DIPSACEE. 
petalous (f. 117. f. f. 118. e.), inserted in the top of the tube, 
rarely ringent, but usually unequal (f. 117. f. f. 118. e.), 4-5- 
cleft, Stamens 4 (f. 118. f.), inserted in the tube of the corolla, 
and alternating with its lobes, nearly always distinct and free; 
anthers 2-celled. Style filiform (f. 118. g.); stigma simple, longi- 
tudinal or subcapitate. Fruit indehiscent, membranous or sub- 
nucumentaceous (f. 118. A. f. 117. c.), crowned by the limb of the 
calyx (f. 117. i. f. 118. ¿.), 1-celled, 1-seeded, usually covered 
by the involucel (f. 117. g.) Seed pendulous in the fruit; albumen 
fleshy. Embryo straight, with a superior radicle——Herbs or 
subshrubs. Leaves opposite, rarely verticillate, very variable in 
form, and even so in the same individual, the radical and cauline 
ones being very different. Flowers in dense heads, girded by 
involucra, very rarely in whorles. Involucel calyciform, girding 
the flower, 
This order was formerly joined with Valerianee, but is rea- 
dily distinguished from it, by the whole habit, by the flowers 
being in involucrated heads, and the single flowers being involu- 
cellate; by the fruit being constantly 1-celled and 1-seeded, in 
the stamens being always 4 in number, by the stigmas being 
simple, and by the seeds being albuminous. In this latter respect 
£ agrees with the order Calycèreæ, but is distinguished from it 
in the embryo being erect, not inverted, and in the anthers being 
free, not combined into a tube. It agrees also with Compésite, 
from which it differs in its distinct stamens, and its pendulous 
albuminous seeds. What is called the involucel is a curious 
organ, resembling an external calyx, and is to each particular 
flower in the head of Dipsacee, what the partial involucrum of 
Compésite is to each umbellule. In several species of Scabidsa 
the ovarium is entirely united with the tube of the calyx. Mr. 
Brown remarks, that the base of the style coheres with the nar- 
Tow apex of the tube of the calyx, even in those plants of the 
order in which the dilated part of the tube is entirely distinct from 
the ovarium. This kind of partial cohesion between pistillum and 
calyx is directly opposite to what usually takes place, namely, the 
base of the ovarium being coherent, while its upper is distinct. 
It equally, however, determines the apparent origin or insertion 
of the corolla and stamina, producing the unexpected combina- 
tion of flos superus with ovarium liberum. The order also 
agrees in many respects with Nyctaginee and Globularinee. 
The plants contained in this order have almost the habit of 
Compésite ; all have the flowers growing in heads. Many of 
them are elegant border-flowers, and are cultivated with great 
facility, Some of the species of Scabidsa have been employed 
as diaphoretic and anti-syphilitic, but are now neglected. 
Synopsis of the genera. 
Tris: I, 
Corolla ringent. Stamens 4, combined by twos, 
or didynamous. Flowers verticillate, bracteated. 
1 Morina. Involucrum 1-leaved, campanulate, with spiny- 
toothed edges. Calyx with an ovate tube, and a foliaceous bifid 
limb. Corolla long, tubular. 
Troe I. 
Scapidsrx. Corolla 4-5-cleft (f. 118. e.), not ringent. Sta- 
VOL. 1I. 
Morinex. 
IL Mora. 681 
mens 4-5 (f. 118. f.), free, nearly equal. Flowers aggregate upon 
a receptacle (f. 118. c.), the heads involucrated by a general in- 
volucrum, and each flower girded by a calyciform involucel 
Gag.) 
2 Dr'sacus. Involucrum of many leaves, much longer than 
the paleæ among the flowers, which are foliaceous. Corolla 4- 
cleft. Stamens 4. Fruit crowned by the subtetragonal limb of 
the calyx, inclosed within the involucel. 
8 Cernara'ria, Involucrum of many imbricated leaves, 
which are shorter than the paleæ (f. 116, a). Involucel ter- 
minated by a 4-8-toothed crown. Corolla 4-cleft (f. 116. ¢.), 
Stamens 4. Fruit tetragonal, crowned by the limb of the calyx, 
and inclosed within the involucel. 
4 Kwavu'tra. Involucrum of many leaves. Palew none. 
Receptacles hairy. Involucel girding the fruit, denticulated at 
the apex. Limb of calyx cup-shaped. Corolla 4-5-cleft. Sta- 
mens 4. 
5 Prerocr’puatus. Involucrum double, each series of 4-6 
leaves. Receptacle villous or chafty. Involucel toothed (f. 117. 
h.) or awned. Limb of calyx ending in feathery bristles (f. 117.7. 
f. 118. i). Corolla 5-cleft. Stamens 4, rarely 2-3. 
6 Scasrdsa. Involucrum of many leaves. Receptacle chaffy. 
Involucels usually subcylindrical. Limb of calyx attenuated into 
a neck at the base, and ending in 5 awned bristles. Corolla 
4-5-cleft. Stamens 4. 
Tribe I. 
MORI'NE& (this tribe only contains the genus Moria). 
D. C. prod. 4. p. 644. Corolla ringent. Stamens 4, didyna- 
mous, or combined by twos. Flowers verticillate, bracteate. 
I. MORINA (so named by Tournefort after Louis Morin, 
M. D. member of the Academy of Sciences at Paris, who first 
raised it from seed in his garden at the Abbey of St. Victor. 
He gave lectures on botany in the Jardin du Roi, Paris, in place 
of Tournefort, while he was in the Levant). Tourn. cor. p. 48. 
Lin. gen. no. 41. Lam. ill. 21. Coult. dips p. 21. D.C. prod. 4. 
p. 644,—Diotothéca, Vaill, mem. acad. par. 1722. but not of Rafin. 
- Lin. syst. Tetrdndria, Monogjnia. Involucel 1-leaved, tubu- 
larly campanulate, destitute of foveolæ, with spinosely-toothed 
margins. Tube of calyx ovate: limb foliaceous, bifid : lobes 
oblong, entire or bifid. Corolla long, tubular, ringent. Sta- 
mens 4, sometimes free, didynamous, and sometimes joined 
together by pairs, diadelphous. Stigma peltately capitate. 
Fruit crowned by the lobes of the calyx, and girded by the in- 
volucel.—Perennial, simple, erect herbs, with the habit of Cár- 
Leaves oblong, sinuated, dentately spinose, rarely quite 
Flowers crowded in whorles in the axils of the superior 
Floral leaves shorter, almost palmately spiny-toothed. 
duus. 
entire. 
leaves. 
Secr. I. Diıoroca'Lyx (from ôç, dis, twice, and ove wroc, ous 
otos, an ear, and xadvi, kalyx, a calyx; in reference to the limb 
of the calyx being of 2 lobes). D. C. prod. 4. p. 644. Leaves 
sinuated and spinosely toothed.. Lobes of calyx 2, oblong, more 
or less emarginate at the apex, unarmed. Stamens combined 
by twos, perhaps in all the species. 
1 M. Pe’rsica (Lin. spec. p. 39.) leaves pinnate-parted : 
lobes ending in long hard spines; floral leaves and corollas vil- 
lous: lobes of calyx retuse, slightly emarginate. 4%. F. Na- 
tive of Persia about Ispahan, Syria, Asia Minor, and on Mount 
Parnassus, Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. t. 28. Coult. dips. 21. t. 1. 
f. 1. M. orientalis carlinzefolia, Tourn. voy. 2. p. 282, with a 
48 
