662 RUBIACEZH. CCXVIII. Vamrantia. 
CCXVIII. VAILLA’NTIA (so named in honour of Sebas- 
tien Vaillant, an eminent French botanist, and demonstrator at 
the botanic garden, Paris, author of Discours sur la Structure 
des Fleurs, 1718, and Botanicum Parisiense, 1723, 8vo., and 
1726, fol. &c.). D. C. fi. fr. 4. p. 266. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 
3. p. 14. and p. 74. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 
134, t.11. f. 2. D. C. prod. 4. p. 613.—Valantia, Tourn. act. 
acad. sc. 1705. Mich. gen. 13. t. 17. Moench. meth, p. 639.— 
Valantia species, Lin.—Vaillantia species, Waldst. et Kit. 
Lin. syst. Polygamia, Monee‘cia. Flowers by threes ; mid- 
dle one fertile, hermaphrodite, and the two lateral ones male, 
and combined with the middle one. Tube of calyx ovate; limb 
denticulated, permanent, the denticulations many, irregular and 
stiff. Corollas rotate; male ones trifid, and the hermaphrodite 
one quadrifid. Stamens 3-4. Styles 2 in the hermaphrodite 
flower; stigmas capitate. Fruit 3-horned, in consequence of 
the ovaria of the three flowers being combined; the lateral 
horns sterile, and the middle one biovulate, but usually only 
l-seeded at maturity.—Annual branched herbs. Stems te- 
tragonal. Leaves oval, opposite, and stipulas 2, very like the 
leaves, forming a 4-leaved whorl. Flowers 3 in each axil, 
sessile, small, yellow, therefore they appear 6 in a whorl. 
—According to the observation of A. Richard, the seeds are 
half naked at maturity from the rupturing of the mericarp. 
1 V. mura‘uis (Lin. spec. p. 1490.) stem, leaves, and calyxes 
glabrous. ©. H. Native of the south of Europe, in dry 
rocky places, and on old walls; on the whole coast of Tuscany ; 
on the sandy shores of the County of Nice; and in the south of 
France, about Nemours; also about Montpelier and Leghorn. 
Sibth. et Smith, fl. græc. 137. V. quadrifolia, Moench. meth. p. 
640.—Sabb. hort. 1. t. 83.—Mich. gen. 13. t, 7.—Mor. oxon. 
3, sect. 9. t. 21, f. 2.—Col. ecphr. t. 297. Angles of fruit 
fringed. 
Wall Cross-wort. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1739. Pl. 4 foot. 
2 V. wispipa (Lin. spec. p. 1490.) stem hispid; leaves cili- 
ated; calyxes pilose. ©. H. Native of Teneriffe, south of 
Spain, Italy, Balearic Islands, Candia, Barbary, &c. in hedges 
and fields. Sibth, et Smith, fl. graec. t. 138. Galium hispidum 
and G. blepharophon, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 249. Fruit 
prickly. Lateral horns of fruit smaller. 
Var. B, aculeata (D. C. prod. 4. p. 614.) plant larger; fruit 
glabrous, longer than the denticulations of the calyx. ©. H. 
cai hy of the kingdom of Naples, among rubbish and on old 
walls. 
Hispid Cross-wort. 
foot. 
Cult, Sow the seeds on an old wall or on rock-work, or in any 
dry sandy soil and situation. 
Tribe XIII. 
OPERCULARIE‘Z (this tribe contains plants whose fruit 
opens by an operculum). A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. 
p- 142. D.C. prod. 4. p. 614.—Operculariz, Juss. ann. mus, 
4. p. 418. and 10. p. 328.—Opercularia Geertn. fruct. 1. p. 111. 
t. 24. Flowers combined : having the calycine tubes resembling at 
length a peculiar operculum. Corollas 3-5-cleft. Stamens 1-5; 
filaments hardly adnate to the tube of the corolla at the base. 
Style short; stigmas 2, slender, elongated, acute. Fruit 1-celled 
and 1-seeded by abortion, combined, 2-valved (f. 112. b.), at 
length dehiscing—Herbs or subshrubs, usually natives of Aus- 
tralia. Leaves opposite. Stipulas twin on both sides, distinct 
or combined. Flowers combined into a head, girded by a par- 
tial, many-toothed involucrum. Heads of flowers sometimes um- 
bellate and pedunculate, and sometimes sessile and capitate, usu- 
ally girded by a universal involucrum.—This tribe agrees with 
Spermacocee in habit and stigmas, but the number of sta- 
Fl. May, July. Cit. 1768. Pl. 4 to 3 
CCXIX. Pomax. CCXX. OPERCULARIA. 
mens is variable, and therefore it approaches the order Vale- 
rianee. 
CCXIX. PO'MAX (from zwpa, poma, an operculum; in 
reference to the operculum to the fruit). Soland. in Gertn, 
fruct. 1. p. 111. t. 24. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 
145. t. 13. f, 1. D. C. prod. 4. p. 615.—Operculariz floribus 
umbellatis, Juss. ann. mus. 4. p. 418. 
Lin. syst. Mono-Tetrandria, Monoginia. 
wanting. Corolla 3-4-cleft. Stamens 1-4. Seeds wrinkled 
from tubercles.—Suffrutescent herbs. Leaves opposite, fur- 
nished with one leaf-formed stipula on each side. Peduncles 7- 
10, terminal, umbellate, involucrated by the 2 floral Jeaves and 
4 small stipulas, bearing at their tops a small distinct head of 
flowers each ; heads girded by a blunt 8-10-toothed involucrum. 
Flowers 3 within each partial involucrum, joined together by the 
tubes of the calyxes. 
1 P. nirra (D. C. prod. 4, p. 615.) branches, leaves, pedun- 
cles, and involucra hispid; leaves oblong-linear. h. G. Na- 
tive of New Holland. Pdmax umbellata, Sol. 1. c. Opercularia 
umbellata, Gertn. fruct. 1. p. 112. t. 24. Lam. ill. t. 58. f. 1, 
Juss. mem. mus. 10. p. 426. Sieb. nov. holl. no. 250. 
Hairy Pomax. Fi. June, July. Clt. 1826. Pl. 4 to] ft. 
2 P. era gra (D.C. 1. c.) plant glabrous in every part ; leaves 
elliptic, attenuated at the base. h.G. Native of New Hol- 
land, about Port Jackson. Stipulas smaller than in the preced- 
ing species. 
Glabrous Pomax. Shrub 1 foot. : 
Cult. The species of this genus grow best in a mixture of 
loam, peat, and sand; and cuttings root freely under a hand- 
glass. 
Limb of calyx 
CCXX. OPERCULA'RIA (from operculum, a lid; in refer- 
ence to the operculate calyx). A. Rich. mem. soc. hist, nat. 
Par. 5. p. 144. t. 13. f. 2. D. C. prod. 4. p. 615.—Rubioides, 
Soland. 1. c.—Cryptospérmum, Young, in Lin. trans. 3. p. 30. 
—Opercularia and Cryptospérmum, Pers.—Operculariz flori- 
bus capitatis, Juss. : iy 
Lin. syst. Mono-Pentándria, Monogýnia. Limb of ca be 
3-4-lobed. Corolla 3-5-cleft. Stamens 1-5. Seeds nearly 
smooth.—Herbs suffruticose at the base. Leaves opposite, fur- 
nished with distinct stipulas on both sides. Heads of flowers 
globose, terminal, or rising from the forks of the branches, p 
dunculate, or nearly sessile. Universal involucrum wanting, al 
composed of the 2 upper leaves and 4 small stipulas. Partia 
involucra acutely 8-10-toothed. , fr- 
1 O. nisprpa (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 385.) stems diffuse, 1 
rowed, tetragonal, rough from numerous hairs; leaves ya? 
ovate, pilose ; heads pedunculate, rising from the forks © 
branches, drooping. 2%. G. Na- 
tive of New Holland. O. aspera, 
Juss. ann. mus. 4. p. 427. t. 70. 
f.1. Universal involucrum want- 
ing; partial ones 8-10-toothed, 
each containing 3-5 flowers. Co- 
rolla 5-cleft, monandrous or di- 
androus, white. 
Hispid Opercularia. Fl. Ju. 
July. Clt. 1790. * Pl. diffuse. 
2 O. SESSILIFLÒRA (Juss. l. c. 
p- 427. t. 170. f. 2.) glabrous ; 
stems diffuse, slender, hardly 
furrowed ; leaves linear; heads 
of flowers small, hemispherical, 
sessile in the forks of the branches 
Y.G. Native of New Holland. 
FIG. 112. 
