680 VALERIANEH. IX. VALERIANA. 
hysterical cases; and instances are not wanting where it appears 
to have removed some obstinate epilepsies. In habitual costive- 
ness it is an excellent medicine. The unpleasant flavour of 
valerian is best concealed by a small addition of mace. A tinc- 
ture of the root in proof spirit, and in volatile spirit, is ordered 
in the London Pharmacopeia. Dr. Cullen says, that if it has 
sometimes failed, it is from the disease depending upon different 
causes, or the root being frequently employed in an improper 
condition, or in doses not large enough.—It is well known that 
cats are much delighted with the roots. Dr. Stokes informs us, 
that rats are equally fond of them, and that rat-catchers employ 
them to draw the rats together. 
Officinal Valerian. FI. June, July. Britain. Pl. 1 to 4 ft. 
92 V. Sircue’nsis (Bongard, in mem. acad. imp. Petersb. 2. 
p. 145.) stem erect, glabrous, but pilose at the nodi; lower 
leaves ternate: superior ones pinnate, with 2 pairs of ovate, 
acuminated, coarsely toothed segments or leaflets; corymbs 
dense, contracted. 2. H. Native of the island of Sitcha, 
where the roots are used by the natives as a precious medicine. 
Very nearly allied to V. sambucifolia and V. officinalis. 
Sitcha Valerian. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 
93 V. ancustirétia (Tausch. ex Host, fi. austr. 1. p. 36. 
but not of Cav.) plant downy, erect; stems furrowed; leaves 
pinnate ; leaflets linear-lanceolate, obtuse, ciliated, quite entire, 
the 3 terminal ones confluent. 2. H. Native of Bohemia, 
on hills and mountains. Flowers rose-coloured. Root like that 
of V. officinalis. 
Narrow-leaved Valerian. Pl. 1 to 2 feet. 
**** A species native of the Cape of Good Hope. 
94 V. Cape’nsis (Thunb. prod. p. 7. fl. cap. p. 33.) plant 
glabrous, erect; stem striated; leaves pinnate; segments or 
lobes alternate? ovate-toothed, acute, the odd one the largest ; 
corymbs panicled. 2.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, 
in valleys on the mountains. Habit of V. officinalis, but differs 
from it in the shorter lobes of the leaves. The roots are used 
in the same way as X. officinalis. Stem pilose at the joints. 
Cape Valerian. Pl. 1 foot. 
+ Species not sufficiently known. 
95 V. teucopn# a (D.C. prod. 4. p. 641.) V. orientalis mi- 
nima flore leucophzea, Tourn. cor. p. 6. Allied to V. tuberdésa, 
ex Stev. obs. p. 67. but the bracteas are long and distant. 
Flowers dusky. 
Dusky-flowered Valerian. Pl. 1 foot. 
96-V. ancustitopa (D. C. prod. 4. p. 641.) V. orientalis 
angustifolia, floribus et radice Valerianze hortensis, Tour. cor. 
p. 6. This plant is nearly allied to V. officinalis, but differs in 
the narrower leaves. 
Narron-lobed-leaved Valerian. PI. 2 to 8 feet. 
Cult. All the hardy species thrive well in any common gar- 
den soil, and are easily increased by dividing at the roet. Many 
of them are very ornamental border-flowers. The tender kinds, 
or those from warmer climates, should be grown in pots, in a 
mixture of peat, sand, and loam, so that they may be protected 
in winter by placing them in a frame or green-house. 
X. BE’TCKEA (named after M. Betcke, who has described 
many species of Valerianélla). D. C. coll. mem. vii. prod. 4. 
p. 642. 
Lin. syst. Tridndria, Monogýnia. Limb of calyx 1-toothed, 
deciduous. Corolla funnel-shaped, 5-lobed. Stamens 3. Fruit 
1-celled, triquetrous, naked at the apex. Seed 1, conforming to 
the fruit, and filling the cell.—Glabrous, annual, simple, erect 
herbs. Leaves undivided. Flowers small, white. Habit of a 
species of Valerianélla. 
X. 
Bercxea, XI. Trirptostecia. DIPSACEÆ. 
1 B. saĮmoriròLIa (D.C. prod. 4. p. 642.) lower leaves obo- 
vate-oblong : upper ones ovate-roundish, sessile, stem-clasping; 
cymes small, on short peduncles in the axils of the leaves; 
bracteas oblong. ©. H. Native of Chili, in mountain pastures 
near La Punta de Cortes, and about Valparaiso and Conception. 
Valeriana seu Fédia samolifdlia, Bert. in litt. 1829. and in bull. 
se. 1830. p. 111. Habit of Samdlus or Claytonia. 
Samolus-leaved Betckea. Pl. 4 foot.? 
2 B.? Gir su (Hook. et Arn. in bot. mise. 3. p. 366.) 
plant quite glabrous ; root tufted, woody ; radical leaves round- 
ish-elliptic, almost 3 times shorter than the petioles, quite entire; 
scapes about equal in length to the leaves; flowers in crowded 
heads ; fruit glabrous, lanceolate, angular; limb of calyx short, 
urceolate.—Native of Chili, in clefts of rocks near La Casa de 
Piedro, and the Andes of Mendosa, forming dense masses. B. 
samolifòlia, Gill. but not of D. C. There is on the scape usually 
one pair of floral leaves : from the axil of each arises a head of 
flowers, in addition to the terminal one; and these three heads 
are often so close as to appear like one. This is probably not a 
species of Bétckea ; its fruit is not triquetrous, nor is the limb 
of the calyx 1-toothed and deciduous; but the fruit is still 1- 
seeded. 
Gillies’s Betckea. Pl. + foot. 
Cult. The seeds will only require to be sown in the open 
ground in May, in a sheltered situation. 
XI. TRIPLOSTE'GIA (rpurdo0¢, triploos, triple, and OTEYOS, 
stegos, a covering; the flowers are clothed by 3 coverings, à 
double involucrum and the calyx). Wall. cat. no. 436. D.C, 
coll. mem. vii. prod. 4. p. 642. 
Lin. syst. Triándria, Monogijnia. Flowers covered by a 
triple tegument, a double involucrum, and the calyx. Outer in- 
volucrum 4-parted and 4-keeled: inner one tubular, 8-toothed, 
and 8-ribbed. Calya adhering to the ovarium, with a small 4- 
toothed limb. Corolla funnel-shaped, 5-cleft, not gibbous at 
the base, nor spurred. Stamens 3, rising from the base of the 
tube; anthers a little exserted. Stigma capitate. Utriculus !- 
seeded, beaked, covered by the double involucrum, and crowned 
by the teeth of the calyx, downy.—An Indian herb. Root long; 
fibry, scentless. Stems obsoletely 4-furrowed, simple or spar- 
ingly branched, bearing longish articulated hairs towards the top; 
which are tipped with glands. Leaves approximate at the base 
of the stem, oval-lanceolate, toothed, pinnatifid, downy above, 
and rather villous beneath, petiolate ; cauline leaves few, pm- 
natifid, small. Corymbs or panicles clothed with glandular 
down. Flowers small, by threes, downy. pee 
1 T. eranouzivera (Wall. 1. e.) ¥.H. Native of Nipau!, 
on mountains about Gosaingsthan, growing along with Nardó- 
stachys. 
Gland- bearing Triplostegia. Pl. 4 to 2 feet. i f 
Cult. This plant should be grown in a pot, in a mixture 0 
loam, peat, and sand, and placed among other alpine plants. t 
may be propagated by dividing at the root, or by seed. 
Orprer CXXXII. DIPSA'CEÆ (the plants contained in this 
order agree with the genus Dipsacus in several important cha- 
racters). Vaill. mem. acad. par. 1722. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p 22l. 
Coult. dips. diss. 4to. geneva, 1823. et emend. ined. in litt. 
1824. D. C. prod. 4. p. 643.—Dipsacearum genera, Juss. and 
Adans. 
Tube of calyx closely girding the ovarium (f. 118. d.). 
Limb of calyx variable, short or elongated, entire (f. 117. g) 
toothed, or ending in numerous variable bristles (f. 118. d.) 
which are usually plumose, and pappus-formed. Corolla gene 
