VALERIANEE. 
roughish from short hairs ; stems striated, with the lower Joints 
or knees radicant ; lower leaves undivided, toothed, acumi- 
nated, on long petioles, heart-shaped ; upper ones on short pe- 
tioles, ternate ; lateral leaflets small, terminal one larger, ovate 
or oblong, acuminated; panicle terminal, with short opposite 
branches, which are corymbose at the apex. %.F. Native of 
Nipaul, at Gosaingsthan. Trunk of root slender, creeping, and 
throwing out fibres. 
Creeping Valerian. Pl. creeping, 1 foot. 
82 V. Warrrcuu (D. C. coll. mem. vii. t. 4. prod. 4. p. 
640.) radical leaves petiolate, heart-shaped, a little crenated, 
villous, but most so on the petioles; stems erect, striat- 
ed, simple, smoothish; cauline leaves distant, small, cut a 
little at the base ; upper leaves linear, entire; corymbs subum- 
bellate ; fruit villous. 2.F. Native of Nipaul, at Kamaon. 
V. villòsa, Wall. herb. but not of Thunb. Stems villous at the 
a Herb 8-10 inches high. Petioles beset with retrograde 
villi, 
Wallich’s Valerian. PI. 4 to 1 foot. 
83 V. exa'ra (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 159.) stem branched, 
terete, smooth ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets lanceolate, quite entire, 
downy ; flowers corymbosely panicled; fruit with villous fur- 
tows. ¥.F. Native of Nipaul. Root fibrous. Stem erect, 
branched, 3-4 feet in length. Flowers small, rose-coloured, 
triandrous, 
Tall Valerian. P]. 3 to 4 feet. 
84 V. Harpwrcxu (Wall. in Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 166.) plant 
erect, downy ; stems striated, villous ; radical leaves numerous, 
undivided, cordate, toothed, acute, unequally sinuated, on long 
petioles ; cauline leaves sessile, remote, pinnate ; leaflets lan- 
ceolate, crenated, villous; corymbs at length elongated and 
panicled ; peduncles dichotomous ; stamens inclosed ; fruit tetra- 
gonal, hairy ; stigma 3-lobed. 4%. F. Native of Nipaul, and 
near the town of Sirinagur, where it is called by the Nawarre 
people chamaha-swa. Hardw. in asiat. res. 4. p. 350. with a 
figure. D. Don, prod. fl, nep. p. 159. Wall. pl. rar. asiat. 
3. t. 263. Val. Hardwickiana, Roem. et Schultes, mant. 1. p. 
259. Root thick, short, furnished with long thickish fibres. 
Stem fistular, branched, very variable in height, from a hand to 
2-3 feet. Hairs on the leaves very short. Flowers white. 
Spikenard, Jones, asiat. res. 2. p. 405. with a figure. The 
root is strong scented like the common valerian, and is used 
medicinally by the natives of Nipaul. 
Hardmick’s Valerian. PI. 4 to 3 feet. 
85 V. rE’nera (Wall. cat. no. 435.) plant smoothish, erect ; 
Stem striated, villous at the knees, the rest glabrous ; radical 
leaves small, reniform, on long petioles: cauline leaves pinnate ; 
eaflets lanceolate, almost entire, acuminated ; corymbs con- 
tracted. 2. F. Native of Nipaul, at Kamaon. Herb 5-6 
Inches high. Leaves downy on the margins and petioles. This 
18 probably only a dwarf variety of V. Hardnickii. 
Tender Valerian. PI. 1 foot. 
86 V. sisympruroxta (Desf. choix. Tourn. p. 53. t. 41. ann. 
mus. 1]. p. 273. t. 28.) plant glabrous, erect; stem finely 
Striated; leaves all pinnate; leaflets ovate-roundish, quite entire ; 
corymbs densely contracted. Y.-H. Native of Armenia, 
Caucasus, Iberia, and the Levant; and on the mountains in the 
island of Cois. Dufr. val. p- 42. V. cardamines, Bieb. fl. taur. 
I. p. 24. ex Stev. obs. p. 67. Flowers red. 
Sisymbrium-leaved Valerian. Fl. June, July. 
- 1 foot. 
87 V. perrépuita (Bunge, Led. fl. ross. ill, t. 19. fi. alt. 1. 
Pp. 54.) leaves all lyrately pinnate-parted : the terminal segment 
the largest, oblong, all quite entire and obtuse; stems sim- 
ple ; flowers verticillately subracemose. %. H. Native of 
Siberia, in rough stony places on the tops of Alps at the river 
Clt. 1824. 
IX. VALERIANA. 679 
Tschuja, against the mouth of the river Tschegan. Root 
with long thick yellowish white fibres, emitting sarmenta. Leaves 
glabrous, rather fleshy, the primary ones simple or auricled. 
Flowers disposed in whorles of threes. Pappus of fruit grey- 
ish violet. 
Rock-loving Valerian. Pl. 3 to 4 foot. 
88 V. arrernivotia (Led. fl. alt. 1. p. 52.) cauline leaves 
alternate, pinnate ; leaflets lanceolate-linear, downy beneath as 
well as on the stem; flowers corymbose. %.H. Native of 
Siberia, near the city of Irkutzk. Stem erect, simple. Radical 
leaves wanting in the specimen examined. Upper cauline leaves 
sessile, but the petioles become gradually elongated to the base. 
Genitals exserted. Corolla 5-parted, cleft longitudinally. 
Alternate-leaved Valerian. Pl. 1 to 14 foot. 
89 V. Dioscérivis (Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. t. 33.) plant 
glabrous, erect ; lower leaves lyrately pinnate, with ovate toothed 
leaflets: the terminal one large; upper leaves with equal lan- 
ceolate toothed leaflets ; cymes crowded, panicled ; peduncles 
dichotomous. 4%. H. Native of Lycia. Roots tuberous. 
Flowers pale red. 
Dioscorides’ Valerian. 
Pl. 2 feet. 
*** Species natives of Europe. 
90 V. sampuciroLia (Mikan, in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 1. 
p- 351.) stems erect, striated, glabrous, pilose at the joints; 
leaves all pinnate; leaflets 4-5 pairs and an odd one: those of 
the lower leaves ovate, and coarsely toothed, of the superior 
ones oblong-lanceolate, toothed, and rather decurrent; panicles 
thyrsoid. 2%. H. Native of Germany. Link, enum, hort. 
berol. 1. p. 63. V. altíssima, Horn.? This is a larger plant in 
all its parts than V. officinalis, and does not change by culture. 
Flowers pink. 
Llder-leaved Valerian. 
to 4 feet. 
91 V. orricina‘tis (Lin. spec. p. 45.) plant smoothish, erect ; 
stems furrowed; leaves all or nearly all pinnate, with 7-8 pairs 
of lanceolate serrated leaflets, and an odd one; corymbs at 
length panicled; fruit glabrous. X4. H. Native of Europe 
and Caucasus, in humid places, and about the banks of pools 
and rivers; plentiful in Britain. Dufr. val. p. 40. D.C. fl. fr. 
no. 3315. Blackw. herb. t. 171. Woody. med. bot. t. 96. 
Heyne, arz. gew. 3. t. 32. Curt. lond. 6. t. 3. Sowerb. engl. 
bot. 698. Oed. fl. dan. t. 570. V. sylvéstris, Dodon. pempt. 
349. f. 2. Phù, Column. phyt. 114. Phù Germánicum, Fusch. 
hist. p. 857. This is a very common and a very variable plant, 
having the stem from 2 to 4 feet high, glabrous or pilose: the 
lower leaves almost undivided, or all pinnate, with the leaflets 
broader or narrower, and more or less decurrent, most often 
toothed, very rarely quite entire, shining or opaque; corymbs 
contracted or loose ; but all these variations are hardly consi- 
dered varieties. V. liicida, Hort. par. V. excélsa, Poir. dict. 
7. p. 301. V. altíssima, Mikan in Bess. enum. p. 4. V. repens, 
Host, austr. 1. p. 35. are only varieties of V. officinalis. Root 
composed of long slender fleshy fibres, uniting into a head, and 
sending out long fleshy creeping shoots from the crown. Leaves 
bearded at the base on the under side. Flowers pale red, hav- 
ing a singular odour. Pappus of. seeds 12-rayed, purplish. In 
high dry pasture heaths and woods, the plant becomes smaller 
and more hairy, with the leaves narrower, and the roots more 
highly aromatic and less nauseous, 
The roots have a strong, and to most people a disagreeable 
smell; its taste is warm, bitterish, and subacrid, communicating 
its properties to wine, water, and spirit; but it is best in sub- 
stance, and may be taken from half a drachm to 2 drachms to a 
dose. There is no doubt of its possessing antispasmodic virtues 
in an eminent degree. It is often prescribed with advantage in 
Fl. May, June. Cit. 1819. PE 2 
