668 VALERIANE. 
rust. t. 24, Flowers pale blue. There is a variety of this 
species having the upper leaves toothed or jagged according 
to Vahl. Lamb’s lettuce is also called corn-salad ; Acker- 
salat in German, and Valerianella in Italian. It is a dimi- 
nutive annual plant, common in corn-fields or sandy soils. 
The leaves are of a pale glaucous hue, and rather succulent. 
When cultivated it rises almost a foot high, and flowers in 
March. Gerarde tells us that foreigners using it while in 
England led to its being cultivated in our gardens. It is used 
in salads through the winter and early in spring, both as a substi- 
tute for common lettuce in those seasons, and to increase the 
variety of small salads. For these purposes it has long been a 
favourite plant in France under the denominations of mache, dou- 
cette, salade de chanoine, and poule grass. It is raised from 
seed, of which a quarter of an ounce is sufficient for a bed 4 feet 
by 5. To answer the common demand 2 or at most 3 sowings 
will be sufficient, viz. a principal sowing at the beginning or 
towards the middle of August, a secondary sowing early in Sep- 
tember, to furnish together crops in winter and early spring; 
and a smaller sowing in spring, at the close of February or in 
the course of March, if the plants are required in continuation 
throughout that season, though they are apt to get rank tasted 
in warm dry weather. If wanted throughout summer, sow 
once a month, and cut the crop quite young. Sow the seeds in 
any bed of common mellow earth, broad cast, and rake in the 
seed. When the plants are up, thin them to 2 or 3 inches 
asunder, that they may have room to acquire some small stocky 
growth for gathering. For seed leave some plants in spring. 
Var. B, lasiocárpa (Rchb. |. c. f. £.) fruit downy. 
Salad Lamb’s-lettuce. Fl. April, May. Britain. Pl, 4 to 1 ft. 
2 V. rapia`ra (Dufr. val. p. 57.) fruit oblong, rather tetra- 
gonal, glabrous, smooth; limb of calyx obliquely truncate, 
almost wanting ; sterile cells of fruit combined in one, from the 
dissepiment being incomplete, equal in size to the fertile one ; 
bracteas linear-oblong, spreading, ciliated a little; leaves ob- 
long-spatulate, attenuated at the base, subdentate. ©.H. Na- 
tive from Pennsylvania to Carolina, in corn-fields. Valeriana 
radiata, Willd. spec. 1. p. 185. Fèdia radiata, Michx. fl. bor. 
amer. 1. p. 18. Bart. comp. 1. p. 20. Fruit downy, according 
to Michx. but in the specimen it is obviously glabrous. Flowers 
pink. Perhaps only a variety of V. olitéria. The young leaves 
are used as a salad. 
Rayed Lamb’s-lettuce. 
to 1 foot. ’ 
3 V.? exsca‘pa (Stev. mem. soc. mose. 3. p. 251.) fruit 2- 
celled, one of which is sterile, obovate, ribbed, glabrous, sessile 
at the neck, and protruded at the apex, and 5-6-toothed: teeth 
oblong, straight, thick: leaves ligulate, glabrous; stem none. 
©. H. Native of Caucasus, near Gandsha. Fédia exscapa, 
Stev. mem. mosc. 5. p. 354. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 1. p. 366. 
Fèdia acaúlis, Bieb. suppl. p. 35. Flowers pink. The fruit is 
said to be 2-celled, with both the cells fertile, but it is probably 
like the other species, having only one of the cells fertile, and 
the 2 sterile combined ones. 
Sca)eless Lamb’s-lettuce. 
+ to 4 foot. 
Fl. April, May. Clit. 1821. Pl. 4 
Fl. May, June, Clt. 1826. PI. 
** Mature fruit 3-celled. 
4 V. ru’rewa (D. C. prod. 4. p. 626.) fruit nearly globose, 
compressed on one side and concave- convex, almost awnless, gla- 
brous ; fertile cell turgid, convex and cellular on the back, and 
the 2 sterile cells about equal in size to the fertile one; bracteas 
oblong, spreading, ciliated; flowers subcapitate ; leaves ob- 
ovate : upper ones oblong-linear, quite entire. ©.H. Native 
of Tauria, in corn-fields. Feédia targida, Stev. mem, mosc, 2. 
p- 178. but not of others. A very distinct species. 
IV. VALERIANELLA. 
Turgid Lamb’s-lettuce. Pl. $to 1 foot. 
5 V. crssosa (D. C. coll. mem. t. 3. f. 3.) fruit globose, 
somewhat compressed, glabrous, crownless, coarctate and flat on 
one side, and gibbous on the other, and furnished with 2 stripes 
on both sides ; fertile cell turgid, cellular, and furnished with a 
furrow; and the 2 sterile ones smaller, and furrowed on the 
back; bracteas linear-oblong, spreading, quite entire; flowers 
subcapitate ; leaves oblong-linear, entire. ©. H. _ Native of 
Sicily, on the mountains in exposed places. Fédia gibbòsa, 
Guss. 1. p. 28. Herb smoothish, 2-3 inches high. Nearly 
allied to V. tuérgida. 
Gibbous-fruited Lamb’s-lettuce. Pl. $ foot. : 
6 V. cosra‘ra (D.C. prod. 4. p. 626.) fruit roundish, a little 
compressed, glabrous, not crowned; fertile cell turgidly cellular 
and convex on the back, and the two sterile ones profoundly 
furrowed on the back; bracteas oblong, spreading, with glabrous 
edges ; flowers subcapitate; leaves linear-obleng, quite entire. 
©. H. Native of the south of Tauria, in vineyards. Fédia 
costata, Stev. mem mosce. 5. p. 844. Bieb. suppl. p. 28. Herb 
1-2 inches long, simple, slender, smoothish. Fruit nearly allied 
to V. tirgida and V. gibbosa, but much smaller. 
Ribbed-fruited Lamb’s-lettuce. Pl. 1 to 2 inches. 
§ 2. Psilocele (from roc, psilos, slender, and xoioc, koi- 
los, a hollow; in reference to the narrow sterile cells of the fruit). 
D. C. prod. 4. p. 626. Fruit 3-celled, flatlish in front; fertile 
cell not cellularly turgid on the back; and the 2 sterile ones jfi- 
form, and much narrower ihan the fertile one, usually close and 
nerve-formed. 
* Limb of calyx parted into recurved stiffish teeth. 
7 V. uxcina`ra (Dufr. val. p. 60.) fruit oblong, pyramidal, 
rather downy while young, glabrous in the adult state ; E 
cells 2, very narrow; limb of calyx tubular, 7-9-toothed ; teet 
acute, stiff, recurved ; bracteas linear, spreading, glabrous ; cau- 
line leaves pinnatifid ; radical leaves spatulate. ©. H. Native 
of Tauria and Eastern Caucasus, in dry places of mountains; 
and at the Bosphorus. D’Urv. enum. no. 30. D.C. coll. mem. 
t. 3. f.4. Fèdia uncinàta, Stev. mem. mosce. 5. p. 352. Bieb. 
fl. taur. 1. p. 26. Rchb. pl. crit. t. 69. Valerièna pubéscens, 
Hopp. bot. zeit. 1825. p. 359. ex Schultes. Flowers lilac. : 
Hooked-calyxed Lamb’s-lettuce. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1822. 
PI. 4 to 1 foot. 2 
8 V. ecuina‘ra (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 242.) fruit oblong, some- 
what tetragonal, trisulcate, glabrous; sterile cells of fruit Br 
narrow; calyx with 3 conically subulate, stiff and recurv 
teeth; bracteas oblong, obtuse, glabrous, spreading ; leaves 
entire or toothed, and are as well as the stem glabrous. )s i 
Native in the region of the Mediterranean, from Min 
Tauria, in corn-fields. Dufr. val. 61. t. 30. f£. 10, Fèdia ec 5 
uàta, Vahl, enum. 2. p. 19. Stev. et Bieb. 1. c. Rchb. pl. see 
p. 68. Valeriàna echinata, Lin. spec. p- 47.—C. Bauh. Lae 
p. 165. Garid. aix. t. 94. Col. eephr. t. 206.—Moris. ox. s€" 
7. t.16. f. 28. Flowers pink. 
Echinated-fruited Lamb’s-lettuce. 
Pl. 1 foot. ee 
9 V. cornicuta’ra (Meyer. verz. pfl. p. 49.) fruit ob ae 
with the 2 sterile cells filiform, and the fertile one convex on t ; 
back ; crown of fruit tubular, tridentate : teeth elongated, linear, 
usually denticulated, straight or hooked at the apex- "| it 
Native of Caucasus, in corn-fields near Baku. Habit of pia 
nearer to V. uncinàta than to V. echindla. 
Horned-fruited Lamb’s-lettuce. Pl. Ł to 1 foot. 
** Limb of calyx erect, toothed or entire, never recurved: 
10 V. eRtoca’rra (Desv. journ. bot. 2. p. 314. t. th £2 
fruit ovate, obsoletely ribbed, hispid ; the 2 sterile cells o 
Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1807. 
