. 
—Hall. nom. no. 720. Flowers cream-coloured. 
"Sige Bed-straw. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1371. Pl. trailing, 
1 foot. 
99 G. Pr’rsicum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 605.) plant quite gla- 
brous, smooth, erect, of many stems; leaves 4 in a whorl, ob- 
jong, not ciliated; peduncles axillary, many-flowered, 3 times 
shorter than the leaves, bracteate; fruit glabrous. ASB 
Native of Persia, near Amadan, where it was collected by Olivier 
RUBIACEZ. CCXVI. Gauium. 
and Bruguiere. Flowers yellow in the dried state. Nearly 
allied to G. vérnum, but differs in the plant being perfectly 
glabrous. 
Persian Bed-straw. Pl. 4 to 1 foot. 
100 G. cructa‘rum (Scop. carn. 1. p. 100.) stems erect; 
branched from the base, simple at the apex, pilose ; leaves 4 in 
a whorl, elliptic-oblong or ovate, hairy, 3-nerved; peduncles 
hispid, branched; bracteas 2, oblong, ciliated; flowers polyga- 
mous ; fruit glabrous. 2%. H. Native of Europe, in hedges, 
road-sides, and shady places frequent ; plentiful in Britain; and 
of Siberia. D.C. fl. fr. no. 3351. Req. diss. mss. G. cruci- 
àtum, Smith, engl. bot. 143. G. Vaillantia, fl. Wett. G. Va- 
lantia, Baumg. trans. Valántia crucidta, Lin. spec. 1491. Lam. 
ill. t. 843. f.1. Aparine latifolia, Moench. meth. 640. Va- 
lantia ciliata, Presl. fl. cech. p. 34. but not of Russ. Root 
creeping. Flowers yellow, and some are 3-cleft. ; 
Var. B, angustifolium (D. C. prod. 4. p. 606.) leaves linear- 
oblong, very scabrous along the edges. 2%. H. Cultivated in 
gardens, according to Req. diss. mss. ex D. C. 
Crossnort Bed-straw. Fl. May, June. Britain. Pl. 1 foot. 
101 G. Currsone’nse (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 250.) 
stems branched, ascending, with hispid angles; leaves 4 in a 
whorl, oblong, ciliated, somewhat 3-nerved : nerves hispid be- 
neath; peduncles branched, hispid, defiexed, bracteated ; brac- 
teas oblong, ciliated; fruit glabrous. X4. H. Native of Tauria 
and Caucasus. Valántia Chersonénsis, Willd. spec. 4, p. 951. 
Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. 1977. G. cruciatum, f, Chersonense, D. 
C. prod. 4. p. 606. Root creeping. Flowers yellow. Very like 
G. cruciàtum. 
Cherson Bed-straw. Pl. 1 ft. 
Fl. May, July. Clt. 1817. 
Secr. II. ANNUAL SPECIES.—ÅPARÌNE. 
§ 9. Cruciate (from crux, a cross; in reference to the p 
position of the 4 leaves in each whorl). D. C. prod. 4. p. 605. - 
—Cruciàta, Tourn. inst. p. 115.—Valántia species, Lin. Plants 
annual. Flowers polygamous ; some male, and some hermaphro- 
dite, intermixed, yellow. Leaves 4 in a whorl. Fruit glabrous 
or pilose. 
102 G. reTRO'RSUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 605.) stem erect, a 
ple, beset with retrograde prickles along the angles ; partic p 
a whorl, oblong, villously ciliated ; peduncles axillary, Pe 
nearly simple, reflexed while in fruit; flowers polygamous; $ 
cleft ; fruit glabrous. ©.H. Native of Sicily, Pannonia, a 
Caucasus, on hills, and in woods on the mountains. oe i 
montanum, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 436. Guss. prod. 1. p. 170. $ 
not of All. Vaiìllántia Pedemontàna, Waldst. et Kit. pl. rar. 
hung. 1. t. 33. but not of Bellardi. Flowers yellow. 
Retrograde-prickled Bed-straw. Pl. 4 to 1 foot. as 
103 G. Pepremonta‘na (All. auct. p. 2.) stem erect, ret 
slender, loosely villous ; leaves 4 in a whorl, oval-oblong, hisp 
peduncles bractless, 3-4-flowered, shorter than the panies 
flexed after flowering; flowers polygamous; fruit a per 
globose, didymous. ©. H. Native of the south of rt s 
as of Portugal, Spain, Vallais, Piedmont, &e. In oe igita 
places. D.C. fl. fr. ed. 3. no. 3352. Req. diss. mss. kpa” 
Pedemontàna, Bell. append. 46. t. 5. act. taur. 5. te Te pres 
of Kit. G. chloranthum, Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 149. pne 
times truly globose, from one of the cells being abortive. 
yellow, very like those of G. cruciàtum. ; h from 
Var. B, refléxum (Presl. fl. sic. prod. p. 123.) fruit pa 
stiff pili, ©. H. Native of Sicily, among grass On Uae 
tains and in groves. Perhaps a proper species. ù 
Piedmont Bed-straw. H July. Clt. 1799. Pl. 7 oai 
104 G. Grpratra’ricum (Schott, in isis. 1828. p- 821. 
