VALERIANE®. II. Narposracnys. III. Durresnta. IV. VALERIANELLA. 
sessile, broadest at the base. Stems simple. 
in fascicled corymbs. Corollas purple. 
1 N. Jarama’nsi (D.C. coll. mem. vii. t. 1.) stem villous; 
leaves downy : radical ones lanceolate-long: cauline leaves sub- 
lanceolate ; fascicles of flowers opposite, pedunculate, and ter- 
minal. 2%. F. Native of Nipaul, on the Himalaya mountains 
and Gosaingsthan ; in Mandon and Chitor provinces ; in the pro- 
vinces of Delhi, Bengal, and Decan. Valeriana Jatamansi, 
Jones in asiat. res. 2. p. 405. and 4. p. 109. Roxb. in asiat. res. 
p. 451. D. Don, in Lamb. cinch. p. 180. with a figure. Vale- 
riana spica, Vahl, enum. 2. p. 13. Patrinia Jatamansi, D. Don, 
prod. fl. nep. p. 159. Nárdus Gare. ab. hort. arom. p. 133. 
with a figure of the root. Nardus Indica. J. Bauh. hist. 3. p. 202. 
Nardostachyon or Spica Nardi or Nardus Gangitus or Nardus 
Syriaca of the ancients, and Jatamangsi of the natives of India. 
It had long been a desideratum among the moderns to know to 
what order and genus the plant belonged, which preduced the 
spikenard of the ancients. We are indebted to that learned 
orientalist, the late Sir William Jones, for having first pointed it 
out satisfactorily, although he confounded it with another species 
totally distinct, and from which he has taken his botanical de- 
scription and figure. This mistake arose from his not having 
received perfect specimens himself; but trusting wholly to the 
account and drawing given him by a friend, who was entirely 
unversed in botany, and who therefore could not be supposed to 
distinguish accurately two plants of the same genus. The Jata- 
mansi or Jatamangsi belongs to the genus Nardéstachys, and 
resembles in several respects the Celtic Nard, Valeriana Céltica. 
The roots are simple, perpendicular, from 4 to 6 inches long, and 
the upper half is very thickly covered with the remains of the 
past leaves, resembling coarse hairs, and the smell resembles 
those of Valeriana officinalis. This smell, which to many would 
not perhaps prove grateful, has led some to doubt its being the 
spikenard of the ancients. Dr. Francis Hamilton, in his account 
of Nipaul, has expressed some doubts on the subject, but he 
says, “ As there can be no disputing about taste, I cannot take 
upon myself to say how far the encomiums bestowed on the 
spikenard are applicable to this valerian, and the native women 
no doubt consider the smell very agreeable, because most of such 
as can afford it use oil impregnated with this root for perfuming 
their hair. All I can say is, that if this root is the spikenard of 
the Roman ladies, their lovers must have had a very different 
taste from the youth of modern Europe. Notwithstanding the 
objections that might be raised against the Jatamansi, on the 
ground that the perfume produced by its roots would not prove 
perhaps so grateful to our modern ladies, yet to the ladies of 
ancient Rome it might have been highly grateful, as it is to those 
of Nipaul at the present day. The late Sir William Jones, in 
two learned dissertations published in the second and fourth 
volumes of the Transactions of the Asiatic Society, has, indeed, 
so fully demonstrated by so many proofs that the Nardéstachys 
1s identical with the spikenard of the ancients, and this opinion 
18 supported by so many concurring circumstances, that there 
can, I think, be no doubt now left on the subject. The Vale- 
müna Hardwickii, with which Sir W. Jones confounded it, has 
short fleshy roots, sending out numerous cylindrical fibres, the 
radical leaves cordate, and those of the stem pinnate and ternate. 
The flowers panicled, and in other respects it differs widely.” 
Jatamansi or Spikenard. PI. 4 foot. 
2 N. Granprrrora (D. C. coll. mem. vii. t. 2.) stem quite 
glabrous; leaves oblong, glabrous: cauline ones ovate or cor- 
date ; heads of flowers solitary, terminal. 2%. F. Native of 
ìpaul, at Kamaon. Fédia grandifldra, Wall. mss. Bracteas 
3-nerved, membranous, oval, longer than the capsule. Capsule 
owny ; lobes of calyx evidently denticulated. 
Great-flowered Spikenard. PI. 3 foot. 
Flowers disposed 
667 
Cult. See Triplostégia, p. 680. for culture and propagation. 
III. DUFRE’SNIA (named after Peter Dufresne, M.D., 
author of Histoire Naturelle et Medicale de La Famille des 
Valerianees, 4to, Montpelier, 1811.). D. C. coll. mem. vii. t. 3. 
prod. 4. p. 624. 
Lin. syst. Tetrdndria, Monogijnia. Limb of calyx 3-parted: 
lobes ovate, acute, rather unequal, permanent, reticulated, and 
serrated. Corolla with an obconical tube, and a 5-lobed limb : 
lobes roundish. Stamens 3. Style unknown. Fruit membra- 
nous, indehiscent, very villous outside, crowned by the lobes of 
the calyx, 3-celled inside, one of the cells fertile and flattened, and 
the other 2 cylindrical and sterile.—A small glabrous herb. Stem 
suffruticose at the base, nearly simple. Leaves opposite, oblong, 
obtuse, quite entire. Cymes crowded, subcapitate. Bracteas 
oblong, spreading, serrated. Flowers small, rose-coloured in 
the dry state, and probably monoecious from abortion. 
1 D. orientais (D. C. coll. mem. vii. t. 3.) Y? F. Native 
of the Levant, between Mosul and Bagdad, where it was col- 
lected by Olivier and Bruguiere. 
Oriental Dufresnia. P1. + foot. 
Cult. This plant should be grown in a pot in a mixture of 
peat, loam, and sand; and placed among other alpine plants; it 
can only be increased by seeds. 
IV. VALERIANE'LLA (a dim. of Valeriana, which see). 
Meench. meth. p. 486. D.C. fl. fr. 4. p. 240. coll. mem. vii. t. 
3. Dufr. val. p. 56. Link, enum. 1. p. 63. Betck. anim. 4to, 
Rost. 1826. D.C. prod. 4. p. 625.—Valerianélla species, Tourn. 
—Valeriana locústa, Lin.—Fédia species, Geertn. Vahl. Stev. 
Bieb. Rchb. but not of Adans. nor Moench.—Poliprémum, Adans. 
fam. 2. p. 152. but not of Lin.—Odontocarpa, Neck. elem. 1. 
. 123. 
5 Lin. syst. Triándria, Monogýnia. Limb of calyx toothed, 
permanent. Corolla spurless, regular, 5-lobed. Stamens 3. 
Stigma nearly undivided or trifid. Fruit 3-celled, rather mem- 
branous, indehiscent, crowned by the toothed or accrete limb of 
the calyx.—Annual herbs. Stems dichotomous at the tops. 
Leaves oblong or linear, undivided, or toothed at the base, or 
the superior ones are pinnatifid. Flowers solitary in the forks, 
or in fascicled corymbs, bracteate, small, white, rarely rose- 
coloured. 
§ 1. Locústa (from locusta, a locust; so named from some 
semblance in the branches). D. C. prod. 4. p. 624. Mature 
fruit 2 or 3-celled ; one of the cells alone fertile, and gibbous on 
the back ; the two sterile ones equal or broader than the fertile one, 
sometimes distinct, and sometimes coadunate, from the dissepiment 
having vanished. 
* Mature fruit 2-celled. 
1 V. otrro'rta (Meench. meth. p. 493.) fruit globose, com- 
pressed, inflated, glabrous, oblique, 2-lobed ; limb of calyx 
almost wanting, or with 1-3 very short teeth; fruit having the 
2 sterile cells combined, from the dissepiment being incom- 
plete; flowers subcapitate; bracteas spreading, oblong-linear, 
ciliately-serrated ; leaves linear-tongue-shaped, almost entire, 
blunt ; angles of stem scabrous. ©. H. Native of Europe, 
in corn-fields and light cultivated grounds ; plentiful in Britain ; 
and is cultivated in gardens as a salad. D. C. fl. fr. no. 3330. 
coll. mem. t. 3. f. 2. Dufr. val. 56. t. 3. f. 8. Valeriana 
loctista, Willd. spec. 1. p. 182. Fèdia olitoria, Vahl, enum. 2. 
p. 19. but not of Gertn, Fédia locústa, Rchb. pl. cr. 1. t. 60. 
Fédia striata, Stev. mem. mose. 2. p. 178. Valeriana olitòria, 
Willd. spec. 1. p. 182. Lactuca agnina, Ger. emac. t. 310. f. 
1-2.—Riv. irr. t. 6. Valeriàna locústa, Lin. spec. p. 47. a. 
Smith, eng. bot. 12. t. 811. Curt. lond., fasc. 5. t. 4. Mart. 
4R 2 
