672 
VIII. CENTRA’NTHUS (from xevzpor, kentron, a spur, and 
av@oc, anthos, a flower; in reference to the corolla being fur- 
nished with a spur at the base). D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 238. Dufr. 
val. p. 38. D.C, prod. 4. p. 631.—Kentranthus, Neck. elem. 
1. p. 123, 
Lin. syst. Mondndria, Monogynia. Limb of calyx involute 
(f. 114. b.) when the flower is in blossom, but afterwards it un- 
folds into a deciduous pappus, composed of many plumose bris- 
tles (f. 114. h.). Corolla with an obconical tube, which is 
spurred at the base (f. 114. c.), and a regular 5-lobed limb (f. 
114. d.). Stamen 1 (f. 114. e.). Fruit indehiscent, 1-celled, 
and 1-seeded at maturity.x—Quite glabrous European herbs. 
Leaves undivided or pinnate. Flowers red or white, unilateral 
along the branches of the panicle, which is corymbose. 
* Spur of flower elongated. Flowers red, very rarely white. 
1 C. roncirLérus (Stev. obs. pl. ross. p. 76.) leaves lanceo- 
late-linear, quite entire; spur of corolla about equal in length to 
the tube, and about twice the length of the ovarium; genitals 
twice the length of the limb of the corolla. 2%. H. Native of 
Armenia, about Tiflis, among rocks. C. angustifdlius, Bieb. fl. 
taur. 1. p. 67. but not of D. C. The leaves are interraediate in 
breadth between the two following, and are probably glaucous 
like them. Corollas red, an inch long. 
Long-flowered Spurred-Valerian. Fl. May, July. Cit. 1817. 
Pl. 1 to 2 feet. 
2 C. ancustivo.ius (D. C. fi. fr. 4. p. 239.) leaves linear-lan- 
ceolate, quite entire; spur one-half shorter than the tube of the 
corolla, and about equal in length to the ovarium ; genitals much 
exserted. Y%. H. Native of Spain, south of France, Switzer- 
land, Italy, Greece, on the mountains in stony open places. 
Dufr. val. p. 39. Val. rùbra, p, Lin. spec. p. 44. Valeriana 
angustifolia, Cav. icon. 4. t. 353. Sibth. and Smith, fi. grec. t. 
29. but not of Host. Val. monándra, Vill. delph. 2. p. 280. 
Flowers red, half aninch long. This plant does not change under 
cultivation. 
Narron-leaved Spurred-Valerian. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1759. 
Pl. 1 to 2 feet. 
3 C. ru‘ser (D.C. fi. fr. 4. p. 632.) leaves ovate or lanceo- 
late: upper ones unequal at the base, toothed a little; spur one- 
half shorter than the tube, and much longer than the ovarium ; 
genitals exceeding the corolla but a very little. %. H. Native 
of the south of Europe, the Levant, north of Africa, and on 
Mount Vesuvius, and now cultivated in almost every garden. It 
is to be found in some parts of Britain, on chalk cliffs, on walls, 
and among rubbish, but is probably an escape from gardens. 
Stev. obs. pl. ross. p. 67. C. maritimus, Gray, brit. arr. 2. p. 
479. C. latifòlius, Dufr. val. p. 38. H. B. et Kunth, nov. 3. 
p- 323. Valeriana rùbra, All. ped. 1. p. 1. Valeriàna rubra, 
a, Lin. spec. p. 44. engl. bot. t. 1531.—Berg. phyt. t. 141. Do- 
don, pempt. 351. f. 1.—Riv. mon. t. 3. f.2. Plant of a glau- 
cous hue. Flowers red.—There is a variety of this with narrow 
leaves, and another with white flowers. In this and the preced- 
ing the root is sweet-scented, and the stem suffruticose at the 
ase. 
Red-flowered Spurred-Valerian. Fl. May, July. Britain. Pl. 
2 to 3 feet. 
* * Spur of flower very short (f. 114. c.). Flowers white. 
4 C. nervosum (Moris. elench. sard. 2. p. 4.) leaves all ellip- 
tic or oblong-lanceolate, attenuated into the petioles, 3-7-nerved, 
quite entire ; flowers cymosely corymbose ; spur very short. 2%. 
H.. Native of Corsica, at a place called Alle Trinita, and of Sar- 
dinia, on the mountains. Valeriana trinérvis, Viv. fl. cors. p. 3. 
add, fl. ital. p. 67. Flowers white. 
Nerved-leaved Spurred-Valerian. PI. 1 foot. 
5 C, carcitra'pa (Dufr. val. p. 29.) radical leaves ovate, 
8 
VALERIANES. VIII. Cenrranruvus. 
IX. VALERIANA, 
entire, or lyrate: upper ones pinnatifid ; flowers rather pani- 
cled; spur very short. ©. H. Native of Europe, in the 
region of the Mediterranean, and the temperate parts of France. 
Hoffm. et Link, fl. port. 2. p. 72. Valeriàna calcitràpa, Lin. 
spec. p. 44. Sibth. et Smith, fl. 
grec. t.30. Val. annua, Gray, 
brit. arr. 2. p. 478.—Clus. hist. 
2, p. 54. with a figure.—Mor. 
hist. sect. 7. t. 14. f. 7. Flowers 
white, tinged with red. 
Var. B, orbiculata (D. C. 
prod. 4. p. 632.) lower leaves 
cordate-orbicular, denticulated : 
upper ones pinnatifid at the base. 
©. H. Native of the Island of 
Cyprus and Balearic Islands, &c. 
C. orbiculàtus, Dufr.— Valeri- 
àna orbiculàta, Sibth. et Smith, 
fl. gree. 1. p. 21. 
Caltrop-leaved Spurred-Va- 
lerian. Fl. May, July. Clt. 
1683. Pl. 4 to 14 foot. i 
Cult, All the species are elegant border-flowers. They will 
grow in any common soil, or on walls or rock-work, and are all 
readily increased by seed. 
FIG. 114. 
IX. VALERIA‘NA (said by some to be named after one 
Valerius, who is said to have used this plant first in medicine; 
and by others to be from valere, to be in health, on account of 
the medicinal qualities of V: officinalis). Neck. elem. 1. p- 123. 
D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 238. Roem. et Schultes, syst. no. 119. D.C. 
prod. 4. p. 632.—Valeriàna, Phylláctis, and Astrèphia, Dufr — 
Valeriàna species and Oligacòce species, Willd. ; 
Lin. syst. Triándria, Monogynia. Limb of calyx involute 
in the time of blossom, but it unfolds itself at last into a deci- 
duous pappus, which is composed of many plumose bristles o 
115. d.). Corolla with an obconical or cylindrical tube (f. 11 ‘ 
b.), which is equal at the base or gibbous, but not spurred, we 
a bluntly 5-cleft limb (f. 115. b.), rarely 3-cleft. Stamens 3 ( . 
115. 6.). Fruit indehiscent, 1-celled and 1-seeded at maturity. 
—Herbs or subshrubs. Leaves variable even in the same pat 
Flowers corymbose, capitate or panicled, nearly all white, rarely 
blue, rose-coloured, or yellow. 
Secr. I. Payrra'crs (from ġvàdov, phyllon, a leaf, and a te 
actin, a ray; in reference to the heads of flowers being rt p 
crated). D. C. prod. 4. p. 632.—Phylláctis, Pers. ench. i 
39. Corolla 3-cleft. Flowers densely aggregate, involucratee- 
Stems none. Leaves all radical, entire.—Perhaps a proper 
genus. í 
1 V. xicwa (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 39. t. 65. f. +) stery 
less ; leaves crowded ina stellate manner, linear-lanceolate, ye 
gent, quite entire, glabrous, coriaceous; corymbs sessile, Crow Ne 
head-formed ; corolla 3-cleft; genitals exserted. y. E: B. et 
tive of Quito and Peru, on the tops of the Alps. H. j 
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 324. Phylláctis rígida, Pers. €” 
1. p. 39. Dufr. val. p. 52. Flowers white. 
Stiff Valerian. Pl. tufted. : 
2 A TENUIFOLIA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 39. t.65. f.d.) re 
stemless; leaves crowded in a stellate manner, linear-subus i 
ciliated at the base, very unequal, outer ones very long ; B a 
sessile, crowded, head-formed ; corollas 3-cleft; genita Al = 
serted. YY. F. Native of Peru, on the tops of the if 
Phyllactis tenuifolia, Pers. ench, 1. p. 39. Dufr. val. p- 
Flowers white. 
Fine-leaved Valerian. PI. tufted. 
